Amaanyi makulu nnyo mu by'obufuzi, mu kukyusa eby'enkola, n'enkola y'abantu bonna. Okutegeera amakulu g'amaanyi mu mbeera z'eby'obufuzi kikulu eri abayizi n'abasomesa era n'eri ddala. Wadde kiri kityo, ekigambo kyennyini kyangu okunnyonnyola: kirimu amakulu agava ku ndowooza y'ebibala, obuwanvu, n'ekiseera eky'ebyafaayo. Ekitundu kino kyogera ku nnyinyonnyola y'enkunamba, engeri z'obufuzi, era n'ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'obufuzi, nga kigoberera ebyokulabirako okuva ku nsi yonna ne ku nyisoso ey'abantu ab'omu kiseera kino.

Okuwa Amaanyi mu by’Obunnabyabufuzi

Mu buyinza bwe, obuyinza mu by'obufuzi bwe busobozi obusinga okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nneeyisa, enzikiriza, oba okukola ku mikisa gy'abalala. munnasayansi omunnabyabufuzi Robert Dahl yannyonnyola bulungi amaanyi ga A okuba nga gakola ekintu B ky'atandikoze. Empandiika eno ey'enjawulo elaba amaanyi agakolera ku bazannyi. Kyokka, abakugu nga Steven Lukas bagambye nti amaanyi gakola mu ngeri enneekusifu: okuyitira mu kussaawo ensonga (okuggyawo ensonga ezimu ku mmeeza) era n'okusinziira ku by'awumba (abantu batunuulira bye baagala okuba nga bye baagala).

Amaanyi ga njawulo, nga buli kiwandikiro kiri mu ngeri za njawulo:

  • '[[Act:0] Amaanyi ag'empandika:[ Okukozesa oba okutiisatiisa okukaka n'okukanga abantu okukola omulimu gwa kyo. Obuyinza bwa gavumenti ku ttemu erikkirizibwa, nga Max Weber bwe yannyonnyola, ye ngeri esingayoyo ey'amaanyi ag'okukukolera awamu.
  • [[AK'AMULALA]] Legitimate Obwannakyewa:[[[FULT:1] Obuyinza obukkirizibwa abo ababugondera. Buno bwe buyinza bw'abakungu, abafuzi, oba abalamuzi abakolera mu ntegeka ya mateeka.
  • [[Act:0] Expert Power:[ Kino kikwata ku kumanya okw'enjawulo, obusobozi, oba obujulizi. Lowooza ku abo abateeka mu banka mu nviromenti etegese amagoba oba abo abanoonyereza ku by'obulamu.
  • [[NKUMBO:0] Amaanyi agafuga ennyimpiro:[ Amaanyi agasibuka mu kwegwanyiza, mu kwewuza oba mu kyegawulizo kya muntu. Abakulembeze abafuga enneyisa ya bannakyewa nga Martin Luther King Jr. oba Nelson Mandela yakozesa obuyinza obw'amaanyi.

Ng’ekyokulabirako, katikkiro ayinza okuba n’obuyinza obw’enjawulo ng’akolera wamu n’abakungu ba gavumenti abayamba abakungu ba gavumenti, ng’ate ye agezaako n’okukubiriza abakungu ba poliisi n’abaserikale okubaako kye bakolawo okusobola okuyamba abantu.

Endowooza Enkyamu Ekwata ku Bufuzi bwa Gavumenti

Okumala ebbanga ddene, bannabyabufuzi babadde bawakanya eby’obufuzi era nga bagezaako okuteebereza engeri eby’obufuzi gye biddukanyizibwamu.

BugaziPaltural name

Obutujju bugamba nti obufuzi bucaase mu bibiina by'abantu abavuganya nga bawa obuwangwa ne bannabyabufuzi.[1] Naye abanoonyereza ku by'okwefunira obukumpanya, n'ebibiina by'eddiini, n'ebibinja by'abantu okusobola okukolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo, era nga tewakyali kibiina kyonna kya nnaakalyako ani, tewabaawo nkola eya demokulase. Mu nkola eya demokulase, abantu basinziira ku ku ku kugattika obugaanyi obutongole, era nti abantu basobola okubuwagira okuyitira mu kulonda ntegeka. Kyokka, abawakanya endowooza z'obuwabuzi bagamba nti tekiri nti buli kibiina kirina eby'obugagga ebyenkana oba okusobola okufuna obusobozibwe, era n'ebigendererwa bya kampuni ezisinga obungi.

Erisasiro

Endowooza ya Elite ekwataganyizibwa n'abantu aba bulijjo nga Gaetano Mosca, Vilfredo Pareto, ne C. Wright Mills, ziwa obukakafu nti abantu abatono era abakolagana awamu nga(kawumbi n'obuwangwa) obwa waggulu mu by'enfuna, obw'amagye oba obw'ebyobufuzi) balina obuyinza obwa nnamaddala, ka kibe nga enkola ya demokulase. Ebyo ebisala ku bantu bangi bye bakola bikwatagana n'abantu abatono, abafaananya ebintu bye bimu, n'enkola ez'enkola ez'enjawulo. Endowooza eno eyamba okunnyonnyola obusokeera mu by'obufuzi ne n'enkola enfuze.

Obugoberezi

Kkaseti y'obusuubuzi, Marx posits egamba nti amaanyi gasibuka ku nkola y'okukola. Wansi w'amakolero ne faamu, ettaka oba amakolero, ekitongole kya gavumenti kye kikolera mu bukulembeze bwa ba sourgeousi. Enneox - Mexcordist kye kyasobozesa endowooza eno nga Antonio Gramsci n'enjigiriza ya hegemony: amaanyi tegaagobererwa mu buyinza kyokka naye okuyitira mu kutegeera kw'empalo, gye gatwala ebibiina ebifuga nga enkola y'ekitongole ekifuga.

Endowooza y’Okwesalirawo

Abaami bagezaako okufuna amaanyi okulaga engeri enkola y'ekikula gye kikyusaamu enkolagana wakati w'abantu mu by'obufuzi, mu bitongole ne mu bulamu obwa bulijjo. Balaga nti mu byafaayo, okuggyako abakazi ebifo eby'obuyinza, okukoma ku mirimu gy'okulabirira abalwadde, n'engeri enkola ez'enkola ez'okussaawo enfuze. Obukaba n'obukaba n'obukaba okukolebwamu k'abantu ab'ebifaananyi, era n'engeri gye bissa essira ku maanyi g'ebiragiro by'abasajja n'abakyala ab'ebifaananyi. Abafiminissomssom'okugatta ebitundu by'omubiri okusobola okukomya enkola ya Kimberlé Crenlânshaw . Amaanyi ag'amaanyi ga Kimbrigis, ekiwayinja, ekika, ne eby'okwegatta ebitundu eby'okwetaba. Abamanyonyisiikiriza ekitongole baggumiza [[[FLT:]'enkola y'enkola y'omutiibwa kino.

Okuyigiriza

Nga yesigamiziddwa ku Michel Foucault, endowooza ezigobererwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyigirizibwa, zitwala amaanyi okuba nga ga muwendo, so si nga gasaasaana, wabula nga gakola okuyitira mu kwogera, okumanya, n'okukangavvula. Amaanyi gasobozesa abantu okubaako bye bayiga, amazima: gakozesebwa mu bibiina, mu makomera, ne mu mawulire, so si mu luparye. Endowooza eno ekubiriza abeekenneenya okunoonyereza ku ngeri olulimi gye luyinza okukozesebwamu (g., "kitézen,"" muvugizi wa magye,"" buttujjukizi," buleetera abatunzi b'obujulizi okuleetawo enfunze n'okufuga mu bifo eby'ewala.

Amaanyi Agali mu Buwaŋŋanguse bw’Eby’obufuzi

Enkola za sistemu ez’enjawulo zikola ebintu ebikulu ebiba birina kye bikola okuva ku kukola amateeka okutuuka ku kukolera abantu eddembe.

  • [[NT:0] Amaanyi ga democracy: gasibuka mu kusemba okugattidwa okuyitira mu kulonda okwa bwereere era okwa nnamaddala. Amaanyi ga democracrace gayoleka obwawule, obulamuzi obwa kyetwala, n'obukuumi eri eddembe ly'abantu abatono ennyo. Kyokka, ne demokratice ez'amaanyi ziyolekagana n'okusoomooza okw'amaanyi nga kaweefube, okugobererwa, n'okuteeyisa abanyazezza obukwasike n'abakungu ba gavumenti z'ensi.
  • Amaanyi gayimirizidwa mu mukulembeze omu, mu junta, oba mu kyapa kimu. Okugaana kubunyisibwa mu nnukuta, mu bulabe, oba mu kukaka. Okulonda, bwe kukwatibwa, tekukkirizibwa oba tekukkirizibwa. Gavumenti za bannaakyewa zikyuka okuva ku nkola za ba empula oba eza bannaakyewa okutuuka ku bitundu bisatu eby'e China.
  • Obutuuze bwa Totalitarianism:[ Enkola ey'enkukakyuka mu ngeri nti gavumenti egezaako okufuga kumpi buli kika kya bulamu bwa bantu bonna ne bwa kinnoomu(economy, obuwangwa, obuyigirize, amaka, eddiini, obuyiti, obusosoze.) Eby'edda bizingiramu Bugirimaani ne Soviet Union mu ngeri ez'enjawulo.
  • ' Obufuzi obwa bulijjo: obwawula amateeka wakati wa gavumenti ey'omu masekkati ne gavumenti ez'omu bitundu ebirala. Enteekateeka eno esobozesa omulimu okusaasaanya, okugezesa, n'okukuuma ebibinja by'abantu abatono. Amasaza ga Buyindi gamanyidde enkola za gavumenti.

Eggwanga nnyingi leero zigoberera enkola eya demokulase oba demokulase ey'ekika kya bola.[1] Ebitundu ebya demokulase gye bikolera awamu n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza. Okutegeera emitindo gino kwetaagisa nnyo mu kwetegereza eby'obufuzi.

Eby’Okukozesa eby’Obufuzi

Ekintu ekikulu mu ebyo bye bakola kwe kuba nti bafuga, bawaliriziddwa mu by’enfuna, bawalirizibwa, era bakubirizibwa n’okufuna obubaka.

Enzijanjaba n'obufuzi bw’Abapoliisi

Ebitongole bya gavumenti nga `“legislature', bannabyabufuzi, kkooti, emirimu gya bantu, n'eby'obuyinza. Amakomyawo gaabyo, enkola, n'enkola ze bawaabirwa. Max Weber yannyonnyola nti obufuzi busingirayo ddala okuba nga busobola okufuga abakungu ba gavumenti nga bagezaako okuziyiza obukugu mu by'obufuzi.

Eby’Eby’Eby’Obugagga

Ebibiina, abantu abagagga, n'abo abakolera awamu bizineesi, basobola okuteeka obulamu bwabwe mu kabi ku kusaasaanya ssente, oba okuteekateeka emboozi mu ngeri esobozesa gavumenti ez'enjawulo okubaako oludda lw'ewandiikiddwawo.

Amaanyi ne Kyennyigiddemu

Wadde nga gavumenti ye yokka esobola okukaka abantu okukola ebikolwa eby'obukambwe, era nga y'esobola okuleetera abantu okujeemera gavumenti, okuttiŋŋana, n'okugoba abaserikale.

Okusendasenda n’Okwawula Obulimba

Gavumenti zikozesa ebyuma, obuyigirize, n'enkolagana wakati w'abantu okusobola okubaako endowooza n'okuleetawo kkomo. Mu myaka egikolebwa bayiti, kaweefube ow'okukyusa ebifa ku nviiri, ebisenge ebifuga algoodition, ne platifomu efuuse ebitiibwa ebippya mu kufuga obubaka. Endowooza ya amaanyi aga bulijjo[, eyakolebwa Joseph NY, eraga obusobozi bw'okusikiriza ne okusindika obubaka ku kiwandikiro oba okukaka obukolebwa ku kiwandikiro.

Amaanyi mu Nkolagana z’Ensi Yonna

Ku siteegi ey'ensi yonna, amaanyi gakolera mu magatte, ebitongole bya gavumenti ebitali bimu, amakanisa agatali ga ggwanga lyonna, era n'enkola ez'ensi yonna. Enjigiriza za dayitaliyonsi zissa essira ku busobozi obw'eby'obugagga: amaanyi g'eby'amagye, ebiva mu by'enfuna, obunene bw'ebitundu n'abantu. Enjigiriza ez'abantu ab'enjawulo zissa essira ku bukulu bw'ebibiina by'ensi yonna, eby'obusuubuzi, n'eby'enkola ez'enjawulo. Abakozi b'emirimu gy'enkolamu bakebera engeri gavumenti gye zikolamu ebintu oba emboozi eziwamu amateeka.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekitongole ky'Amawanga Amagatte eky'obukuumi kiwa obuyinza ku bantu bataano ab'enkalakkalira(a) abalaga engeri eby'okulwanyisa gye byabunyisibwamu mu 1945. Kyokka, okukyuka kw'omu kiseera kino, gamba ng'okweyongerayongera kwa Buyina, okweyongerayongera kw'enkola ya Internet, n'enkola z'abantu mu nsi yonna, okusoomooza obuyinza. Amaanyi amateefu, obufuzi bwa kompyuta, n'okufuga, bifuuse bikomye mu ku nkola y'eby'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola mulembe.

Eddembe Eririna Obuwanvu bw’Obufuzi

Amaanyi ag'enjawulo mazibu nnyo, naye abeekenneenya bakoze obubonero obusobola okugeraageranya enkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi mu nsi zonna era n'ebiseera.

  • Ebyokulabirako bizingiramu 'FOMENT',' ne ' Kino kizingiramu ekifo eky'omu ntegeka ya 'Fragile States Index' (obusobozi bw'eggwanga n'obwa nnamba ebifuga), ekiwandike eky'empandika eya Economist Unity’s Democracy Index, ne Varieties of democracy (V93DEM).
  • [[Act:0] Obunene bw'enkonge n'abasawo: obunene bw'enkonge gy'esaasaanyizibwawo gavumenti, obungi bw'abakungu ba gavumenti, n'obungi bw'emirimu gya gavumenti kyoleka nti obuyinza bw'eggwanga butuuka ku bukulu bwa gavumenti.
  • [[Akawayiro:0] [[Akawayiro:1]] Abazannyi abali mu ndagaano nga bagoberera omulimu gwa George Tsebeles.
  • [[AK'AMUT:0] Okwekankanya k'akawunta: Okuwa olukalala lw'enkolagana wakati wa bannakyewa, kampuni, ne bannabyabufuzi, kiraga nti enzimba tezimanyiddwa mu bantu bonna.

Tewali na kimu ku bipimo ebyo ekituukiridde, naye byonna biyamba okutambula nga tebibalirirwamu mu ngeri ya ntegeke.

Okuziyiza n’Okuziyiza

Amaanyi tegakoma ku muwa; buli kiseera gaziyizibwa. Okuva ku kwesamba n'okujeemera gavumenti n'okusittala n'okutyoboola obwewagguzi, abo abalina obuyinza bayinza okusiikiriza. Endowooza ey'obuyinza amaanyi eraga obusobozi bw'ebibiina ebifuga ebifuga ebireetebwawo ebisookereza ebizimbe ebirala.

Enteekateeka z'eby'ebyafaayo biraga engeri gye kiyinza okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkola ya bulijjo mu by'ebyafaayo. Ekibiina eky'Eddembe ly'Eddembe[FLT] mu Amerika kyawandikira ddala obukambwe n'okukakala bya langi okusobola okwanika obusosoze mu langi. Arabib[[[FLT]][FLT]][2011] mu 2010][FLT][FLT]][FLT]][FOLT][[FLT]]]

Okuziyiza era kwetaagisa engeri enneekusifu eza bulijjo — footfoodrig, olugambo, obutategeera, ennyimba ezaakwekebwa (Jacob Scott) okutuusa obukuukuutivu n’obumu bwe birina okugobererwa.

Okufaayo ku Bulamu n’Amaanyi

Ddi abo abalina obuyinza lwe bavunaanyizibwa ku bintu ebitali bimu, era ku luuyi olulala obuyinza bwandibaleetedde okwebuuza: Ddi obuyinza lwe bulina okugabibwa?

Abafirosoofo gamba nga Plato ne Aristotle, John Rawls ne Hannah Arendt babadde bakubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga zino.

  • [[[NKULA]] Obuwayiro obufuga enkola y'ekika kya n'obubonero obw'amakonkola, gamba nga akalulu, okulonda, n'okukebera ebiba bitegekeddwa mu ngeri endala buleetera ekiragiro okuteeka bannakyewa ku buyinza. Naye agumenti() ey'enkola ey'entegekebwa mu media, okulaba obanga akuuma akalembedde, okukuba firidi, okukuba tty.[1] Bw'ossaako akasanyuma, okukuba emirundi egisaadiro era n'okukuba emirundi egiddako, naggyenkana kiyinza okuzizzaamu.
  • [[Act:0] Obusobozi obw'okubikkula n'okuteekawo amateeka ga gavumenti, eddembe ery'okumanya ebifa ku bantu, n'okunoonyereza ku nsonga eziyinza okukendeeza ku nkozesa ey'obusobozi bw'okwerinda ebikolebwako.
  • Ekiragiro kino kiteeka mu nkola enkola ey'okusengeka enzijjuvu: Kino kisobozesa abantu abaakwatibwako mu kusalawo nga "*' - nercation translated quencer(*) -via articives, enkuŋŋaana z'abatuuze oba enkiiko z'omufo
  • [[Act:0] Eract:[[[NKUMBO:1] Kino kiraga bulungi akabi akali mu kubaako amaanyi, n'enteekateeka y'amateeka etwaliramu okukebera, n'okwewala amanya, n'obukuumi ebiva ku ddembe ly'abantu.

Era kyetaagisa abakulembeze abayigiriza ebituufu oba aboonoona ng’abantu baleetera abalabe baabwe obutassa kitiibwa mu bufuzi bwa demokulase.

Okunoonyereza ku Lukwata olw’Omu Kiseera Kyonna

Olukiiko lw’Ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte olw’Obukuumi

Ekitongole eky'eby'obukuumi kirimu ekifo eky'enkalakkalira mu by'obufuzi eby'amaanyi. .Cchina, Bufalansa, Russia, United Kingdom ne Amerika. Ekitongole kino kiwagidde obutebenkevu okuteekawo ebiteefuga. Ekiragiro kino kiziyiza obukuubagano mu nsi ez'amaanyi okuleetawo enkukanvu mu 1945. Okugezaako okw'enkyukakyuka, ng'okwongera obutundu bw'enkalakkalira nga obutundutundu obubeera nga Buyindi, Brazil, oba ebitundu bya Afirika, biremesezza enfunda n'enfunda okumanyisa engeri amaanyi gaanyemu gye gaziyizaamu okugattiŋŋanga.

Okudduukirira Emigabo n’Emisolo mu Amerika

Mu Amerika, kkooti enkulu mu Amerika, ekitongole ekiwa obukujjukujju [FOLT:0] kye kisalawo mu ngeri y'emu mu nga (2010) ekisazeewo eky'ensimbi kigiggya ku nsaasaanya ya bya bufuzi, ne kireetera ssente nnyingi okuva ku kampuni n'abantu abagagga. Omuntu ow'amaanyi, ebitongole eby'eby'enfuna, ebiteenoonyezebwa, n'ebitongole eby'eby'ensimbirira, era n'enkolagana wakati w'eby'eby'enfuna wakati w'eggwanga n'eby'ebitongole bya gavumenti, biraga nti amaanyi g'eby'eby'enfuna byoleka emitindo gy'enkola eya waggulu ennyo okusinga egyo egya bulijjo.

Eby’Obunnamawulire n’Eby’Amaanyi

Kampani nga Meta, X (yali eyitibwa Tuwitter), ne Google zirina obuyinza ku ku emboozi ya bonna. Engeri zaazo zisalawo ebizikwatako ebiyinza okukyusiza, ensengeka zaazo ziteekako empandika entono ennyo ezikkirizibwa, era n'empandika zazo ezikwata ku by'obufuzi zikyusa ebizingirwamu. Mu kiseera kya 20211 mu by'obufuzi, obukujjukujjukujjukujju bw'ebikyamu ebya Civid 9319, era ne kaweefube w'okulonda ennyinnyonnyola ez'amaanyi mu mikono gyokka.

fundikira

Okutegeera amaanyi mu by'obufuzi kiyamba okutegeera engeri gye kiyinza okugobererwamu n'enkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi. Bwe twekenneenya endowooza ez'enjawulo, sistemu, ne byewandiikiddwa, ne bye banoonyereza nga bakuba obufirosoofo obwa disitulikiti obwaddala okusobola okutegeera engeri gye buyinza okugyetaazaamu, obuyinza si bulungi oba bubi; kye kintu ekiyinza okukozesebwa okununula oba okufuga, okuzimba oba okuzikiriza. Okutegeera engeri zaabwo, ensibuko, n'amaanyi ge gamu, kye kintu ekisooka eky'okubukwatako nga bannabyabufuzi, ka babe bannakyewa, bannamawulire oba abakulembeze b'ebyakulakula.

Okusobola okweyongera okusoma, lowooza ku Ekitabo ekiyitibwa SSTford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on the producenti , ebigambo Max Weber bye yawandiisa nga “Politics ,” era n'ebiwandiikizo ebibaawo mu kiseera kye kimu ebyakolebwa VÍMEm Institute [ mu kunoonyereza ku by'obufuzi. Okutegeera amaanyi tekuli nkola ey'okunoonyereza kyokka, era tekyetaagisa okusobola okwenyigira mu projectivessources projective projective projective projectives projectives promondixworation.[FUM]