Table of Contents
Understanding how Congress debates and passes laws helps citizens stay informed about the legislative process. This guide provides an overview of the steps involved from proposal to enactment.
Introduction to the Legislative Process
Congress, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, is responsible for creating laws. The process begins with the introduction of a bill, which then moves through several stages of review and approval before becoming law.
Steps in the Lawmaking Process
The process involves multiple steps to ensure thorough examination and debate. These steps include drafting, committee review, floor debate, voting, and presidential approval.
Bill Introduction and Committee Review
A member of Congress introduces a bill, which is then assigned to a relevant committee. The committee reviews, holds hearings, and may amend the bill before voting on whether to send it to the full chamber.
Floor Debate and Voting
If approved by the committee, the bill is debated on the floor of the House or Senate. Members discuss its merits and may propose further changes. A vote is then taken to determine if the bill advances.
Conference and Final Approval
If both chambers pass different versions of the bill, a conference committee works to reconcile differences. The final version is then sent back for a vote. Once approved, it moves to the President for approval or veto.
Role of the President
The President can sign the bill into law or veto it. If vetoed, Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds majority in both chambers, making the bill law despite the President’s objection.