Ensibuko z’Edda n’Obwetaavu bw’Okufuuka

Ekiragiro kya Amereka kiriko etteeka ekkulu mu nsi eyo, ekiwandiiko ekitaatandikawo gavumenti ya gavumenti ya gavumenti yokka naye era ekyawa obusobozi bw'abantu b'efuga. Obukulu bwayo tebuyinza kumanyibwa mu ngeri ya waggulu; ye nkola eya demokulase ya Amereka, enkola eviiriddeko abantu okwefuga bokka mu nsi yonna. Okutegeera ensibuko yaayo, enzimba, n'obuwanguzi obw'olubeerera, kyetaagisa eri buli munnannyini ate n'abasomesa okuyisa obusika buno.

Ebikwata ku mateeka ga ssemateeka gatandika nga 1787. Abafirosoofo ab'ennyimpira y'ekitangaala baatwalirizibwa nnyo abafirosoofo gamba nga John Locke, eyalwanirira eddembe ly'obutonde (1689), eddembe, n'ebintu(yali ndagaano y'abantu wakati w'obufuzi ne gavumenti zaabwe. Era baanoonyereza ku ndagaano ez'edda, enfumo z'ebyobufuzi, n'obulombolombo bw'Abangereza, nga mw'otwalidde ne Magna Carta (12) ne English Bill of Rights (1689). Kyokka, endagaano ey'okusembera awamu n'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'emu wakati w'obugangfunja n'obugabuzi, ek'ekirabo, ek'ek'ekirabo, ek'obusuubi eri mu ggwanga lya Washington, ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebikebe, ebikeereereennyonnyonnyonnyo mu ggwanga eritali bya waggulu, Georgeheenkana mu nsi y'envu.

Omwaka gwa 1786 we gwatuukira, obunafu bwali buzze nnyo. Shays’s Revuuning .Yaggula okulemererwa kwa gavumenti y'eggwanga okukuuma emirembe. Abakulembeze b'eggwanga baasattulukuka okuyita olukuŋŋaana mu Philadelphia. Ekiruubirirwa kyali okuzzaawo ebiwandiiko; ekivuddemu kyali okuzzaawo obuwanjufu bwonna. Endagaano y'Ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka yakolebwa okuva mu mwezi gwa Maayi okutuuka mu Ssebutemba 1787, nga kirimu n'abagenyi b'abalabiri ab'entegeka ab'amatwale (Rhode Island baagaana okwenyigira mu n'okukiikirira). Ekibuuzo eky'amaanyi kyali kiwayitibwa ku gavumenti ey'ebitundu ekkumi n'obuddu, era n'okugasa obuwambe obwali mu ngeri y'entalo eya waggulu, nga kiragiddwa mu ggwanga lya Ssenyenyenti ya Geocean, ate nga kyeyanyese. Ekyuunyi yakkiriza mu ngeri y'emu, nga yalwa mu ggwanga ery'ennaana mu bitundu eby'obuvuvuvu mu ngeri ey'obuvuvu mu

Ebizingirwa mu tteeka lya jijirikiti: Kitabo n'omulimu

Ekiragiro kino ekiwandiiko ekifunze nga ekyakakolebwa (ekiwandiko ekimpi nnyo) kyokka nga kirimu ebigambo nga 4,400. Kigabanyizibwamu ebitundu musanvu era nga buli kimu kikyusibwamu.

Ennyanjula

Okutandika si lukalala lwa buyinza naye lwa kigendererwa. Kutandika n'ebigambo bino: “Ffe Abantu ba Amerika,” nga twewanyisa nti obuyinza bwa gavumenti buva eri abatuuze so si gavumenti. Era busengeke ebiruubirirwa mukaaga: okutandikawo Endagaano Entegeke obulungi, okuteekawo obwenkanya, okukakasa eby'obutebenkevu mu maka, okutumbula Warfare, n'okutumbula emikisa egy'Obwewandikiro naffe gye twefunira era n'ebiruubirirwa byaffe. Bino biwandisizza okunnyonnyola n'okuteekawo enkola ey'obwenkanya mu byasa ebisukka mu bikumi bibiri.

Akatundu I: Ettabi ly’Abayigirizwa Obuduumizi

Akatundu I katandikawo Olukiiko, nga kaliko Olukiiko lw'Ababaka n'Olukiiko lw'Ababaka, era nga ke kamu ku ebyo ebibamba ebisingirayo ddala okuba ebinene. Kiraga nti abassaawo amatabi agassawo amateeka be gajja okuba amakulu ennyo. Amaka amakulu gazingiramu amaanyi ag'okusasula emisolo, okwewola ssente, okutegeka obukiika n'obusuubuzi, okulangirira entalo, okuteekawo amateeka, n'okukola amateeka agasaanira “okuzikiriza obufuzi obwo. Nkukugira amaanyi g'empandika, amateeka ag'okutuuka ku mu kifo eky'okusasula ssente, n'okugoba ebisale by'okuva ku n'okugoba obuwaŋŋanguwa oba obulumbaga.

Ekitundu II: Ettabi ly’Akakiiko Akafuga Obufuzi

Akatundu II kassa nga kalonda omukulembeze wa Amerika okulondako omukulembeze w'eggwanga. Kateekateekerawo ebisaanyizo bya pulezidenti, ekigambo ekya ofiisi (emyaka ena), era n'emirimu: okuweereza ng'Omugabuzi mu Bukulu, okuwa abakungu n'abasonyiwa, okuddiriŋŋana (nga bakolera wamu n'okugoberera amagezi ga Ssemakampuni), okulonda ababaka n'abalamuzi mu kkooti enkulu, era n'okukakasa nti amateeka gassibwa mu bwesigwa. Akatundu II kayamba okumanyisa obutuufu obw'obuyinza bwa prezidenkola okumala ekiseera.

Akatundu III: Estabi ly’Omulamuzi

Akatundu III katongoza kkooti enkulu ne kaleka Congress okuteekawo kkooti za gavumenti ento. Kano kannyonnyola obuyinza bw'amateeka obufuga enkongole.=bukwata ku buli musango ogujjawo wansi w'amateeka, amateeka ga gavumenti, ne projekiti(/naakakasa nti obukiiko obukola ku musango bwagikola) era nti obujulizi busobola okusalibwawo. Ekitundu kino tekiwa bukakafu bwa maanyi obulaga nti waliwo amateeka agatakkirizibwa mu kkooti enkulu. Wabula, obuyinza obwo bwaweebwa kkooti enkulu mu mpala w'empala y'amateeka 1803 . Butury v.

Ebitundu IV\-VII

Akatundu ka IV koogera ku nkolagana wakati w'ebitongole ebyo, nga k'okwetaagisa “okukkiriza okujjuvu n'ebbanja” ku bikolwa bya gavumenti endala era n'okukakasa ekika kya gavumenti. Ekitundu eky'okubiri kiraga engeri y'okukyusaamu enkola: okuzimbuluza kuyinza okukolebwako nga emirundi ebbiri mu kawumbi bbiri mu kakiiko akategekebwa oba olukuŋŋaana olw'eggwanga olwasabibwa abakungu ba gavumenti, era nga buli kaba kasatu ku buli lukalala olw'ebiragiro bibiri bya kombi, nga buli lukalala olw'amateeka ga gavumenti, olulina okukkirizibwa oluva mu bitundu bisatu ebya ssemateekako. Ekiragiro VI kirimu olugambo olukulu, amateeka g'ensi n'emikago ge “amateeka agafuga ensi, era abakungu bonna kyetaawerebwa okulayira okukiwagira. Ekiragiro VII kyateekawo ebisaanyizo ebisaanyizo ebisaanyizo ebisaanyizo ebisa bisatu ebisasa ebifuga amateeka.

Ekiwandiiko Ekya Nnamaddala: Okuweerera Amateeka n’Okutuukana n’Enkyukakyuka

Abakola olukalala baalemesa mu bugenderevu amateeka okugobererwa naye nga tegasoboka. Mu myaka egisukka mu 230, ebitereezeddwawo ebisukka mu abiri omusanvu bye byakkirizibwa, obuwagizi obulaga nti ekiwandiiko ekyo kikyamye era n'okulabula Abamerika kwe balina okutuukirira mu nkyukakyuka enkulu. Enkyukakyuka zino ekkumi eza ddembe zzaabu ne zongerwako mangu ddala okukuuma eddembe ly'abantu kinnoomu, gamba ng'okwogera, eddiini, okukuba ebitabo, okukuba ebibagatta awamu n'okukwata ebyokulwanyisa, awamu n'obusobozi obut'okwekuuma obutatuukibwako kiwuka, n'okugaba mu ngeri ey'obukambwe n'okubonerezebwa obutali bwa bulijjo.

Oluvannyuma ebikomyawo ebiva mu kukyusa enziji z'amateeka byakyusa ensi. Ekiwandiiko ekya 144th Amendment (1868) kyawa obukakafu nti obuddu bulina obukuumi bwe bumu wansi w'amateeka era ne butuuka ku nkola emala. Ekyasalwawo kyatandika okutongoza eddembe ly'obuntu nga kitandikira ku ggwanga. Ekitongole eky'ekkumi n'ekitundu (1870) kyagaana okugaana okuvvumba obululu olw'enjereere. Ekiwandiiko eky'enkola eya 1995 kyawandiisidenti eya 1920 kyawa abakazi obuteefuze. Ekiragiro Amakumi abiri n'essaawaawunzik'obusoosooti (1920) kyassa essa essira ku myaka ekkumi n'etaano mu miramba. Buli mu kiseera eky'obuvuzi obwa bulijjo kissa obuvunaanyizibwa obwava mu ku ku ku kulonda mu nnene (1920).

Lwaki Kikulu Okutuukana n’Ebizibu by’Ofuna

Okukyusa ekiwandiiko n'okukyusa empandika y'amateeka nga kitegekebwa mu nkola y'okunnyonnyola ennyinnyonnyola y'amateeka n'enkola y'amateeka, --ekyasobozesa ekiwandiiko okuwonawo enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, ne tekinologiya. Enkola y'emu eyawagira obuddu mu 1787, okuyitira mu kwonoona ebiba bigookebwawo, era yawa n'eby'amateeka okubusobozesa okubukomya. Obukomya buno buyinza buyinza oboolyawo obusinga amaanyi. Bwe luko omusingi oguyamba okweyongera okukula nga tegumenyeseemu. Okunoonyerezayongera okw'ebyafaayo, ebiterekebwa mu '

Emisingi egy’Obulamu

Okwawukanya n’Obuyinza n’Endowooza Ennuŋŋamu

Obufirosoofo bwa Montesquieu obw'okwawula gavumenti mu matabi asatu, n'okugifugamu n'okusala emisango obwagobererwa abo abaziyiza okuteekebwawo obuyinza. Buli ttabi lirina emirimu gya njawulo naye era liyinza okukolagana mu ngeri ezisobozesa buli emu okukebera gavumenti. Pulezidenti asobola okussaawo amateeka, naye Consettery esobola okutangirira ekiba kiwayirikiti kya n'abasinga obungi. Akakiiko akakkirizi kakakasa okuko ka prezida n'okukola endagaano. Kkootikko kayinza okulangirira amateeka oba ebikolwa ebikontana n'ebyawumba. Ek'ensonga eno teteekwa kukolebwa nga James Mascion Master bwe yawandiika mu [FL: 0] Falist.[51]

Endowooza n’Enjawulo mu Bufuzi

Ekiragiro Ekiragiro kino kissaawo enkola esobozesa obuyinza mu gavumenti y'eggwanga okugattibwako. Ekitongole eky'ekkumi ekiweera mu buyinza ku masaza (oba abantu) gavumenti z'Amerika bwe zitaweebwa buyinza. Enkyukakyuka eno esobozesa abantu okugezesa oba okukuuma eddembe lyabwe ery'okwesalirawo ery'okwefuga ku bwannannyini. Era ereetawo obuzibu obw'amaanyi nga ku buyigirize, eby'obulamu, obukola ku ntegeka y'eb'obutonde, n'amateeka agakwata ku nkula y'obutonde okugezesa.

Obukuumi eri Ennimi Zokka Ezeenkana Wa

Ekitongole ekitegeka eddembe ly'obuntu n'enkyukakyuka ezizze zikolebwa kikuuma eddembe ly'enkomeredde naye enkola y'amateeka egenda yeeyongera okugobererwa. Endowooza ekkirizibwa, esangibwa mu mitemwa gya kkumi na ntaano ne kkumi na nne, gavumenti egoberera enkola ey'obwenkanya nga tennaba kufissa muntu mu bulamu, eddembe, oba ebintu. Etteeka erya tteeka erikuuma okusumulula eddembe lya 14 mu mateeka liba lisinzidde ddala okuggyawo obwetwaze bw'enyo n'okwenkanankana obwa buli omukula.

Okuyigiriza Etteeka Ery’Olukiiko Olukulu: Ebitiibwa by’Abasomesa

Abasomesa balina kinene kye bakola mu kusobozesa Etteeka lya Katonda erikwata ku bantu abalitwala nga kampuni ejjudde enfuufu, kwe kugamba, emitindo gyalyo gikwataganyizibwa n’ebintu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino, era n’okukubiriza abayizi okutegeera nti ebintu ebyo biba bituukana n’ebyo demokulase bye baba basazeewo nga basinziira ku nkola ya demokulase.

Ennaku ez’Olubereberye

Okwenyigira mu Bintu Ebikolebwa mu Ddiini

  • [[NKULA]] Ekiragiro kino kiwa abaana b'essomero: emirimu ng'abayigirizwa (um'omuto, Madison, Hamilton, Sherman, Paterson) era kibasobozese okukuba empaka ku nsonga enkulu: obulagizi, obuyinza, obufuga, obuddu. Kino kyetaagisa okunoonyereza n'okuwakana.
  • WWTRMARTP Kino kiwandikawo olukuuti olw'omu kkooti esingayo obukulu: Ssoosa emisango nga [rown v. Kkukulu ey'Essomero[ (1454]) era ku bukuumi bwenkana, [[[[FLT:]][FLT]][[FLT]]] Ekiragiro kikoma okukebera emisango gyokka wansi w'obubonero bwonna, [[[FLT:]] (20]]]]][Des Moines[[[FLT]]]]] [[6]]]] [1]] OFLT] ku bigambo ebyamu ku buwayisooso, oba ku ku kutuuka oluku lw'olukalala.
  • [[NT:0] 'Klarsor'' Enkaayanya: Ebibuuzo ebikwata ku nsonga eziriwo mu kiseera kino: kaweefube (Citizens United), obungi bw'ebiragiro by'abakungu ba gavumenti, eddembe ly'abakungu, ery'ensolo (Plain of Columbia v. Heller), ez'ekyamakulu mu kiseera kya nyinzijjuvu ez'ennamba, era n'enkola ya Electoral College.
  • [[Act:0] Application: Ekiragiro kino kitegeeza abaana nti bandifunye era ne bakolawo ekiwandikiro ekippya ekikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku nnono (um'okugeza, eddembe eriku Intanethi, ennono y'enkola, n'ebiruubirirwa). Oluvannyuma koppa enkola eyo, nga bamala okunnyonnyola obuzibu mu kutuuka ku bintu ebikolebwa mu nviiriirikiti.
  • Abayizi bayinza okukola ebifa ku matabi ga gavumenti, oba vidiyo ezinnyonnyola emisingi gya gravity mu lulimi olutuufu.

Okubeera Omutuuze

Okuyigiriza ekiragiro kitegeeza okuyigiriza abaana engeri y'okulondamu abantu aba bulijjo. Kubiriza abayizi okukaka akalulu, okuwandiikira ababakiikirira, okugenda mu nkuŋŋaana z'essomero, era n'okwenyigira mu kulonda okw'ekika ekirabika ng'ekituufu. Okutegeera Amateeka gaabawa obuyinza okukozesa eddembe lyabwe n'okutuukiriza emirimu gyabwe ng'abatuuze. Kitebe ky'amateeka eky'eggwanga [ kirina ebintu ebirungi bye kiyigiriza ku mu nkozesa endagiriro, n'obusobozi.

Okusoomooza n’Obukulembeze mu Kunnyonnyola Amateeka

Ekiragiro ekyo tekitegeera makulu gaakyo. Ebisobooke bino bibiri ebinene eby'endowooza byewagidde nnyo Amerika: enjigiriza ez'okusibuka ku ntandikwa (okunnyonnyola ebigambo nga bwe byategeerwa mu kiseera we byawandiikirwa) n'okugoberera amateeka (kwe kugamba, okusobozesa ebifa ku nkyukakyuka mu bantu okujjawo). Enjawulo zino ez'enjawulo ezikwata ku bufirosoofo zisangibwa mu buli kkooti enkulu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okuwakanya embaga ezikwata ku Amereka ey'okubiri kweesigamye ku "afuga bulungi Militia" kirina okutegeera eddembe ery'okukuuma n'okusitula n'okusitumbula eby'okulwanyisa. Mu ngeri y'emu, etteeka ery'omwenda erikugira "obuseebbeeyambisibwa mu ngeri ey'eyambisibwamu oba ebbugubwa obukwatibwa obukwatibwa obuwayi n'obusobo.

Ate era, olukusa lwa Scott lwali lumaze okukozesebwa okukuuma n'okunyigiriza. Ekiwandiiko ekyasooka kyabalirira abantu abaddu ng'abantu basatu mu bulamu obw'enjawulo, era ne kooti enkulu Dred Scott okusalawo mu ngeri ey'edda ennyo [1857] okwalaga nti Abamerika tebasobola kubeera batuuze ba ggwanga lya nsi. Kyatwala olutalo olw'omunda, okukomyawo n'okulwanirira obutali bwenkanya obwo okusobola okugonjoolebwa. Wabula ebyafaayo bino, nga biyigiriza kubulako n'okubuusabuusa kw'abayizi ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga eyo era n'omulimu gw'okuzimba obutuufu.

Okufundikira: Ekiragiro kya tteeka kikubiriza omuntu okubaako ky’akolawo

Amateeka tegakoma ku kusiiga buyinja, wabula gakola ku bulamu bw'abantu aba bulijjo, era gakuuma eddembe lyaffe ery'enkalakkalira, era gateekawo gavumenti evunaanyizibwa eri abantu.

Abasomesa bawa omukisa ogutageraageranyizika okuyigiriza endowooza ey’okuvumirira, okugattika abantu bonna, n'emitindo gy'obwenkanya. bwe tusobozesa ebiwandiiko ebyo okubaawo nga tuyitira mu kuyiga okw'amaanyi era ne mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo n'amazima, tusobola okuyamba abayizi okutegeera ensonga lwaki Amateeka gagasattu. Emisingi 1787 giba gya mugaso kubanga buli mulembe guno guba gukyagezesebwa era nga guzzibwa buggya.