Ekintu Ekikulu Ebikwata ku Bufuzi

Ekibuuzo ekyo kyeyoleka bulungi eri buli nkola ya bya bufuzi, okuva ku kkiiko y'omu kibuga okutuuka ku kibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte. Okufuga si lukalala lw'enkola z'enkola; eno ye nkola enkulu obuyinza gye bukozesebwa, engeri gye bukolamu, era n'eby'obugagga gye bifiibwako. Abayizi ba sayansi, abantu, n'ebyafaayo, okutegeera obuyinza, n'ebyafaayo, bikulu okutegeera engeri ebibiina gye bikolamu, ensonga lwaki amateeka agamu gagobererwa, era n'engeri abantu gye bayinza okukwatibwako ebiseera byabwe eby'omu maaso. Ekitundu kino kinoonyereza ku ngeri ez'amaanyi mu by'obufuzi, ebitegekebwa n'ebintu ebibukwatako, n'enkola ebireetera abantu okutegeera engeri gye bikolamu mu bulamu bwabwe obwa bulijjo.

Endowooza y’Amaanyi mu Bufuzi

Amaanyi ganjuludde. Mu kufuga, buyinza buyinza okunnyonnyolwa ng'obusobozi obw'okukyusa oba okufuga empisa z'abalala, okussaawo empandika, n'okusalawo eby'okukola mu bantu mu kitundu oba mu ggwanga. Omukugu mu by'obufuzi wa Bugirimaani Max Weber era nga kitegeererwawo nti munnabyabufuzi asobola okukola by'ayagala wadde nga waliwo okuwakanya. Amaanyi gano ga njawulo:

  • [[Act:0]] Amaanyi ag'ekika kya Political:[ Buyinza okuteekawo amateeka, okugagoberera, n'okukaayana. Eno ye nkola esingayo okulabibwa, eweebwa ba pulezidenti, bannabyabufuzi, abawi b'amateeka n'abalamuzi.
  • [[AK'AMULA] Amaanyi g'eby'enfuna:[[[AMENT:1] okufuga ebintu bye tulina /kampuni, ensi, tekinologiya, n'omulimu. 'ago, ebitongole by'eby'ensimbi, n'abantu abagagga basobola okuteeka mu nkola enkola y'okuteeka ssente mu kampuni, okusiimula ebiba biteekeddwa ku sipiidi enkulu.
  • [[Act:0] Amaanyi ga nukuta:[ Obusobozi bw'okukyusa emitindo n'e nneeyisa. Amatendekero, enkola ez'eby'enjigiriza, n'enkola z'abantu, bikola ku ebyo ebitwalibwa nga bikkirizibwa oba ebigalibwa.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Amaanyi agafuga enviromenti: Obusobozi bw'okunnyonnyola amakulu, akabonero, n'obubonero mu ggwanika. Ebitundu ebigattibwa mu media, ebizimbibwa, n'ebifo eby'obuwangwa (mu sseminali, ne yunivasite) biyamba mu kutandika ebitundu ebigikwatako.
  • [[Act:0] Amaanyi ag'enkola: Enkozesa oba okuteeka obulamu mu kabi. Abajaasi, abasirikale, ne bannamasaza bamesenti bennyini be bafuga ettemu erikkirizibwa mu mawanga agasinga obungi, amaanyi agayinza okukuuma entegeka oba okuziyiza okutekkiriranya.

Amaanyi ga ngeri zino tegatera kukolera wamu nga geeyawula ku balala.

Engeri z’Obufuzi n’Ebitundu by’Amaanyi Gaabyo

Amaanyi gategekebwa mu ngeri za njawulo mu nsi yonna. bannasayansi mu by'obufuzi bafuula enkola ez'okufuga okuba nga zituukana bulungi n'ebifo eby'enjawulo wadde ng'ebimu ku bintu ebiri mu nsi bitera okukwatagana.

Demokulase

Mu demokulase, obuyinza buweebwa abantu. Abatuuze bafuga nga bakuba lulu, nga batwala obululu, era nga beegasse ku bantu mu nsi yonna. Kyokka, okugabana amaanyi mu demokulase tekwenkanankana. Abafuzi ab'obuyinza bassa essira ku bakungu abalondeddwa, abasobola okukebera oba okuba n'enkukakkalira. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Amerika, esobola okukozesa enkola y'obufuzi obwawumbiddwawo nga bayitira mu kulonda, mu lukiiko olukulu olw'ebiwandiikibwa, ne mu buyinza bw'okufuga nga bannaawula bannaazo. Kyokka, ne mu by'obufuzi bw'obufuzi, ssente, ebikolebwa mu by'obufuzi, ebitongole, n'okulonda ebisukka mu buwabuzi obunene, ne mu kyekubira akalulu, ne kisobozesa okulonda ab'abakungu.

Obuwandiisi

Gavumenti za nnakyewa zissa essira ku mukulembeze omu, junta, oba ekibiina ekitono. Waliyo enkyuuka ntono nnyo ezikugira enfuge mu mateeka okukozesa obuyinza, era okuziyizibwa okubuziyiza kukendeezebwa okuyitira mu kulambula, okulambula, n'okukaka obuwagizi. China eyoleka obwannakyewa obwannakyewa mu kiseera kino, ekituuti gye kifuga amatabi gonna aga gavumenti, ag'amagye, n'eby'eby'enfuna. Amaanyi gava waggulu, nga galiko n'ebisenge ebizikwata ku muntu. Kyokka, ne ku nkola za bannakyewaanyi ziteekwa okuba nga zeesigazza buyinza mu buyinza (okusobozesa okukulaakulana mu by'enfuna), mwoyo oba okukuba obululu.

Monarchy

Abasika b'obuyinza mu mufuzi ow'ekisikire(a kabaka, kwiini, empula oba Omufuzi. Awaawulamu, nga Saudi Arabiya, obuyinza obwa nnannyini ku mateeka, obwenkanya, n'obukulembeze. Obufuzi obwa nnaakalyako ani, bukoma ku buyinza obwa nnannyini obwa mu matwale ga gavumenti. Kabaka oyo afuga mu ngeri ey'akabonero y'obutuuze obw'ensi yonna ate nga si y'ensonga ey'ensonga, nga munnannyini lukiiko olukulu mu mateeka ga United Kingdom, ateekawo ekkomola ab'obuyinza obusinga okuteekawo akawayiro akalonda abantu.

Obaluchy

Oligarchy kitegeeza obufuzi obwa bannakyemalira abatono.[1] Kyeyoleka bulungi nti abagagga, abakungu mu bya amagye, oba abatutumufu. Eb'edda Sparta ne Rome Republic baalina obuntu obusinga obungi. Mu kiseera kyaffe, abanoonyereza abamu bagamba nti ne demokulase eza demokulase zifuuse nga obuntu obutono ennyo, nga bannabyabufuzi ne bannabyabufuzi bagoberera enkola za gavumenti nga Martin Gillens ne Benjamin Page.

Obulimba Obukwata ku Masavu

Ng'ekyokulabirako, gavumenti za Russia ezifugibwa Vladimir Putin zikola okulonda okwa bulijjo naye ziziyiza abanoonyereza ku mikutu gy'eby'empuliziganya n'abawagizi okuziziyiza. Venezuela ekuuma enkola ya demokulase so ng'ate nnannyini gavumenti yeekubisaamu eby'amaanyi, era n'ereetera obuwangwa bwa ddosiye okubukyusaamu. Okutegeera gavumenti z'abawagguufu tezitunuulira bukulembeze bwa nnawookeera w'eby'eby'obukuumi, ssaayansi, ne by'ebyenfuna.

Engeri Enkola gye Zikozesebwamu mu Kubunyisa Amaanyi

Entegeka gye zisinziirwako kwe kussaawo amateeka, entegeka, n'enkola ezifuga enteekateeka. bye bisalawo engeri amaanyi gye gayinza okufunibwamu, okukozesebwa, okukyusibwa, era n'okugaziyizibwa. Amakaanya agakulu mu bufuzi obw'ekika kino gazingiramu:

  • [[Akabonero:0]] Obubonero obukkirizibwa: Obubonero obukolebwa ku nsawo (kussaawo olukiiko, okukuŋŋaana mu ggwanga). Obukwasi bw'amateeka butuukiriza ebigendererwa bya njawulo, enkola ez'okukaanya, n'obuwagizi obw'okukozesa ssente. Amaanyi gaabwo gaawukana./5/emibiri egimu mibabiti gya langi, emirala mitaafu gya bbaayiti.
  • Ekiragiro kino kifuga obukiiko bwa ba pulezidenti. Mu nkola za ba pulezidenti, omukungu atera okusigirwa mu lukiiko olukulu era n'avunaanyizibwa ku sistemu eyo.
  • [[NKULU] : Kooti zinnyonnyola amateeka era ne zejjukanya amateeka gaazo. Ekiragiro kya gavumenti kiyinza okukebera abakungu ba gavumenti n'abakimanyi. Kkooti z'amateeka, gamba nga Kkooti enkulu ey'omu Bugirimaani oba kkooti ekola enkyuuka amateeka ga Bugirimaani, zikozesa amaanyi ag'enjawulo nga zinoonyereza ku mateeka.
  • Ekiragiro ekifuga enfuga yonna ekituukiriza emirimu gya gavumenti. Aba dreat' basobola okufuna amaanyi mangi nnyo okuyitira mu kumanyisa, okufuga obubaka, n'okukwata obulungi enkola zaabwo. Max Weber yatwala obukulembeze ng'obukulu obugendera ku mateeka, naye abanoonyereza ku by'obudde nabo bakiraba nti busobola okufuuka ekitundu eky'ennamba "eyeebalirira"."
  • [ Efferalisma and DV: mu sistemu za gavumenti (United States, Bugirimaani, Buyindi), amaanyi gagabanyizibwa mu gavumenti z'amawanga ne Buyindi. Obuyinza buno busobozesa abantu okufuna obuyinza bungi ne kiwa abatuuze n'abazannyi akakisa okwongera okuleetawo enkola.

Entegeka za gavumenti ezifuga ebibuga eby'omu kyalo, zikola kinene nnyo mu kusobozesa ebitundu ebyo eby'omu ttwale lya waggulu nnyo. Okutegeera obulungi enkula y'enkola y'okukwata ani alina obuyinza n'engeri gy'eyinza okukyusibwamu, kiyamba nnyo mu kutegeera ani alina obuyinza.

Ebintu eby’Amaanyi: Engeri Ebibakwatako gye Bikozesebwamu

Wadde ng’ebitongole by’omu firimu ebyo biba bikola mu ngeri ya njawulo, bikolera wamu ne bannabyamizannyo abalala nga bakolera wamu.

Endowooza y’Abalala

Mu demokulase, endowooza y'abantu etwalibwa ng'ey'amaanyi. Kyokka, endowooza z'abantu zisobola okubuusibwabuusibwa okuyitira mu ppokopoko, okubuzaabuza oba okusaasaanya obubaka obutali butuufu. Kaweefube ow'okukuba emikutu gy'empuliziganya ne lago agiteesiteesi ez'ekika kino zikifudde kyangu okukyusa endowooza z'abantu ne ziba nga zeesigamiziddwa ku ndowooza y'ekikungo.

Ebibinja by’Abantu Ebyagala n’Okusambajja

Ebibinja ebitegekeddwa `', obuwayi, n'obusobozi, n'enkola ez'enjawulo, n'ebifo ebitafuna magoba." Bikola bizineesi ya kkampuni mu nsi nga Amerika, ezikozesebwa obuwumbi bwa doola buli mwaka okukakaatika amateeka n'ebiragiro. Abakugu bawakanya enkola eyo okusobola okuleetera abatuuze aba bulijjo okufiirwa obulamu bwabwe. Okunoonyereza kwa bannabyabufuzi nga Larry Bartel kulaga nti abakungu mu U.S.

Empuliziganya n’Ebigambo

Ebitongole bya media bisalawo amawulire agalimu ebisangidwa, engeri gye gategekebwamu, era ani awateekebwa pulatifoomu. Amaanyi gano "agenda-setting" gakyusa endowooza abantu gye balina ku nsonga era n'engeri gye bategeeramu. Eby'empuliziganya byeyongereseemu byawulamu abantu ne bisobozesa ebisenge eby'enjogera okubunyisibwamu. Gavumenti era zikozesa ebyuma okutandikawo amaanyi amateeso ageefunya ku nsi yonna.

Enkolagana mu Nsi Yonna

Obufuzi mu nsi yonna si bwe bumu; amaanyi gagabanyizibwa mu masaza, entegeka z'ensi yonna (UN, IF, Bank World), amakolero ag'ensi yonna, n'abazannyi abatali ba gavumenti. Amawanga ag'amaanyi nga Amereka ne China gayinza okubaako kye gakola nga ebisuubuzi, obuyambi, emikago gy'amagye, n'enkola za gavumenti. Amakampuni nga Buganda, gaggya obufuzi mu masaza g'ensi emu mu buyinza obwa waggulu, ne gateekawo oludda oludda oluweza empya olw'obufuzi obwegattidde w'obuyinza mu nsi.

Endowooza gy’Olina ku Maanyi

Abeekenneenya bagunjirizza endowooza ezikontana okusobola okunnyonnyola ani afuga.

  • [[Act:0] Plural:[ Amaanyi gasaasaana mu bibinja ebivuganyanya //'ebbeeyi, obubinja, ebiwandikiro. Tewali buwagizi bwa waggulu bumu obulaga nti ebigattiddwa biwandiikiddwa ku buwandike. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku New Haven ([[FLT:]]]] Ani afuga?]]) kwazuulwa nti bannannyini bannannyini bannaawukano baalina bannabizineesi ab'enjawulo abakolera mu nkola.
  • [[Act:0] Ekibuuzo eky'okukyusaamu kikwatagana: Kitundu ekitono ekifuga ekiragiro nga "eby'enfuna, bya bufuzi" era nga bye bisinga okufuga ebirowoozese.] Wright Mills yagamba nti, "ow'obuyinza" mu Amereka bulina ekifo kimu era bukyuseemu mu bifo ebya waggulu. Gye buvuddeko awo, endowooza eno yayungiddwawo ku bikwata ku by'obugagga ne ku mayungu ga bannaa bannakyewa.
  • Amaanyi ga marxist ne Critical Theories: Amaanyi gayoleka ebigendererwa by'ekibiina kya kapitalitiki. Gatwalibwa ng'eky'okufuga, nga gagoberera enkola etegekebwa okukuuma enkola y'eby'enfuna. Ennee-Morxs nga Nicos Poulentantzas, gagamba nti gavumenti erina obwetwaze obufuga ebika bya kapitaliisi naye mu nkomerero egoberera enkola ya kapitaliisimu.
  • Ekiragiro ekifuga engeri gye kifugamu empandika z'eby'obufuzi. Institutions ze zikola ku ndagabuto eza bulijjo, era n'ebiwandikiro mu kibiina nga bigaana abazannyi okukola ekyo. Abakugu mu bya byafaayo banoonyereza engeri okusalawo okw'edda gye kuleetawo enkumbo ez'okuziggyamu amajiji n'okusobozesa ebizitowa bya maanyi ebimu okuwanirira amaanyi agamu.

Mu ngeri emu oba endala, obuyinza busibuka mu bantu ab’ekika ekimu, naye era busibuka ku bibiina by’abantu, endowooza zaabwe, n’obuwagizi mu mawanga.

Okwekenneenya Obulwadde mu Bufuzi

Ebyokulabirako bingi nnyo biraga engeri endowooza zino gye zikozesebwa mu nkola z’eby’obufuzi ebya nnamaddala.

Amerika

Ek'ebitundu bino bissaawo amateeka n'enkola ya ssemasaza mu ggwanga lya U.S. era nga bigoberera enkola ya prezidenti. Amatabi ga gavumenti gaawulamu amatabi ga mirundi esatu. Ettabi lya gavumenti lissaawo amateeka agabafuga, era lirina obuyinza okugafuga. Ettabi lya gavumenti (Presidentint, ebitongole bya gavumenti) lituukiriza amateeka n'enkola za gavumenti. Kkooti za bannaakyewa ezifuga enfuga mu ngeri y'enkola. Kkomyuunti y'amateeka n'enkola za gavumenti zisobola okunnyonnyola amateeka agatakkirizibwa mu myaka egyakayita. Ebibiina bya gavumenti ebisikiriza biyinza okukubawo n'okukubawookolo, oba okubuuza oba okukubawoolekawo. Enteekateeka zino zikola enteekateeka y'eby'obutongole oba nga zikola enkola ya k'enkola mu bungi. Kyokka, ebitongole bya gavumenti ebitongole ebitongole ebikola mu bungi bisigala nga bikola bulungi.[10]

China

China kikolera wansi wa nkola ya demokulase emu nga kiwandikiro ekya Bakomunisiti (CCP) ku mukolo gwa ssekayiti. CCP efuga ebitongole byonna ebya gavumenti, nga mw'otwalidde ne National People’s Congress, State Council, State Council, amagye, ne judiary. Omuwaabirizi wa Xining atadde obuyinza obw'amaanyi ku kibiina ky'Abakomu, gavumenti, ne ssemasaza. Gavumenti era ne gavumenti zikola empanya amateeka naye ziko obwetongodde enfuga. Ekkessissimu empala y'eby'eby'obugagga, naye zisigazza ekika kya bannagagga ekiti ekipya, naye nga zeesigama ku ku ntegeka y'obutebenkere bw'ekibiina kya waggulu. [FLD:] Conilcil ku nsonga ezisinga obukulu mu nsi yonna.[FFLC.]

Bungereza

Kko ye kkaadi eya ssemateeka eya ssemateeka era nga n'empandika ya lukiiko olukulu. Kabaka (Kisa Charles III) y'akulira eggwanga naye nga wa maanyi nnyo okukola emirimu. Amaanyi ge gabeera mu Nnyumba eyalondebwa ey'Emitengo, katikkiro, kakiiko ka ka kakiiko. House of Lords (abamu ba mulembedde n'abamu eddiini) gayinza okuzza amateeka naye nga tesobola kugiziyiza mirembe gyonna. Ekiragiro kya pejanticary kyetongoza, era tewali mateeka; mu kifo ky'okugatta amateeka, amateeka, n'enkuŋŋaana. Amaanyimba gaasinga okuba mu Westminster, wadde nga n'abatuuze mu Scotland, Wales, ne mu Northern Ireland kiyinza okufuna obuyinza obw'enkomeredde. . Ekiragiro ekya g'enkola y'enkola ne k'ebukiiko lya gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti, kizimbira mu ggwanga lya gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti, naddala ez'ensi yonna.

South Africa

. .S.S.A. National Congress (ANC) yakyusa okuva ku nsala y'enjawukana mu 1994, naye obwetwaze n'enguzi byayo ne bikoma okukendeera. Ekiragiro kyayo kifuga enkola z'ensi, naye era nga mu South Africa kireeseewo obulyi bw'enguzi n'enguzi. Kkommenti za gavumenti zirina obuyinza obw'ennene, naye nga n'enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'empaka y'amateeka, ne gavumenti z'ebitongole bya gavumenti, ne ku buwangwa. Kkooti y'omu South Africa ereeseteetwalidde amateeka ku ddembe okufuga enjawulo. Kyokka, enkola ya kkooti z'eby'eby'eby'enfuna n'obusosoze ziresezzawo mu by'obufuzi ne mu by'obuwampuluvu tezizza buyinza ku nkola y'obufuzi bw'obukkulembedde mu ttut'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola za gavumenti. [[FLT: 1] Ksoludde mu Bu

Emiganyulo Egiri mu Bufuzi mu Bitundu

Amaanyi gakozesebwa gatya era ne gakozesebwa gatya ku bulamu bw'abantu butereevu? Ebivaamu bye bimu n'oku:

  • [[NKULA] obwenkanya mu mateeka: Ekiragiro kisalawo engeri ebintu gye bibunyisibwamu(empandika, obulabirizi, ennyumba, obukuumi mu bantu. Ekiragiro kya sistemu ezikubiriza obusosoze n'okufuga okw'amateeka okuleetawo enjereere ate nga n'enjawukana mu ngeri ennukuta ez'enjawulo.
  • [[NT:0] Obutuuti obutuufu: Legita, era nga buli gavumenti yonna efuga, kikendeeza ku buzibu obuva mu ntalo. Obwa nnawookeera bwe butwalibwa ng'obuwagizi oba obuwambi obutwalibwa abantu aba bulijjo, okugattika, n'okweyongerayongerayongerayongera. Ng'ekyokulabirako, obujegere bw'Abawalabu bwakolebwa olw'obwetaavu obusinga obungi obw'okulwanirira obuwagizi.
  • [[NKULA:0]] Entegeka ennungi esobozesa okuteekawo entegeka egoberera amateeka, okukuuma eb'amatwale, n'okuteekamu ssente mu by'emirimu. Ekiragiro amawanga agalina entegeka ez'amaanyi byeyongera ku bwangu. Kyokka, gavumenti ezikozesa amaanyi okwefunira eby'obugagga zisobola okugaggawala okuva ku kukula n'okubuuka kw'embala enkulu.
  • Ekiragiro ekifuga engeri gye kifugamu kikyusa engeri abantu gye beeyisaamu. Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa abantu okwegatta ku bantu ab'omu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu obutasobola kufuuka bannaabwe.

Okufuuka Omufuzi

Amaanyi tegamala; galina okutwalibwa ng'agasaanira okubeera amatebenkevu. Max Weber yalonda ensulo ssatu ez'obuyinza: ez'enkalakkalira (okwesigamizibwa ku nkola ez'enkalakkalira ez'ekika kya monarchy]; obukalu [[FLT:]]] obusigibwa ku ngeri ez'enjawulo ez'omu muntu, ng'eri ku bakulembeze ab'enkyukakyuka mu by'ennono); ne olukalala olw'enkalakkalira, (kwesigamizibwa ku mateeka ne ku nkola ez'omulembezo). Gavumenti ezisinga obungi bwe ziba nga ziremereddwa mu ku ku kubaako amateeka oba nga teziganya gavumenti, ziyinza okumenyamenyemenyebwa, oba okufiirwa amateeka agamu. K'enkola enfumombo ziyinza okutwalibwa ng'enkola eya bulijjo.

fundikira

Ani alina obuyinza mu ngeri ez'enjawulo? Eky'okuddamu si kyangu. Amaanyi gasaasaana mu matendekero, ebizingirwa mu by'enfuna, ebyafaayo, n'ebiri mu nsi. Gakolebwa okuyitira mu mateeka n'okulonda n'okulonda era ne mu ngeri gye gatalabika okuyitira mu kussaawo ennyimba n'endowooza. Engeri ez'enjawulo ez'okufuga zissa essira ku maanyi mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era ne mu nkola y'emu, amaanyi gatambula ekiseera. Abayizi n'abayigiriza, okutegeera ensonga eno si kikulu mu kunoonyereza kyokka naye mu kusobozesa obutuuze bw'eggwanga okukola. Okumanya awali obulimba, oba engeri gye buyinza okugattibwa, era n'okugabana n'ensonga endala. Mu nkomerero, ekibuuzo ky'oyo alina obuyinza kiyinza okubuvuusibwa mu nsonga eyo. [FL:][FFFF]