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Congressional committees play a vital role in the legislative process. They help shape laws, oversee government agencies, and review policy proposals. Understanding how these committees function can help voters better grasp how Congress operates and influences policy decisions.
Types of Congressional Committees
There are several types of committees in Congress, each with specific functions:
- Standing Committees: Permanent panels that handle broad policy areas.
- Select Committees: Temporary panels created for specific investigations or issues.
- Joint Committees: Comprise members from both the House and Senate to address common concerns.
- Conference Committees: Formed to reconcile differences in legislation passed by both chambers.
How Committees Influence Legislation
Committees review, amend, and sometimes block legislation. When a bill is introduced, it is usually assigned to a relevant committee. Committee members hold hearings, gather information, and debate the bill’s merits. If approved, the bill moves forward to the full chamber for a vote.
Committee Membership and Power
Membership in committees is based on party representation and seniority. Committees hold significant power because they control which bills advance and influence policy details. Chairpersons, usually from the majority party, lead committees and set agendas.