Table of Contents
Understanding the legal system is important for citizens to know their rights and responsibilities. This guide provides a simple overview of how courts function and the different types of legal systems.
What Is a Legal System?
A legal system is a framework that governs how laws are created, interpreted, and enforced. It ensures order in society and protects individual rights. Different countries have different types of legal systems, but all aim to provide justice.
Types of Courts
Courts are the institutions where legal disputes are resolved. They vary in authority and function. The main types include:
- Trial Courts: Handle initial cases and determine facts.
- Appellate Courts: Review decisions made by trial courts.
- Civil Courts: Deal with disputes between individuals or organizations.
- Criminal Courts: Handle cases involving violations of laws.
How Courts Work
Courts follow procedures to ensure fair trials. A case begins with filing a complaint or charge. Both sides present evidence and arguments. A judge or jury then decides the outcome based on the law and facts.
Key Legal Terms
Understanding basic legal terms helps citizens navigate the system. Important terms include:
- Plaintiff: The person who brings a case to court.
- Defendant: The person accused or sued.
- Verdict: The decision made by the court.
- Appeal: Asking a higher court to review a decision.