Ebibinja by'abalonde mu Amerika byewalirizibwa nnyo ebiva ku kulonda, naye nga byenyigiddeko wamu n'ekitundu ekyokusatu birina kinene kye bikoze mu kusobozesa abalonde okulonda n'okunyumya n'ebyobufuzi. Wadde nga bawangudde nnyo okufuna obutongole obw'amaanyi, okubeerawo kwabwe ku b'ekibiina ekinene okugonjoolerawo ensonga, okukyusa engeri ez'okulonda, era n'enkaayanaago ezikwata ku ku ku kukyusa nsibuko y'eby'ebyafaayo, ebizibu ebijjawo mu ku buwandiike era n'obubonero obw'amaanyi obuva ku kwemalirira okw'okwemalirira n'abantu ab'ekitundu, nga beeyambisa ebyokulabirako ebikulu n'ebyo ebibaddewo okuva mu byafaayo by'ebyamerika.

Ebyafaayo Ebikwata ku Ddentinti ne Kussoath Pandix

Enteekateeka eno ey'ebitundu ebibiri ebadde y'ensonga y'emu ey'amaanyi mu bya bufuzi mu Amereka okuva mu nsi eyo eyasooka. Wadde nga yasimizibwa okuva mu myaka gya 1850, wabaddewo ebibiina ebirala ebigezesa embeera y'ekiwayirwa, nga bigezaako okuwakanya enkola y'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nsi ezimu.

Emyaka egy’Okusatu egy’Ekyasa Ekyasooka (Ekyasa eky’Ekyasa eky’Ekkumi n’Ekyasa)

[[NTL:0] Anti-Masonic Party kye kibiina ekisooka eky'okusatu, ekyassa essira ku busosoze mu bibiina eby'omubugwanjuba. Yatandikawo enkola ey'okukwata enkuŋŋaana ennene ez'eggwanga, obulombolombo oluvannyuma obwagobererwa ebibiina ebikulu. [[FL:2] Souril [[FL:3]] Kitundu eky'Awatukira [188:854] era kyaziyiza obuddu mu bitundu byabugwanjuba bwabwe, ne buwagira obukiikakkono bwonna obw'ebukiikakkono bwa Democrats ne Whigs. Waddewo tewasobozesa nkumbula bukulu, obutundu obusinga okuggya enkanyi n'okuzibyawunzi . Ekyokulabirako ekirala kyali kiyitibwa Party [Foctive][5][5][9][9][9]

Emikolo gy’Ekyasa eky’Okusatu

[[NTL: 0] Ekika ekigo ekifuukamu obuwagizi (12]), ekikulembedde omukulembeze w'ekika kya Theodore Roosevelt, kye kimu ku kaweefube ow'okusatu. Roosevelt yaggyawo ekika ky'ekika kya Republican William Howard Taft, yawangula 27% ku kivvuunukizo kya bavvuzi n'abavvuzi 88. [1] , wadde yafiirwa Democratewoodwood Wilson, “Bull Mooce"", [1] [1] Ekiragiro kyayakazi ensuffge, essaawa munaana ez'okujjuza, ne antintiririisaamu ezisinga obungi ez'ebitongole ebigenda mu bitundu ebitaano ebisaawuliddwamu mu lukalala, era ne mu ngeri y'envumbo. [1998], ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekipya kiyinza okunnyonnyola enva mu , envanyunzivuvuvuvuulira mu , ebivanyuma okusobozesa okusobozesa okuziganya okusobozesa okukuba

Ebizibu Bye Tufuna nga Tubifuna nga Tuwaliriziddwa Andereya ne Kampuni ez’Okubiri

Abo abeetongodde era n'abo abalina ekitundu ekyokusatu boolekagana n'ensalo ezibalemesa okuwangula obutongole. Obuzibu buno tebugwa butaka mu butanwa; busibuka ku mateeka n'emitendera ebifuga ebibinja bibiri ebikulu.

Etteeka Likwata ku Kutuuka ku Buwanguzi

Buli ggwanga lissaawo amateeka gaalyo ku bikwata ku kutuuka ku mukutu, era bangi bateekawo amateeka mangi okusabiriza, okusasulira, n'okussaawo ebiseera. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 2020, omu ku bapresidenti ab'ekitundu ekyokusatu yeetaaga siginaanyi nga 300,000 okulabika ku mukutu mu masaza gonna 50, omulimu ogugula nkumi na nkumi za doola. Emirimu nga Texas, Georgia, ne Ohio girina amateeka agatataddewo n'enjawulo, nga gagalaasaba omuteesiteesi okukuŋŋaanya omuwendo gwa gernerneriary essage personarient. Emirimu gino ginonda gikolebwa okukendeereza obufunvuzi obwa granti ezisembayo naye nga ze zisobola okugyewasiza ddala abo abatalina ssente mu bitongole. Okusinziira ku [FOLD: 0]

Eby’Enjawulo

Abo abeetongodde mu kalulu ak'enjawulo baganyulwa mu mikutu egikola ku kulonda ssente, PCs, ne ku nkola za gavumenti ezisinga obungi ezitabaamu bitundu bisatu. Ekiragiro kya frederal Ecount Commission kitwala abawagizi nga 5 ku buli kikumi mu kalulu eyakolebwa edda okusobola okufuna ssente z'okulonda abantu bonna. Abo ababa bagenda okulonda, omukutu gwa basingako waggulu. Mu 2020, Trump ne Biden baakuza kaweyiti nga doola z'obuwumbi 4.1, ng'ate abayitibwa Libericerne Jo Jorgesen balimu doola ng'obukadde 1,200.

Ebifulumira mu Bifulumiramu n’Okulabibwa kwa Bannamukadde

2016 Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ab'ekitongole kya Berkman Klein Center ku Harvard kwakizuula nti okukuba obulango ku mikutu gy'amawulire mu kulonda okw'ensi yonna tekukyaliwo, era nga kusinga kukebera bannannyini mabala ga mbala ssatu ag'embalaasi okusobola okumanya obanga ddala “matabaaliro ga nnukuta. Bwe bajjukirwa, bajjukirwa mu ddoboozi erisoosa obusatu oba erivumirira. Olwo nti tewabaawo bantu abeetabangawo ku mataba ga mirundi esatu kugiteeka mu kalonda, era kino kiyongera nti abagenda kugijjukirirako emirundi esatu tebasobola kutegeera obanga ddala kye bavuddemu.

Endowooza n’Emboozi

Oboolyawo ekiyinza okuba nga kye kiremesezza ekyo kye kisinze okuba eky'amaanyi. Endowooza nti okulonda omuntu eyeetongodde oba ekitundu ekyokusatu “kwali kwakolebwa.” Mu kuwangula enkola yonna ey'okulonda, abavvuoti tebaagala kuwagira omunyaze alabika ng'atasobola kuwangula, nga batya nti akalulu ke kajja kusobozesa okulonda omuwagizi omukulu asinga obuteefiirayo. Okulonda kuno okw'enkola kujja kunywezebwa ebibiina ebikulu era okw'ebyuma eby'a mampunga ne poundansit'okulonda. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu kuvwoooti eya pulezidenti eya 2000, Ralph Nader Nader 2.7% yafuna olulu y'eggwanga, ate bangi Democrates baats baalumiriza Al Gore nga bawanvuumye mu Florida. Oba nga si kye kibadde kituufu, ensonga eyo egguddewo etwalibwa mu n'okunoonyereza kwa bannaawuga z'obuvuzi.

Emboozi y’Eby’obufuzi n’Ebyo by’Okwesalirawo

Wadde nga waliwo okusobeza kuno, abo ababa bagenda okulonda oba abali mu kitundu ekyokusatu bavunaanyizibwa.

Okukyusa Omutindo gw’Ekiseera eky’Edda

Abagenda mu kifo eky'okusatu bassa essira ku nsonga ezitatwalibwa ng'enkulu. Ek'okussa essira ku nkyukakyuka z'embeera y'obudde mu matandika ga 2000 kyayamba okukakaatika enkola y'obutonde ku nkola y'obudde ku democratic mapuali. Mu 1992 Ross Perot essira ku kubula kw'ensi ya gavumenti nga kw'akakasizza Bill Clinton ne George H.W. Bush okufulumya ekizimbe eky'ebibanja bya Libertarbarian Party okufulumya enzikwa y'enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka z'embeera y'obudde. Ekiragiro ekitongole eky'eby'ebyobufuzi kisalawo nti enzivvuunuzi kisobozesa abafuzi b'enjaga okuzza enziji, okuzza obukkulembedde mu ku by'obufuzi ne ku buwandikiro. Ekibinja ky'okusatu kikoze ku kwe kiwagidde mu ku ku ku kugabano y'obululu obw'obululu obwa kawero, nga bagobeegobeegobeeyambi ez'enkola ku ku ku ku ku ku ku ku ku ku kugooka.

Ebiva mu Kufukirira

Mu kulonda okw'amaanyi, abo abagenda okulondebwa mu bitundu bisatu bayinza okukyusa ekiva mu kulonda okwava ku omu ku omu ku abo abagenda okulonda. Kino kisinga okuba eky'amaanyi singa omu ku abo abatwala ekitundu eky'okusatu bategeeza ekiwagidde obuwagizi obw'ekika ekimu ekikulu. Obubonero buzingiramu Ralph Nader mu 2000 (ekiyinza okuba nga kyatuusibwako ssente ez'amaanyi mu kulonda), Jill Stein mu 2016 (ebiro bya njawulo ku buyinza bwe obw'enkola mukitundu kimu eky'okusatu), ne George Wallace mu 1968 (okukuba akalulu ak'okuteesiteesiyo). Wadde nga omuyinjabiro gw'ebyo ebitera okukolebwakoba nga kye kyeraliikiriza ekiva mu bibiina ebisatuunyirimu n'okulonda obunene.

Okunyigirizibwa Ebibiina

Abagenda okulonda mu bitundu ebyokusatu nabo basobola okuleetera obululu okusattulukuka nga beeyawula ku bamemba abanene. Mu 1992, kaweefube wa Ross Perot yawa amaanyi obukadde n'obukadde bw'abavwoota abaali basigadde mu maka gaabwe, era kino kye kyaleetera abakulonda aba waggulu ennyo okulonda mu myaka nga 57.9 ku buli kikumi ku bantu abali mu kibiina ekinoonyezaamu obululu mu kiseera kino. Mu ngeri y'emu, Libertarian era ne Green aw'okugenda mu maaso, kyasikiriza abato abalonda n'abo abeetaagalira ddala enkola y'ebyobufuzi. Okwegatta kuno okw'emirembe kuyinza okuba n'obuwanguzi obuwerako, wadde ng'ekibiina ekyokusatu tekiwangula.

Ebitongole Ebinoonyezebwa mu Ngeri Etayinza Kuzuulibwa ne mu Nsi ey'Okusatu

Bwe twekenneenya kaweefube oyo, tulaba engeri abantu gye basobola okukozesaamu obusobozi bwabwe n’ebintu ebirala.

Ross Perot (1992, 1996)

Ross Perot, munnabizineesi omukumi na buwumbi, yawangula 18.9% ku kaweefube ow'ekika kya Reform Party namine mu 1996. Kaweefube gwe ow'omwaka 1992 yamalira doola z'obuwumbi 60 ku ye, okumusobozesa okugula ebirooto ebiwerako ebiwerako, n'okuddukanya entegeka y'eggwanga lyonna. Yawangula 18.9% ku kalulu akategesiro akasingayo obulungi okuva ku Theodore Rooselt mu 1912. Akakwak'awuka ka Perot'ayongerako ebbanja y'eggwanga lyonna, era yakozesa ebipande ebiteebuzi ebyangu ebimala ekiseera ekiwanvu ennyo okunnyonnyola ebiva mu ku ku kukolebwa kw'ekitongole ekyo. Mu 1996, yaweebwa awonera ddala 8.4 ku ku kulonda, naye mu kusosola kwa Burtywo oluvanyuma lw'okumanyisa.

Ralph Nader (2000, 2004, 2008)

Mu 2008, kaweefube we 2000, ow'okuwagira enkola ya Consumer yaddukanya Green Party naminee, era nga yeetongodde mu 2008. Kaweefube gwe eya 2000 yakwata ku buyinza bwa kampuni, okukuuma obutonde, n'obujjanjabi bw'ensi yonna. Yafuna 2.74% ku buvvuoti mu Florida, gavumenti yasalawo nga 537 bakuba akalulu. Nader ass yakiinako as as 97,000. Okusoota kwa Nader “yafusebwa” okulonda Al Gore. Nader kennyini yawakanya ensonga zino, nga bwe kyali kisokereza ku nsonga endala mu Bush. Ggye n'omuwendo gwa Democratic Court eyakuba obululudemocratic Revices, eyawatule mu kifo eky'okusoogoma. Okusoondekaa kwa Nader ow'okusatu, yateeka obujuliziganya ku nsonga y'ensonga ya Naderda mu kaweediyo munganyanganyanganyanganyanganya na na pertertootessar 4200 ne ku nsonga endala munganyanganya

Jesse Ventura (1998)

Jesse Ventura, eyali omuyivu mu kuddukanya empaka z'e Navy, ye yali omuzannyi mu kampuni y'ekika kya Reformation Party mu Minnesota mu 1998. Bwe yasiba ekirango ku bavvunnantala ababiri ab'ebikaawumbi ebinene, yasala kaweefube ku kipande kya bannalukalala, eky'okwefunira eddembe erya waggulu mu bantu, era n'enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti. Yawangula 37% ku mpaka z'abavvuzi mu mpaka ez'essatu, ng'awangula Republican ne Democraticment mu kinnamateeka. Okuwangula kwa Ventura kwalaga nti omuntu ow'ekitundu eky'ekitundu mu ggwanga erimu okuvuganya ennyo. Gavana, yawangula omusolooza omusolooza omusolo ogw'enkaaweredde mu ggwanga eri'enkalakkalira era n'enkola ye kennyini ey'enkyukakyuka mu ku ku ku ku ku kukulaakulana kweyolekera mu ku ku kuyingira mu bya kaweefube w'eby'eby'eby'eby'eby'eby'eby'eby'obufuzi.

Ekifo ky’Emizannyo Egya Satu mu Kuzza Obuggya

Nga bavudde ku kaweefube omulala, bannassaawa basaze emabega, babadde bakola nga balaboola enkola eziyinza okukkirizibwa oluvannyuma. Ebbeeyi y'ekibiina kya Populist ekyetaagisa okusasula omusolo n'okulonda ab'abalonde ab'omusenalaanye enkola y'enkola eya bulijjo mu 1913. Ekika kya Socialist Party Party kyatandika okukomya omulimu ogw'okumala essaawa munaana, insuwalansi, enkola y'obuteeze, n'obutebenkenkerako ne kampuni ez'okwerinda mu by'obulamu, byagobeetaawewa ne biwandikirwa bya New Deacration. Okusinziira ku [F:] CenterPFFF1], eddembe ly'eby'obujjanjabi n'okuyingiza mu by'obuvuzi obupya, n'okugobenjebereberty protection Redial Requences, bakyuttentiss ne bak'ensonga endala empya, nga bawanjula ne banna ebitongole ebippya.

Okukyusa Endowooza n’Ebinaabaawo mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso

Obumalirivu bw'abo abeetongodde obugazi era n'obw'okusatu, buviiriddeko okuteekawo ekiteeso eky'okulondamu. .RCUM-choced vvototion[[KALUN], kati ekozesebwa mu Maine, Alaska, ne kalonda wa gavumenti nnyingi, kisobozesa abavvuunulizi okuteeka mu kifo eky'abo ababa bagenda okugenda okulonda. Mu kifo kya 20CV, singa tewali muteesi w'asembayo agiteekako assooteebwa, era n'alonda ne bakkirizibwa. Enteekateeka eno ekendeeza “ekizibu eky'okugoba” kubanga ekiva mu kawumbirwamu kiyinza okusobozesa okulonda ekintu eky'okusatu. Mu kifo nga mu 2020, mu kiwandikiro kyonna, era ne mu Demotacratic Certo mu nkola ey'enjawulo mu Ryans Republican, mu ngeri y'emu, ebitongole ebirala ebiyinza okukkirizibwamu.[2] Kino kiyinza okukolebwamu okukolebwamu: [ethebwa k'okugigibwa mu ngeri endala:

Ekiragiro kino kiteekawo n'obutundutundu bw'ebifo ebisaasaanyizibwa mu mitendera egikendeezebwako emigwa egitakkirizibwa ku bantu, nga kisobozesa n'ebifo eby'okussaawo enzigambo ez'enjawulo ebya gavumenti okuteekebwawo, era nga kiteekateeka okuteeka mu kifo eky'okuteekamu enkola eza bulijjo mu kifo kya bya ssemateeka. Fairvote] Fairvote[ agamba nti enkyukakyuka ng'ezo ziyinza okwongera okulonda omuteesoozesenziko n'okuddowo olusingako. Kyokka, enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi ziyinza okuzizingirwamu ebiva mu bibiina bibiri ebikulu ebigasaaganyuddwa mu nteekateeka eno.

Emitendera gya Independent n'Egy'okusatu

Mu 2010 ne 2020, kaweze ak'aw'okusatu, kasaze. Akatundu kabuuzizza emirundi mingi nga 1-3% mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti, ne Gary Johnson n'awangula 3.3% mu 2016. Akatundu ak'omu Galaaya kayolekaganye n'ebizibu eby'amaanyi naye kasigala nga kakola ku kigero kya waggulu. Mu 202020, “abasinga obungi, nga Kanyee West, bagezaako okufuna ekibangirizi, wadde nga abasinga obungi. Ekyakula, eky'enkula kyago kyago, kikkiriza abantu abanoonya obuganzi, okulekawo abakuumi, okukuza ssente, n'okuzimba ebizimbi nga banoonya ebizimbi nga banoonya obutereke, ennyunzivu, ne mu ngeri y'oketokke, ne mu ngeri endala ey'okwefunira ekya waggulu, ekitongole kya kaweromenti, ekiwa w'enkola zza enneririririri:[Fokk

fundikira

Ku abo abeeyita abalawuli ne bannassaayansi si bakulu nnyo mu kulonda mu Amerika. Ebyafaayo bikulu nnyo okuleetawo ensonga empya mu kifo eky'okukulembera, okuleetera abapangisa obutuuti obw'enjawulo okuteekawo essomero. Obuzibu obwabwe mu nteeka-ofissisko.[1] Bballet'aw'amateeka okuteeka mu nviiri za gavumenti, okusaasaanya ensalo, eby'amampuku, n'okubuusabuusa nti tekikyali kya maanyi. Wabula, obutasiima obutuufu n'enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa ku nsonga za Amerika, kiyinza okusobozesa abo abaagala okuzikolamu ebyo, n'okuzikolamu ebiteekusiike eby'okuzibya. Ebitongole bya politiki bwe bigenda bikyukakyuka, obwegasse mu kifo eky'okukebeebiri eky'okubuuza ebibuuzo, nga baddibigaasa ebiba bisigala mu kifo kyabyo. Ebitongole eby'okunoonyereza mu kifo eky'okukyusiza mu kifo eky'okumanyibwa ennyo eky'okunoonyereza ekiri mu Amelika.