Chisonkhezero cha Kumva Malamulo a Malamulo Oletsa Kumva ndi Kukonzanso Zinthu

Kumva kwa Congress kwakhala kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapadera kwa chisinthiko cha United States. Kusintha kumeneku kumapereka njira yopangira malamulo, akuluakulu a makampani, atsogoleri a maindasitale, akatswiri a zamaphunziro, ndi ochirikiza anthu kupenda mphamvu ndi kupereŵera kwa malamulo amakono. Kupyolera m'umboni, kutsutsana, ndi mbiri ya anthu, makutu amatulutsa umboni ndi mphamvu za ndale zadziko zofunikira kutembenuza malamulo ovuta kukhala kachitidwe ka malamulo. Pat Act yasintha zinthu kuchokera mu 1952 Pathy-Smith America mpaka pa Leant America Act ya 2011 ndi zoyesayesa zowonjezereka za kukhazikitsa ufulu, kuzunza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa, ndi kulinganiza kwa ufulu wa ufulu ndi kupikisana.

Maziko a Malamulo ndi Mabungwe

Mphamvu ya Congress yokhazikitsa malamulo odzisankhira imachokera ku Mfundo I, Chigawo 8 cha Malamulo a U.S. chimene chimapatsa nyumba ya malamulo "kupititsa patsogolo kupita patsogolo kwa Sayansi ndi Maluso othandiza, mwa kusunga nthaŵi zochepera kwa Authori ndipo kutumiza ku Kuyenera kwa Makalata awo ndi Discover. Malamulo a Congregation ndi njira zazikulu zimene bungwe la akulu la malamulo limasonkhanitsa nazo chidziŵitso chapadera chofunikira kugwiritsira ntchito mwanzeru mphamvu imeneyi. Kachitidwe ka kumva kamalamulidwa ndi malamulo a chipinda chilichonse ndipo kamodzi kamakhala ndi komiti yachikalata kapena nkhani ya ulamuliro pa chuma chalunthanthi. Mu Countactive, Judiate in Telective Implected Implected Implet; m'Bungwe la Subserme, Juteate pa Coumetic In In Tele, In Telet Count, ndi Intetion.

Kuweruza kungakhale kogwirizana kwambiri. Amalola makomiti kutcha Oyang'anira milandu a U.S. Patenment ndi Trademark Office (USSTO), oweruza a boma, akatswiri a zachuma, oimira bungwe, ndi ogula kupereka zonse ziŵiri za chidziŵitso ndi zokumana nazo.

Mbiri Yakale Yopangidwa ndi Makutu

Paten Cham’mbuyo mu 1952 ndi Kugwirizana kwa Miyezo Yamakono

Chimodzi cha ziyeneretso zoyambirira ndi zotsatirapo kwambiri chinachitika chakumapeto kwa ma 1940 ndi kuma 1950 monga Congress analingalira kulephera kwakukulu kwa malamulo ololeka. Patent Act inakhazikitsa dongosolo lamakono la kuyenera, kuphatikizapo kusaonekera kwapadera (35.S.C. . 103). Kumvetsera pamaso pa Komiti ya Nyumba Yamzinda Yachitetezo kunasonyeza umboni wochokera kwa maloya, magulu a makampani, ndi maphunziro amene anatsutsa kuti lamulo lapapitalo lakhala losemphana. Malamulowo anapanga mbiri yatsatanetsatane ya malamulo imene idakali kutchulabe pamene makhoti a boma amasulira mikhalidwe ya kuvomerezedwa, makamaka "Graham" kaamba ka kusanthula kwachidziŵidwa kwachisalutso. Popanda kumvetsera, makhotiwo analibe chitsogozo chomveka bwino pa malamulowo.

Ma 1980: Kubadwa kwa Khoti Lamakono la Patenst ndi Biotech Eras

Mchitidwe wina wochititsa chidwi wa kumvetsera unachitika kuchiyambi kwa ma 1980 pamene Nyumba ya Malamulo inatsutsana za kupangidwa kwa Khoti la Apilo la Federal Fridera. Federal Tturt , yokhazikitsidwa ndi Federal Courts Reformation Act mu 1982, inakhazikitsa zikalata zonse zovomerezeka ku bwalo limodzi la malamulo a kugwirizanitsa lamulo lotsimikizirika. Kumvetsera pamaso pa Nyumba ya Nyumba Judicary Courteteeary pa Courters pa Mabungwe, Civil Liberties, ndi Administration , kuphatikizapo umboni kuchokera kwa oweruza ndi akatswiri a zaufulu amene anagogomezera zigamulo za madera. Chilengedwe cha Friestellast chinatsogolera mwachindunji ku lamulo lamphamvu ndi kuwonjezera nkhani yovomerezeka pa mapulogalamu onse aŵiri ndi za zinthu zachilengedwe. Pankhani ya kukambirana kwa mabizinesi a Ryansburg, Dogle, mabizine, mabizine, ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa akatswiri a za sayansi a za sayansi ya za yunivesite.

Lamulo la ku America la 2011: Kusintha Koposa M’mibadwo

Palibe lamulo lalamulo lokhala ndi mphamvu lolinganizidwa bwino kwambiri ndi mamvedwe kuposa Leyaý Smith America Invents Act (AA), adasainidwa m'lamulo mu 2011. Pakati pa 2005 ndi 2010, Nyumba ya Malamulo inaimba milandu yambiri yochokera ku mkhalidwe walamulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a U.S. Inkafunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyamba yopangira makompyuta. Makutuwo anavumbula makampani aakulu a luso la zopangapanga zinthu. Oimira makampani monga Roogle, Microsoft, ndi Intel . Dongosolo likuchitidwa ndi zikalata zotsika ndi ziganitso zotsika ndi milandu yochokera ku mabungwe otchedwa ma prosoclation. Panthaŵiyi ndi makampani a za sayansi a zaumicticism anatsutsa kuti ufulu wa kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso kwa maluso ofunika kwambiri.

Kumvetsera kunapanga kuvomerezana kumene kunaphatikizapo makonzedwe aakulu angapo: kusamuka kuchokera ku woyamba ndi kulimbikitsa zoyenera za mu ulamuliro woyamba . Kupangidwa kwa njira za kupenda pambuyo pa [1] kumbuyoko kunapangidwa monga kupenda (IPR) ndi kuphatikiza njira zamalonda (CBM); ndi kusintha kuti athetse kujambula kwa masuti ndi kulimbikitsa zoyenera zapatsogolo. Komiti ya ku Jadiast projectus programmes . Komiti ya Jaudiary, lipoti la umboni ndi kugonjera kolembedwa, ikutchulidwabe m'kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kusinthika lerolino, makamaka ponena za njira zosintha za malonda. Kujambula kwa AULAA kumakhala chitsanzo chomveka bwino cha mmene ntchito yomvetsera ingathe kutembenuzira kachitidwe ka kapangidwe ka ka ka kamodzi ka kapangidwe ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka katente. Kaamba ka nkhani kokhudzana ka mawu a AA.

Nkhani Zazikulu za Patterin Paint Aint

Ngakhale kuti nkhani zimene zafotokozedwa m’mabuku ofotokoza za anthu amene angomva zinthu mwalamulo zinayamba ndi luso la zopangapanga ndiponso mphamvu za malonda, nkhani zambiri zimene zili m’nkhanizi ndi zimene anthu akhala akukambirana pa nkhani zikuluzikulu zimene akambirana m’zaka 20 zapitazi.

  • Aspeant Asterective (PAES) ndi Litigation Abumon: Kumva kwakhala kukusumikidwa pa maluso a makampani amene amapeza maluso okha kuti asunge kapena awopseza. Mboni zapereka chidziŵitso chosonyeza kuti mlandu wa PEPASIO wolakwa unawonjezeka kuchokera pafupifupi 500 mu 2006 kufika 4,000 mu 2015. Nyimbo za madandaulo zinatsogolera ku pangano la Innovation Act (2013, 2015, 2017) ndi miyezo yochonderera kwambiri mu Ulamuliro wa Federal Procture 84 (b). The USTO inayambitsa ngakhale kufufuza kopatulidwa pa kuyankha kwa bungwe lotsogolera.
  • Paent Seaty ndi Exact : [[FLT: 1] Mutu waukali ndi mkhalidwe wa opanga. Akumva apenda chipambano cha kusanthula mwaluso, kulinganiza kwa zojambula zapasadakhale, ndi kuphunzitsidwa kwa zopimira. Mu 2019, Mtsogoleri wa USPTO anatsimikizira kuyambika kwa Nyumba ya Subster Coumetee pa kufunika kwa kufunsira masuntcha owonjezereka ndi STEM. Kumva kunathandizira ku USSPTO’s Paintent Secrection Imptut , imene imaphatikizapo kuima kwa anthu apamwamba. Mukhoza kupenda mkhalidwe wa kuyesayesa pa [FF:2] PUPFFF]
  • [[FLT: 0] Commonth ndi Business Paents: Kukwera kwa maprogramu opanga mapulogalamu kunabutsa mkangano, kumaliza zigamulo za Khoti Lalikulu mu Licene v. CLS Bank[ [B] [2014] [[FLT]] [4] Mayo v. Promeus (20). Kuyankha kwa khomo loyambirira kwa 2010 kunayambitsa mikangano yakuti kaya malingaliro opeka pa kompyuta iyenera kukhala yovomerezeka. Ngakhale kuti Comssion sanaperekebe mafotokozedwe a nkhani yoyenerera, kumvetsera kopetina kwa Ofesi yodziŵika.
  • Malo Ojambula ndi HatchäWaxman Reformations: Kuloŵa kwa mankhwala kwa mtundu uliwonse, kuunika kwa physics, ndi bilogic biologyology kwakhala nkhani zobwerezabwereza. Hatch pa thanki ya 1984 inayamba ndi mpambo wa makutu amene anali olinganiza bwino zosonkhezera opanga mankhwala otchedwa cripy okhala ndi chikondwerero cha anthu cha kutsika kwa mitengo. Kumva kwaposachedwapa kwa za pa projectivation kwafufuza project pakati pa ilocation, FDA yomasusclation, ndi kutsutsa lamulo.
  • International Harmonization :[FLT :1] Pamene makampani a United States akugwira ntchito m'misika ya dziko lonse, makutu apenda kusiyana kwa malamulo a ufulu a America ndi European Paten Convention, Paten Cooperation TriPS Convention, ndi miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi World TriPS Aption . Umboni wa ku USSPTO ndi U.S. Trantirantix watsogolera ku kukhazikitsa malamulo akuti malamulo a U.S.
  • Mosayenerera ndi Mapangano Odzipereka: M’zaka khumi zapitazo, kumvetsera kwathetsa kupsinjika pakati pa maluso a muyezo (SEPS) ndi kulolera, ndi osalolera, ndi [1] Kuletsa kwa Adani. Olemba malamulo afunsa ngati ASEP angafune malamulo otsutsana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ofunitsitsa kupereka ufumu. Maumboniwo sanatulutse malamulo achindunji koma asonkhezera Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo ndi njira yosungitsa malamulo ya Division Creation ndi njira yosungitsira lamulo ya bungwe la Federal Trease Commission.

Mmene Mizembe Imatembenuzira Malamulo

Kusintha Makonzedwe a Malamulo ndi Kukonzanso Zinthu

Hearings typically occur in the earliest stages of the legislative process. After a bill is introduced, the committee chair holds one or more hearings to gather feedback. Witness lists are carefully balanced to include stakeholders from industry, academia, consumer groups, and government. The written testimony and question‑and‑answer session become part ofKomitiyo ikusimba kuti lamulolo limakhala ndi lamulo pamene latumizidwa kuchipinda chonse. Lipoti limeneli nlosuliza chifukwa nthaŵi zina khoti limadalira pa ilo pomasulira chinenero cha state . Mwachitsanzo, komitiyo inafotokoza bwino lomwe cholinga cha "kutembenuza ku dongosolo loyamba la [1]inventoŕ́́́àto à profile" ndi kupereka "kubwereramonso kofulumira, kogwira mtima, ndi kotsika kwambiri" ku khoti la chigawo.

Kuyang’anira Kupenda Makutu

Ngakhale pamene sipakhala lamulo latsopano lotsala, kuyang'anira kumalola mabungwe kukakamiza mabungwe kulungamitsa malamulo awo ndi kugogomezera mavuto amene pambuyo pake angafunikire malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2020 ndi 2021, Nyumba Yoyang’anira Nyumba Yokhala ndi Amboni za USPTO adakhala ndi kumvetsera kwa kutsogolera kwa woyang'anira [[FLT:] Kuyendetsa kwa Amereka. Umboni wa oweruza ndi oweruza akale unavumbula kuti gulu la USPTO la UPTO lakhala magwero osadziŵika bwino a malamulo atsopano. Pamene kuli kwakuti omverawo anasonkhezera kuyambitsidwa kwa [FLT:] Suption Active ndi [FFOLD] Chikalata cha Chikalata cha Chikalata cha Apwirinsitiro cha US] ndi Chikalata cha Chikalata cha Chikalata cha Chikalata cha . Pamene anasintha chigamutsira chiganizo cha kumbuyo cha kumbuyo kwa lamulo cha US.

Maphunziro a Anthu Onse ndi Kusintha Mawindo a Overton

Ntchito yapadera kwambiri ya makutu ndiyo kuphunzitsa anthu ndi kusintha njira zovomerezeka. Ngati mawailesi aulutsa nkhani ayamba kumva ma pulogalamu apamwamba [1] monga 2013 magawo a ma troll osonyeza makampani aang'ono amene adawazengedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito [1]theshlf scanners , pamene kuli kwakuti omvera apanga kudandaula kwa anthu kuti asinthe. Kuzindikira kumeneku kungayambitse mkhalidwe wandale kumene kale mankhwala osayembekezereka, monga kukonza kapena kuonekera kwa zinthu zofunikira kuti akhale mwini wake, kukhala wotchuka. Gulu la US Inventor lagwiritsira ntchito kumvetsera kutumiza misewunda ya udzu, pamene Copy Alces Alcective ali ndi umboni woyenereranso kusonkhezera omvera.

Kuphunzira za Mlandu: Nkhondo Yolimbana ndi Mdani Woipa

Chimodzi cha ziyambukiro zazikulu za kumvetsera chinachitika m'malo a kulinganiza kwa ndalama. Pansi pa 35 U.S.C., 76, i USPTO iri ndi ulamuliro wa kukhazikitsa ndi kuwongolera ndalama, poyang'anira. Mu 2012 ndi 2013, USPTO inalinganiza ndandanda ya ndalama zimene zinaphatikizapo kukwera kwa maseŵero opitirizira ndi mafunsishoni opitirizidwabe, kulinganiza kuchepetsa kutsendereza ndi kuchepetsa kumangidwa kwa lamulo. Akatswiri aang'ono ndi odziimira paokha anachitira umboni wakuti ndalama zowonjezereka ndi ziŵiya zocheperapo. Kumvetsera kunatsogolera ndandanda yokonzedwanso ya kuwonjezereka kwa ndalama zimene zinapanga mkhalidwe watsopano (75%) kaamba ka mkhalidwe wa zinthu zapansi kochepa. Izi, zigawo zokhala ndi umboni wokwanira pa chigawo cha 10, zopereka umboni woyenerera ndi chikalata chopereka chiwongo.

Malire ndi Kusuliza kwa Kachitidwe ka Kumva

Ngakhale kuti anthu akumva apeza kuti ndi amphamvu, sikuti ali ndi zophophonya. Otsutsa amanena kuti nkhani zinayi zosatha. Choyamba, kalendala ya anthu yomva imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zovuta, nkhani zaluso zimene zingatenge nthawi yoposa 90 n’kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Chachiwiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mipando ya makomiti poikiratu zotsatira, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kugamula zinthu zenizeni. Kachitatu, kumva kumatulutsa zinthu zogwirizana; ngongole zambiri zimalowa m'manda a malamulo pambuyo pomva mmodzi. Chachinayi, khomo lozungulira pakati pa Capitol Hill, UPTO, ndi makampani a kukonza malo opangira malo kumene akatswiriwo amaoneka mobwerezabwereza, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa njira zothetsera. Ngakhale zili choncho, mbiri yonse ikupereka lingaliro lakuti dala kukonza.

Kumaliza: Kufunika Kopitirizabe kwa Kumva Miseche kwa Mabungwe

Kumva kwa bungwe la Congress kwatsimikizira kukhala injini imene imasintha nkhaŵa zopanda pake ponena za kutsimikizirika kwa lamulo kukhala lotsimikizirika, lovomerezeka. Kuyambira 1952 Act mpaka ku AI ndi mikangano yamakono pa SEPS, kutsegulidwa kwa mankhwala, ndi kupanga maluso, kumva kumakhala ngati mlatho wovuta pakati pa chidziŵitso cha akatswiri ndi kupanga chigamulo cha demokrase. Zimapereka malo a anthu amene ziwonjeze zachuma ndi zaluso zingayesedwe, ndi kukonzedwa, ndipo [1] pamene nyenyezi zandale zikuloŵera ku United States. Zimatuluka [1] Kuphatikizapo kukhazikika kwa luso la zotulukira zaluso, kukonza zinthu za demokrase, kukonzanso zinthu za pa Intaneti, ndi mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi zikhoza kutembenuzanso kamodzi. Zili ndi malamulo amagwirizana ndi malamulo a United States omwe amathandiza kumvetsetsa bwino kwambiri.