The Supreme Court affirmed the breadth of the Citizenship Clause in United States v. Wong Kim Ark. The case involved a man born in San Francisco to Chinese parents who were lawful permanent residents. The government tried to deny him entry when he returned from a trip abroad, claiming he was not a citizen. The Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment’s plain language granted citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil, with only narrow exceptions (such as children of foreign diplomats or hostile occupying forces). This precedent has stood for over a century.