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Legal systems in the United States operate at both the federal and state levels. Understanding how they work together and separately helps clarify how laws are made and enforced across the country.
Federal Legal System
The federal legal system applies to the entire country. It is based on the U.S. Constitution, which is the highest law. Federal laws are created by Congress and enforced by federal agencies and courts.
Federal courts interpret and apply federal laws. They also resolve disputes involving federal issues, such as immigration, bankruptcy, and federal crimes.
State Legal System
Each state has its own legal system, which is based on its state constitution. State laws are made by state legislatures and enforced by state agencies and courts.
State courts handle cases involving state laws, such as family law, property disputes, and most criminal cases. They also interpret state constitutions and statutes.
Interaction Between Federal and State Systems
Federal and state legal systems often overlap. Federal laws take precedence over state laws when there is a conflict, due to the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution.
States can create their own laws, as long as they do not violate federal laws or the Constitution. This allows states to address local issues effectively.