Ekitongole 26 ekiwerera ddala ekiwandiikiddwa mu Julayi 1971, kye kimu ku ebyo ebivaako ennyo okukyusiza ddala mu byafaayo bya Amerika. Nga bakendeeza emyaka gy'okulonda okuva ku 21 okutuuka ku 18 mu ggwanga lyonna, eby'eggwanga, ne ku kulonda okw'omu kitundu, okuweza abavubuka obukadde nga 11 mu Amerika. Okukyusa kwalina ensibuko y'obuwayinja obwaka ennyo mu ggwanga. Okukolagana okwo kuyinza okuba nga mu kukolagana okw'ekiseera ekiwanvu ennyo mu byafaayo bya Amereka, okukendeeza emyaka egiwera ku ku kutuukiriza ebbyalwawo, okugoba olutalo lwa Vietnam, era n'okukuba obuto n'okukaka abakungu ba mateeka okumenya empi okutaasa obumenyekanya: singa emyaka 18-ebiri gisobola okulongoolesa era n'okutta eggwanga lyabwe, lwaki tebayinza kutwala bakulunziro ababatutte mu ngeri y'okumanyisa ensonga? Okutegeera ensonga ezikwata ku by'enkyukakyuka mu byafaayo by'amateeka, n'ebyo ebitongole ebitongole ebibalukawombe ebiba bibaamu okumanyibwa mu mateeka mu Ame.

Ebyafaayo n’Emizannyo gy’Abavubuka Abasooka

Okukakaatika okukendeeza ku myaka gy'okulonda tegyatandika mu lutalo olw'e Vietnam. mu kyasa ekya 19, ekiseera eky'okulonda kumpi kyatandika mu nsi yonna ku myaka 21 — obulombolombo obwasikirwa etteeka lya Bungereza eryasibuka mu myaka 21 olw'enkizo ez'eby'obukungu n'okwetongozaamu mu mateeka. Kyokka, endowooza egamba nti abo abaali abakulu ekimala mu by'okulonda baagenda mu maaso ne bakuba akalulu mu Ssematalo II ne mu ggwanga lya Korea. Mu kiseera ky'olutalo II, Prezidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt yalowooza nti abantu abakuze baalina emyaka 21 basobole okukendeereza ku n'okulonda obululu, naye olutalo olwo lwalina okuba nga lwokkana.

Mu 1940 ne 1950, gavumenti nnyingi zaatwala obuteesiteesi obw'akabonero okusobozesa omulembe gw'okulonda okukendeeza ku mulembe gw'okulonda naye tewaaliwo kakwate ka maanyi. Endowooza eyo yakulaakulanyizibwa mu kiseera kya Ssematalo Korea bwe yaddamu okusindika abantu okugenda mu lutalo olw'emyaka 18 ne 19 mu lutalo. Georgia yafuuka eggwanga eryasooka okukendeeza emyaka gya kulonda ne gituuka ku 18 kyokka mu 1943. Ebikolwa bino byalaga nti endowooza eyo yali teteeberezebwa, naye tewaaliwo kukyusa mateeka ga gavumenti — ate nga n'okukyusa kwa gavumenti tekwali kukendeezebwa kwa maanyi.

Ng'abanyigiriza bannabyabufuzi mu Afirika nga bawaliriza bannabyabufuzi bannamerika okukkirizibwa mu by'obufuzi, abavubuka bangi beenyigidde mu kutuula obutuuti, okuvuga, okulonda, n'okukakala. Ebibiina gamba nga omuyizi wa Nonlivbold Coordinating Committence (SNC) n'omuyizi w'ekibiina kya Democratic Society (SS) bwe byasaba nti Abamerika baweebwa eddembe ery'okwenkanankanankanankana, abavubuka bangi beenyigidde mu by'obufuzi, nga beenyigidde mu kutuukiriza obusosoze obw'eggwanga, era nga basinziira ku myaka egy'okulonda obululu. Endowooza egamba nti abavubuka balina okubeera n'enkola eyakyusa obulamu bwabwe — obuweereza bwabwe obw'eby’eby’eby’enfuna ne kkookolopookolo.

Olutalo olw’e Vietnam Gavumenti Enjawulo

Singa entalo ezaaliwo mu masekkati ga New York zaaleetera abantu okulekera awo okunoonyereza ku kiseera eky'okulonda, olutalo olw'e Vietnam lwasobozesanga okukola eby'obufuzi okutta abantu. olutalo olwo lwongedde nnyo oluvannyuma lw'olutalo olwo mu 1964, era omwaka 1968 we gwatuukira, Amerika yalina amagye agasoba mu 500,000 mu bukiikaddyo bwa Asiya.

Ebigambo “nga bibadde bikulu nnyo okulwana, era nga bituuse n'okulonda” byafuuka nga bikubiriza ekibiina ekyaziyizanga olutalo olw'oku ttwale nga lwa kkono era nga lwa bulijjo. Bangi ensonga teyabakwatangako nga basinziira ku kyenkanyi kyokka, naye era nga baakiraga nti benkanankanankana. Singa abavubuka bawalirizibwa okuteeka obulamu bwabwe mu lutalo lwe bataalondawo, olwo baagwana okufuna eddoboozi mu nkola y'okwesalirawo ennuŋŋamu ereenya entalo ezo. Obunnanfuusi bwali tebuli bwa maanyi: emyaka 18 egy'okulu bwali busobola okufumbirwa, ne bakkirizibwa okusawo n'okasawamu, era ne bakkirizibwa okuteeka omukono mu kkooti ey'abamenyi b'amateeka — kyokka nga tebali bawagidde prezidanyezza mu nkola y'okulonda eyandimutuma okufa.

Mu 1970, baawakanya nnyo gavumenti y'Amerika olw'obulumbaganyi bw'ensi mu Cambodia era n'okukuba amasasi mu mwezi gwa 1967 ku Pentagon University ne ku kizimbe ky'obukalukujju ekya 1968, era ne bayizi ba yunivasite abaakwatibwa mu ggwanga lya Amereka ne baleetebwa okulonda.

Mu 1970, Polys yagamba nti, “abantu abasinga obungi mu Amereka baawagira mu kukendeeza emyaka gy'okulonda — si lwa kuba baali bataddewo obwesige mu baana, naye lwa kuba baali bakkiriza nti okuyingiza abantu mu ntegeka kyaleetawo okukontana mu mpisa. era ne Pulezidenti Richard Nixon eyali abuusabuusa abajaasi, yagamba nti“ abantu abasinga obungi mu magye balina okulonda abantu ababatuma okulwana.” Obufuzi bwali butuuse ku nsonga z'eby’obufuzi.

Entalo z’Omukago n’Ekkubo ery’Okuwummuza Omutima Gwa Yakuwa

Etteeka erikwata ku ddembe ly’obuntu eryayisibwa mu 1970

Mu 1970, bwe yali akyagazizza etteeka erikwata ku ddembe lya bantu, akakiiko akaayisa etteeka ery'okulonda kaayisa essomero eryali liteekeddwa ku nkola y'okulonda.

Mu Ogwokutaano 1970, kkooti enkulu yasala olukunkumuli lw'amateeka mu orgn v. Mitchell, omusango omuzibu ennyo. Kkooti, mu kusala okutalimu 5-4, yakkiriza nti Consert yalina obuyinza okussaawo ekiseera eky'okulonda mu kiseera kya gavumenti mu Kakiiko k'obukulembeze, Ekitundu 4 mu mateeka — kitegeeza emyaka 18 egy'emyaka ekyasobola okulonda pulezidenti ne Congress. Kyokka, kkooti yasalawo nti Consert terina buyinza kulonda myaka 5 ne ka detasting, era n'okulonda mu bitundu ebya bulijjo, kye kyava mu mawanga mangi, era tegayinza kulonda gavumenti 18 mu ngeri y'ensi yonna naye nga tegasobola kulonda gavumenti, oba okulondamu gavumenti y'ensi. Kkootikko yaasalawo nti gavumenti terina buyinza kuteekawo buyinza kulondamu mu nsonga y'okulondamu. Kyokka, omukulembeze w'etakkirizibwa okuteekawo mu kkooti y'enkola y'ebiragiro ate n'enkola y'enkola y'omulembedde mu mateeka.

Omutego Guteekebwawo

Nga wazzeewo akavuyo mu by'obufuzi era nga n'ekiseera eky'okulonda kyakusala mu ngeri etali ya bwenkanya, oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera kitono, Congress yateekawo ekiwandiiko ekyanditaddewo ekiwandiiko ekyanditaddewo ekiwandiiko eky'okulonda nga wa myaka 18 ku lukalala olwo. olukalala lw'abakungu ba gavumenti olw'enkola nga lwalina ekiteeso: omutindo gwa gavumenti gumu okusobola okuziyiza okutaasa okutaasa n'okulonda era n'okukakasa nti abavubuka bonna, kabe mu mbeera kiwandikiro ki, baalina eddembe lye limu. Senator Birch Bayh of Indiana, omulwanyi wa baseffgenta, yakulemberanga omukunguzi w'obukwasimu mu Semite. Ekitengo kya Ssembettendekero ekyategekebwa ku Maaki 10, 1971, era ne kuvvuunika ebinabiina 400 mu lupapula lw'eby'obufuzi.

Kaweefube ow’Okuyuza Ettaka

Ku mulundi lwe yateekateeka okutereeza ekiba kigenda okukolebwako, kyali kyetaagisa okusemba essira mu bitundu bisatu mu bina ebya gavumenti — mu kiseera ekyo, 38 ku 50. Sipiidi ku sipiidi yali teyaliwo. Abawagizi — nga mw'otwalidde n'abayizi ba siniya n'abasomi ba yunivasite, ebitongole ebigaba n'eby'eddembe ly'abantu n'ebibiina by'abannabyabufuzi — beegatta ku bwangu. Amakampuli g'eggwanga, agasinga obungi ku go gaali gamaze okukendeeza ekiseera eky'okulonda ku mapulintala, gaali geeyagaliza okugonjoola okusootaanya okwajjawo [[FL:0].

Nga Jjulaayi 1, 1971, amasaza 27 ge gaafuuka ekitundu ekya 38 ekya rayifyr, ng'emyezi egisukka mu ebiri oluvannyuma lw'okusindikibwa mu ggwanga. Omukulembeze wa gavumenti Nixon yakakasa nti embaga eterekebwa mu White House nga Jjulaayi 5, 1971, era yayitibwa “mark". mu Amerika demokulase. Ekiseera eky'okuzibya ennaku 100 — okuva nga Maaki 23 okutuuka mu Jjulaayi 1 — kikyasimbye mulembe gwa gavumenti.

Ekyokubiri, abavubuka abaali bagezaako okulonda abavubuka, abaali bateekateeka, nga beekalakaanya, era nga beeyongera okulonda, eby'obufuzi, ekyasatu, okutereeza embeera eyo kyatwalibwa ng'ekintu eky'obwenkanya era eky'akabonero n’eky’abo abaali babuusabuusa obuwagizi bw'ekitoffaali bw'abavubuka. Ekyokubiri, okupikirizibwa kwa bannabyabufuzi kwakolebwa abavubuka — baali bataddewo endagaano eyava ku bukuka ne mu bitundu bya Amerika eby'enjawulo.

Okukyusa Obufuzi bwa Bannabyabufuzi mu Amerika

Engeri Zokka ez’Ebyafaayo n’Ebyafaayo

Mu kiseera kye kimu, abateesiteesi ab'emyaka 18 okutuuka ku 20 baatongoza obukadde nga 11 abandibadde balondebwa okuva ku myaka 18 okutuuka ku 20. Mu 1972, okulonda kwa prezidenti, nga 55% ku buli kikumi mu myaka 18 okutuuka 24 ebya saluti nga bannakyewa, baatongoza omuwendo gw'abo ababadde bakuba akalulu. Wadde nga okweyongera kw'okulonda kwa bavubuka kwatandika, okusaasaanyiza wakati w'emyaka 18 ne 24 ne 24. Kyokka, abavunnaawunzi 26 ku buli kikumi bannamu ku myaka nga 40-45 ku buli kikumi mu kulonda bannabyabufuzi okusukka emyaka egisukka mu 2018, 2020, ne 20222, nga beeyongedde, okulonda n'okulonda mu ngeri ey'okukuba akalonda. Wadde nga engo z'eby’obufuzi 26 zijjulidde mu kifo eky'ensonga enkulu mu kifo eky'okuteekawo eky'okuteekawo obukulembeze, obutuufu ekitongole ekyo kyategekeddwa mu kifo ky'ebyobufuzi eby'obuvubinjabinjabi.

Enkyukakyuka ez’Amangu mu Bufuzi bwa Gavumenti

Olukiiko lwa 26 terwakyusa ani eyandirondedde akawererano n'enkola z'ebibiina. Abakulembeze b'eddiini baatandika okussaayo omwoyo ku nsonga ezikwata ku by'enjigiriza, nga mwe muli okusasula ssente z'abavubuka, obuwoowo bw'abayizi, obuweereza bw'eggwanga, n'eby'amagye. Ekkolero zaatwala ekifo ekikulu mu ntalo z'okulonda abawandiisi n'okufuna obuyambi. Okukyusa kwaleetawo ebibiina nga mu Sseach Public Instruction Actution Groups (PIRGS), Rock the Vote (yatandikibwawo mu 1990), era ne kudda mu nkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi bw'ekitongole Sun , byonna ebyakkirizibwa mu ku nteekateeka z'ebyobufuzi z'obuvubuka.

Ate era, mu kusalawo okw'omukaaga, okugattika aka 26 kwassaawo ekyokulabirako ku ngeri y'okugaziwa kw'enkola y'okulonda. Omusingi gwe gumu ogw'okulonda tegulina kugaana kusinziira ku myaka egy'obukadde. Oluvannyuma gwassibwa mu kunoonyereza okusobozesa abantu 16 okutuuka ku myaka 16 (nga bwe kibadde mu bibuga ebitono). Wadde nga mu mateeka tegalina kulongoosebwa nnyo emyaka 16 egy'obukulu, okugakyusa kwa 26 ku mateeka tekutwalibwa ng'eggwanga, wabula, okubeerawo kw'obutebenkenkevu 26 kusobozesa okukubawo obulango obwo okuteekawo enteekateeka entuufu era n'obugunjubavu mu mateeka.

Byeyongera Okuyiga mu Kiseera Kino

Emyaka egisukka mu ataano oluvannyuma lw'okutandika okulonda, olukalala olw'ekkumi n'omukaaga olw'Emitendo, n'olw'ensonga ey'obwenkanya, olukalala lw'ebitongole ebikola ku nkyukakyuka z'eddiini, lusobola okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka. Naye era tekikyali kya byafaayo. Era kituukirawo mu mpaka ezibaawo ezikwata ku ddembe z'okulonda eddiini. Mu myaka egiyise, gavumenti zitaddewo amateeka agakugira abaana okulonda, gamba ng'okulagira abaana okukaka obululu, oba okuzibuwaza abaana ba yunisite okulonda obululu mu bibuga byabwe ebya yuni.

Entegeka eya 26 ey'ebbaluwa ereeteddwako okukomya emitendera gino mu kkooti nga gisala olukiiko lw'amateeka olw'ensi ezimu, oluwa w'etteeka oluwandikiro oluwa amasoko omuyizi omuli emigugu emingi ennyo, era olukalala lw'amateeka agagiwandiikidde abaana abalonde, luyinza okumenya ebiwandiiko ebya United States oba gavumenti yonna esobola okukikkirizisa eddembe lyayo ery'okulonda 18 okutuuka ku 21 emyaka nga 21 egiyise. Naye kikakasa engeri ekireetera ebitongole ebigabannyizo okulonda obutuufu.

Ekirala ekyava mu kaweefube omulala kwe kukendeeza emyaka 16 egy'okulonda ku kulonda okwa bulijjo. Abawagizi bagamba nti abantu 16 abali mu Maryland, California, ne Vermont bakkirizza enkumi n'enkumi n'enkumi 17 okulonda akakiiko k'essomero oba akalonda. Bagamba nti emyaka 16 egy'emyaka gikumi na gikumi gyamanyibwa oba giwereddwa, era nti okulonda tekuyinza kuleetawo enkola eya demokulase. Abavugisebwa bagamba nti emyaka 16 emabega tebalina bumanyirivu era n'obumu ku bikwata ku kulonda. Empakaawunziko ku ku kulaga tekukkiriza kubaako kubaako kye bakolawo nga 18 mu buwagizi wa gavumenti, wadde nga baleka embeera z'okulondamu okukendeeza emyaka gyabwe.

Ku nkomerero, olukalala lw'abavubuka baagaana okukkiriza enkola eyabasabanga okuyisa obulungi obulamu bwabwe naye ne bagaana eddoboozi lyabwe. Eky'okutuuka ku buwanguzi tekwali kuwalirizibwa bannabyabufuzi ab'omu Amerika okumanyisa enkola ya demokulase, era tekwali kuwalirizibwa bantu baaggeetina kufuga, wadde nga waaliwo okwekutulamu okw'amaanyi okw'ebyobufuzi.

[[Akawayiro:0] Era ne ssomo endala [[[KIRAGIRO:1]

  • National Tterekero ly'eggwanga: [[AK'AMUTANDIKA]] [[AK'AMUTANDIKA]] Ekiragiro ekya Amereka ekikoma [[[AK'AMUTANDIKA]]
  • Etterekero lya congress: [[Act:0] Ekirango ku Mpuliziganya eya 26[[[MUTANDIKA]]
  • Ebyafaayo.com: [[Akawayiro:0] [Obuwayiro obwa 'LUTIBA'] MPPUPU [[[AK'AMUTANDIKA]][[Akawayiro 1]
  • Kkooti enkulu ey'omu Amerika, [[AK'OMUZINGO] okiwadde '[:0] obuwayiro obulagira okukola ku nsonga eyo okugyako mu '[FLT'.' (1970): EZ kyewandiiseemu ekifunze[[[KATANDIKI]]]