Ensibuko y’Ebigambo: Gavumenti Kye Nsingi Egisobozesa mu Bulamu Bwayo Buli Kiseera

Gavumenti zikola ng'ekikomye ku bantu ab'omu kiseera kino, nga ziwa emirimu egisobozesa abantu okukola emirimu, okukula n'okukula obulungi. Okuva ku kigero kyazo .w'ewaanyinya ssente ez'okuddaabiriza ebinnya.[1] Awa kakiiko k'ekibuga kateeka ssente ez'okuddaabiriza ebinnya. "w'eno,'obuvunaanyizibwa bwa gavumenti bukwata kumpi ku buli mbeera y'obulamu. Okutegeera obuvunaanyizibwa buno mu kukola kiyamba abatuuze okutegeera emiganyulo egiva mu ku bufuzi era ne bakubiriza okwenyigira mu bulamu bw'abantu. Ekitundu kino kinnyonnyola engeri gavumenti gye zituukirizaamu emirimu gyabwe mu bitundu eby'enjawulo, okugulumiza ebitongole, n'enkola ebikola ku nsonga zino. Obuvunaanyizibwa obwo obutuufu.

1. Obukuumi mu Bantu n’Amateeka

Okukuuma obubenje bw'abantu oboolyawo kye kintu ekisingayo okukolebwa gavumenti. Kino kizingiramu okukolagana mu bibiina bingi ne mu matwale g'ensi, byonna okukugira obumenyi bw'amateeka, okugoosa ku bizibu ebigwaawo obugwi, era n'okukuuma enkola. Obukuumi mu bantu tebuva ku nkola ya poliisi yokka; butwaliramu okukuumibwa kw'omuliro, obudduukirizebwa obubenje, n'obweeteefu.

Ebitongole bya Poliisi

Mu bibuga bingi, ebibiina by'abantu bibawa obulagirizi ku nsonga ezitali zimu gamba nga, okugootaanya ettemu mu maka oba ku nnukuta ezikola ku nviiri z'ekitongole kya kkampuni. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekitongole kya Poliisi ekya New York Police kikebera obusaze obwa bulijjo, ne kikolera wamu n'abantu abatuula mu bitundu ebirala nga 350,000.

Ebitongole Ebikola ku Muliro

Ekiragiro kino kikuuma obulamu n'ebintu okuva ku kabi ak'omuliro. Wadde nga omuliro gumaze okuzikiza omuliro, ebitongole eby'omu kiseera kino bikola okukebereza omuliro, ne biwa obuyigirize bwa gavumenti ku nsonga ezikwata ku muliro, era ne biyamba ne ku bizibu eby'akabi. Lipoota ez'eby'omuliro zigamba nti mu 2022, ebitongole eby'okuzikiza omuliro byagookya omuliro byagobererwa omuliro aw'awumbi kamu ku 1,5% nga biri mu mayumba agaawuzi galiwo ( Alipoota ez'omuliro zirebera .

Emirimu gy'eby'obujjanjabi obwa kabenje

EMS ewa obuyambi mu by'ekisawo mu kiseera kino nga wabaddewo ebizibu bingi. Mu byalo, gavumenti zisobola okuyingiza abantu mu byalo nnamba oba mu bifo eby'enjawulo.

Engeri y'Okuddukanya Ebintu n'Ebizibu

Ku mulembe gwa gavumenti, ebitongole ebikola ku mbeera nga Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) bitegeka ekibamba ekigwa tekirabika ku muzira, amataba ne musisi. FEMA esobozesa okufuna ssente ezikozesebwa okuteekateeka, okuzzaawo, n'okusobozesa okukendeeza, okukolagana ne gavumenti okuzimbira abantu abangi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, oluvannyuma lw'omuyaga Ian mu 2022, FEMA egabanyizibwa obuwumbi bwa doola n'obuwumbi ([[FL:0]FMA ensa n'okusobozesa ebiwayi by'omuyaga okugo n'ebifo ([FFLT:0]FM]FMA okuzimbira awamu n'okubudaabuda.

Obuyigirize 2.

Gavumenti, buli wamu n’abakulembeze ba buli kika, zitegeka era ziddukanya ebitongole ebitendeka abaana, abantu abakulu, basobole okuyiga n’okukulaakulanya obulungi emirimu gy’ensi.

Amasomero ga bonna K-12

Ebitundu ebibeera ku matendekero, ebiwagirwa ssente z'emisolo n'obuyambi bwa gavumenti, biddukanya amasomero ga gavumenti n'amatendekero ga siniya. Ebitongole bino byetaagisa okusobola okutuuka ku emitindo gya gavumenti egikwata ku ebyo ebisomebwa, ebiwa obuyigirize obwa basomesa, n'okutuukiriza omulimu gw'okukuza emirimu.Estary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), ebikkirizibwa nga buli muyizi Semishoni egoberera escrivements Act (ESA), biwandiika ssente okuwagira omulimu gw'essomero, era n'okulongoosa ebiva mu mulimu ebikolebwa.

Obuyigirize Obwa Waggulu

Gavumenti ne gavumenti zireesezza nnyo ssente mu misomo gya yunivasite. Enzijanjaba za gavumenti zifuna ssente okuva ku ntengo z'eggwanga eziyamba okukendeeza ku bunene bw'essente. Ate era, programu nga Pell Grants n'ebbanja z'abayizi zisobozesa obuwumbi n'obuwumbi bw'obuwumbi bw'amadaala okusobozesa obuyigirize obwa waggulu okutuuka ku buwumbi bwa doola z'Amerika okusasula obusukka mu buwumbi 20 buli mwaka ([Embaliji eya Cent ]).

Abakulu n’Okugenda mu Maaso

Gavumenti era ziwa abantu abakulu obuyigirize nga mw'otwalidde n'abo abasoma okusoma n'okusomera mu bitabo, emirimu, n'obuyigirize mu matendekero agakolerwa mu matendekero g'emirimu.Awunziko gusobozesa abantu okufuna ssente ezibasobozesa okuseesa omulimu oba okukola emirimu egitali gimu.

3. Okukulaakulana

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa enteekateeka z'eby'enfuna okukendeera. Bwe zitataba na makubo geesigika, nga tewabaddewo mitendera, siteegi, siteegi z'amazzi, n'enkola za Internet, n'eby'enfuna, n'ebintu ebya bulijjo okugootaanya.

Enguudo n’Amakubo Amanene

Mu 2021, ebitongole eby'entambula ey'omu kitundu n'eby'eggwanga biwagidde okuzimba n'okuddaabiriza enguudo, enguudo, ne bulobo. Gavumenti ewaayo ssente okuyitira mu Highway Trust Fund, ereetebwawo emisolo gy'amafuta. Mu 2021, empandika ey'entambula n'ejooza z'omulimu bikkirizibwa okusobozesa abantu okutambula obutwale obugereke, obubaanyi obugazi bwa n'okuteekako antinsi (USDOTT - Infractive Lawractive Law) Lawrimu ekkirizibwa okuzzawo ewanjula essukko ekbuyonjo eriva mu bibuga nga Los Angeles.

Eby’entambula

Gavumenti zikozesa emikutu gya bbaasi, eggaali y'omukka empanvu, n'eggaali z'omukka okusobozesa abantu okugula ebintu ebibalingu okutegeera.'Emirimu ng'egyo egikozesebwa mu New York, egikolera ku siteegi ezisukka mu bukadde 5 giraga nti abantu basobola okutambula nga bwe kiteetaagibwa, era nti eggaali z'omukka ezitambula mu Amerika zisobola okwongera ku buwagizi obwa bulijjo.

Amazzi n’Ebitundu Ebikozesa Amazzi Okukyamola

Okufuna amazzi ag'okunywa n'okuddaabiriza ebizimbe by'obuyonjo, mulimu gwa gavumenti. Ebitundu ebikola ku buyonjo mu bitundu ebya bulijjo, ebizingirwa mu bantu, ebijjanjaba n'okugaba amazzi, okukuŋŋaanya n'okugolola n'okugolola amazzi agakyafu, era n'okukwata ebiddukanya ebiddukanya amazzi. Environmental Protection Agement (EPA) essaawo emitindo egiyamba omuntu okunywa obulungi n'okusobozesa ennyunge z'amazzi okugobererwa mu n'okugoonzi ez'okugobererwa. Mu FLInt, Michigan, gavumenti yalemererwa okuleetawo obuzibu, ne gavumenti ne k'ekola enteekateeka ez'okuzza obutundutundubwa obukola mu kifo kya bidibabi n'okuzza obubeebuzi obw'obuyonjo. ().

Ennungu ku Internet

Mu kyasa ekya 21, amasannyalaze geeyambisibwa mu kuteeka ssente mu kifo eky'omu byalo ne mu bifo ebikuumibwa ennyo Internet. Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa programu esobozesa okuteeka mu nfuna mu maka agatafuna ssente nnyingi. Enteekateeka y'omulimu ey'okukuba akakwakkulizo ewandike era ewaayo ne ku kuzimba ebizimbe ebya bbulu mu bitundu ebyesudde.

Okujjanjabibwa

Gavumenti eyeenyigira mu by'obujjanjabi ekola nga enteekateeka ezigattiddwa ez'okukugira, eza yinsuwa, n'ez'eby'obulamu. Ekigendererwa kwe kukakasa nti abantu bonna basobola okufuna obujjanjabi obwetaagisa ng'ate abantu bakuumibwa ku ndwadde.

Eby’Obujjanjabi

Ekitongole ekirabirira endwadde (C) kiyamba amawanga okumanyisa oba okubaako kye gakolawo nga wazzeewo endwadde, nga kinoonyereza ku ngeri gye ziziyizamu endwadde. Mu kawumpuli w'ekibiina CDC agaba enkola nga yeekakasa, okugolola, okugobererwa, n'obulagirizi ku by'obulamu.

Eddwaliro ne Buladi

Gavumenti nnyingi ezirina amalwaliro n'ebitongole eby'eby'obulamu ebiwa obuyambi ka kibe nti omulwadde asobola bulungi okusasulira. Ebitongole bino eby'okwerinda byetaaga nnyo naddala eri abantu abafuna obusente obutono, abagula ku ddwaliro, n'abo abalina ebyetaago eby'enjawulo. Ekitongole ky'eby'obulamu mu Amerika kiwagira enkola y'obulwadde bw'abantu abasukka mu 1,400 okuyamba abalwadde abawerera ddala obukadde nga 30 okwetooloola U.S.

Programu za Nsuwalensi y’Obulwadde

Gavumenti zikola enteekateeka za insuwalensi ez'eby'obulamu okusobola okubunyisa. Ago gaasabibwa okuwa insuwalensi bannamukadde n'abantu abalina obulema, ate nga Medicaid akuuma abantu abafuna ssente ntono era n'ab'omu maka. Affordble Care Act (ACA) yatandikawo obutale n'eby'ensimbi za gavumenti okusobozesa insuwalensi okubeeranga ennumeeza esingayo obulungi.

5. Obukuumi bw’Ennansi

Okukuuma obutonde kyeyongera okuba eky’obuvunaanyizibwa eri gavumenti ng’ebibiina biyolekagana n’okwonoonebwa kw’obutonde, enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’obudde, n’okufiirwa obutonde bw’ebika eby’enjawulo.

Okukyusa Ebiri mu Bintu Ebikyafu

Ekitongole EPA kyateekawo etteeka erikugira empewo n'amazzi okugootaanya empewo n'ebintu ebirala ebiyinza okukomya empewo n'amazzi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 2023, ekitongole EPA kyawa abafuzi b'omukitundu ky'omukino ne mu ggwanga ekikola ku by'obwijijiji, kiba kiwa obudde obuyinza ku b'obuwere obusobola okukendeeza ku mbeera z'omuyaga. Ekitongole ekyo era kilabirira okuyonja n'okuyonja kasa waafu w'obutwa mu nkola y'ekitongole ekyo. Mu 2023, ePA ekwanjufu y'ewandikiro ekiwandikiro ekiwandikiddwawo ekiva ku kaboni omukka oguva ku maanyi agava mu bimera ne ku n'ebimera ebikola obulala enkyukakyuka mu n'obudde.

Programu ez’Okuzikuuma

Gavumenti ezifuga ebifo byonna ezirabirira ettaka, ebibamba, obuddukiro bw'ebisolo n'ebifo ebirala ebikuumibwa.National Park Service era era alabirira ebifo 423 ebisukka mu 0,5,000,000, ebikuuma obusika bw'ebitonde n'eby'obuwangwa. Gavumenti zikola ebifo ebya kiraga nti obutonde bw'ensi bye busobola okuteeka mu bifo ebya kiragala, ebitebenkera obutonde, n'ebifo ebisangibwa mu bibuga ne bisobozesa okwesanyusaamu n'okulongoosa ku mbeera y'empewo. Empunda y'okutebenkera n'eby'amafuta ebiva ku n'okuvaamu gaafunjaafunjaafu.

Enkola za Amaanyi Eziyinza Okuzzibwa

Gavumenti zitumbula amaanyi amayonjo okuyitira mu kukaka abantu okusasula emisolo, n'okulagira. Ago gakubiriza abantu okutongoza amaanyi g'enjuba nga ziganya bizineesi ne nnannyini nnyumba okusussako omuwendo gwa gramune. Eggwanga nnyingi zirina enzivuunvu z'amasannyalaze ageetaagisa okukolamu amasannyalaze okuva ku nfuna eziba zizze zikolebwamu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekigendererwa kya California ku masannyalanti 100% zero carbon mu mwaka gwa 2045.

6. Engeri y’eby’enfuna

Gavumenti zirina kinene kye zikola mu kukuuma eby’enfuna ebitebenkevu, ng’eno zifuga, era nga ziwagira obuwagizi mu by’enfuna, zikola ku mirimu, ebbeeyi y’ebintu, era nga zikuuma abaguzi n’obusuubuzi obw’omu butaka.

Okusolooza Omusolo n’Okuyiibwa

Emisolo gye gisinga okusobozesa gavumenti okusasula ssente. Emisolo egiva mu gavumenti gisasula emisolo, emisolo, emisolo, emisolo gy'amakompuni, n'ebiwandiiko by'emisolo, eby'obutebenkevu, n'eby'okwerinda. Era emisolo gisobola okukozesebwa okuleetawo enkukanya y'empisa, gamba ng'emisolo egitali gimu egikwata ku ssigala n'omwenge.

Okukyusa Ebizimbe

Ebitongole ebikola ku by'obulyi bw'enguzi bikakasa nti bizineesi zikolera mu ngeri ey'obwenkanya. Kampuni ezikola ku by'obulyi bw'enguzi zikola ku kampuni ezikugira obukumpanya. Ate era ekitongole kya Federal Trade Commission ewa abaguzi amateeka agakwata ku kusasula ab'omukono n'obukuumi. Ekitongole kya Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) kissaawo emitindo egigobererwa emirimu okukendeeza ku bubenje n'obulwadde.

Okunyweza Eby’Eby’Eby’Eby’Obugagga

Mu by'enfuna nga biba bya bwewagguzi, gavumenti zireeseteerawo okukendeeza ku misolo, okusasula obusolo, ne ssente ezisaasaanyizibwawo ne gavumenti, okusobola okuwewula ebyetaago n'okuteekawo emirimu. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act eya 2009 yafuka doola obuwumbi bwa doola z'Amerika 311 mu by'enfuna oluvannyuma lw'obuvuzi bw'obuyambi bwa Great Recession. Gye buvuddeko awo, anti y'obuyambi obwa Act n'empandika z'obuyambi ebibadde biweebwayo mu kawumpuli z'omulembedde COVID, ebikolerwako, n'ab'ab'amakanisa.

7. Ebirowoozo by’Abantu

Gavumenti ziyamba abantu n’amaka atalina bukuumi, ziyamba abantu okufuna ebyetaago era zibayamba obutaweebuula.

Obuyambi bw’Emmere

Mu 2023, SNAP yayamba abantu abasukka mu bukadde 41 nga bakolera wamu n'ebbaluwa eyitibwa doola z'Amerika 86 buli muntu. Ekiragiro kya Special Consolation Program ewa abakazi, infalts, n'eky'abaana (WiC) kisobozesa amaka agafuna emmere n'ebika by'abantu ebitonotono okugula emmere.

Obuyambi mu Kuzimba

Gavumenti ziteeka mu buwaŋŋanguse obutonotono ebifo ebiyinza okufunibwa abapangisa abatonotono nga zigoberera programu gamba nga House Locality Vouchers ('Essociation 8) n'ebitongole ebikola ku kuzimba amayumba. Ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu Urban Development kikubiriza programu zino, eziyamba amaka agasukka mu bukadde 5. Gavumenti era ziragira abantu obutasaasaasaanyawo nga bagoberera enkola ez'okwerinda okuteeka mu bwangu obubenje era n'ebisawo ebisobozesa okuzzaawo amangu.

Yinsuwalensi y’Ebbula ly’emirimu n’Obukuumi bw’Abantu

Mu lukukusa lw'emirimu, insuwalensi y'emirimu ewa obuyambi obw'akaseera obuseera abakozi ababa bafiiriddwa emirimu gyabwe nga tebafuddeyo nsobi.

8. Okulwanirira Enkalo n’Enkolagana mu Nsi Zonna

Okukuuma eggwanga okuva ku bintu ebiyinza okuteeka ensi mu kabi n’okukuuma emirembe gyo, buvunaanyizibwa bwa gavumenti okusobola okutandikawo emirimu egyo, era nga kino kyetaagisa abajaasi ba maanyi, abagezi, n’okukolagana n’abalala.

Amagye

Ekitongole ky'eby'obujaasi kirabirira amagye ne gaba nga gaba ku magye zzaabu zzaabu (Army, Navy, amagye g'eby'ennyonyi, amagye gaalwana mu magye ga ne Space For. Abajaasi ba Amerika abasukka mu bukadde 1,3, era bakuuma obuwagizi okusobola okubeesaawo mu nsi yonna.

Omulimu gw'obusobozi bw'amagezi

Ebitongole ebinoonyereza ku ntessi gamba nga Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) ne National Security Agency (NSA) bikuŋŋaanya era ne beekenneenya ebikwata ku ngeri y'okumanyamu ebiyinza okuteeka obulamu bw'eggwanga mu kabi. Biwa amagezi agayamba okumanyisa okukolebwa kw'amagye. Office of the Desidentirity of National Intelligence kikolera wamu n'ebibiina 18 okukakasa nti enkola ez'okusalawo ku by'amagezi.

Obuyambi Obutali bwa Kika

Enteekateeka z'okuteekateeka obutongole bwa gavumenti zikola endagaano, zitumbula obuwagizi, era ne zikola n'ebintu ebirala mu nsi endala.

Olugero: gavumenti Ze Ntegeka

Ebyokulabirako ebiri mu kitundu kino biraga engeri gye kiri eky'amaanyi okukola ku buvunaanyizibwa bwa gavumenti. Gavumenti zituukiriza emirimu emikulu egisobozesa abantu okutuuka ku buzibu bw'eby'obulamu n'obuddukiro mu nsi yonna. Obuvunaanyizibwa buno tebukoma kuddawo. Olwo nkyukakyuka empya mu mbeera z'obudde, ebikalu, endwadde, n'ebibiina. Okufuga okw'ebbeeyagaza kukwetaagisa okulabibwa, okuvunaanibwa, n'okwegattika obulagirwamu mu bantu. Mu kutegeera engeri obuvunaanyizibwa buno gye bukolebwamu, abatuuze mu nsi basobola bulungi okulaba oba engeri enkola za gavumenti gye zikolamu era n'eyambisibwamu enkola esobozesa abantu okukola obulungi emirimu egikola obulungi.