Kuzungulira dziko lonse, ukalamba si chinthu chachibadwa chabe koma chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mmene anthu amaonera okalamba awo monga maluso a nzeru kapena katundu wa zinthu. N’zofunika kwambiri kuti anthu akhazikitse malamulo owateteza kuti asamasalidwa. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo aukalamba amakhala m’mayiko ambiri, mphamvu zawo, ndi malamulo awo a chikhalidwe chawo amasiyanasiyana kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasonyeza makhalidwe awo a anthu m’malo mwa zofuna zawo. Kumvetsa mfundo imeneyi n’kofunika kwa opanga malamulo, olemba ntchito, ndiponso ochirikiza ntchito yopanga chitaganya chogwirizana kwa zaka zonse.

Pamene anthu akukhala ndi zaka zambiri [1] United Nations ikupanga kuti mmodzi mwa anthu asanu ndi mmodzi padziko lonse adzakhala opitirira 65 pofika 2050 . Kulephera kwa tsankho la msinkhu kumakhala nkhani ya mwamsanga ya chikhalidwe ndi ya zachuma. Komabe kusiyanasiyana kwa njira, kuyambira pa nyengo ya kupuma pantchito ya ku Japan ndi zaka zolimba ndi kutsimikizira kuti ku United States kudzakhala kogwirizana ndi kutchuka, kukula, ndi kusungidwa kwa malamulo a tsankho, kujambula zitsanzo za chikhalidwe za ukalamba, maunansi, ndi kuchuluka kwa zokumana nazo za m'dziko lililonse. Nkhani ino ikupenda mmene malingaliro ameneŵa akukhudzira mwachindunji chitukuko, kukula, ndi kusungidwa kwa malamulo a tsankho, zikuphatikizapo zitsanzo za m'malembapo ndi mavuto a m’tsogolo.

Chikhalidwe Chawo pa Ukalamba: Chionetsero Chosangalatsa Padziko Lonse

Palibe chikhalidwe chimodzi chimene chimaona ukalamba mofanana. Kufufuza kwa chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu kumazindikiritsa njira zazikulu zimene zimayenderana ndi chitetezo chalamulo. M'miyambo yambiri ya ku East Asia ndi ku Inior, zaka zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ulamuliro, chidziŵitso, ndi utsogoleri wa makhalidwe abwino. Miyambo ya Confucian, mwachitsanzo, imagogomezera kupembedza kwa ana mwaubale . "udindo ndi kusamalira akulu a munthu mmodzi . Kulemekeza kumeneku kumafalikira kupyola pabanja m’moyo wa anthu onse, kumene anthu achikulire kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi malo audindo. Mkhalidwe wa anthu amisinkhu yoposa, kusankhana ndi kutchuka, ndipo malamulo amachititsa kuti munthu alemekeze ufulu wovomerezeka.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, mabungwe a kumadzulo opanga maindasitale, makamaka amene amaumbidwa ndi kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kaŵirikaŵiri amayamikira achichepere, kuyambika kwa zinthu, ndi ntchito. Kuno, ukalamba ungawoneke kukhala wotsika, ndipo achikulire angayang'anizane ndi kunyozedwa m'malo antchito, m'manyuzipepala, ndipo ngakhalenso kusamala zaumoyo. Katswiri wa za za moyo wa anthu Erdman Palmore anadziŵitsa kuti m'nkhani zambiri za Kumadzulo, anthu okalamba amalingalira kukhala osayenerera, osayenerera, kapena osazindikira zinthu, kapena kufalikira kwa anthu ambiri ndi kulolerana ndi kuti tsankho la utundu kapena kugonana silingakhale vuto.

Nkofunika kwambiri kuzindikira kuti chikhalidwe si chikhalidwe chimodzi m'zitaganya. Makhalidwe a anthu, magulu a kakhalidwe ka anthu, ndi mibadwo ingasiyane malingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, anthu a kumidzi kaŵirikaŵiri amasunga miyambo yaukalamba wochuluka poyerekezera ndi malo a mizinda. Komabe, nkhani yaikulu ya chikhalidwe ya anthu . Ndi imene imasonkhezera makambitsirano aakulu a malamulo.

Kuipa kwa Ukalamba ndi Ukalamba

Asayansi a chikhalidwe cha anthu kaŵirikaŵiri amagwirizanitsa malingaliro a chikhalidwe kulinga ku kukalamba ku chigawo cha . Pambali imodzi pali kuphatikizapo miyambo, kumene achikulire amaphatikizidwa m'mbali zonse za moyo wa anthu ndi zopereka zawo. Pambali inayo pali [FLT:] wodziŵa za [FLT]] [[FLT]] miyambo, kumene anthu achikulire amapatulidwa, otchuka, ndi osafunika. Zitetezero za malamulo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri m'madera akufupi ndi mapeto a msinkhu, koma ngakhalenso, mipata idakalipo. Mwachitsanzo, Japan imalemekeza akulu ndi nkhani zosatha za akazi ndi za magulu aakulu omwe angapitirire.

Ndiponso, malingaliro a chikhalidwe ali amphamvu. Kufalikira kwa padziko lonse kwa akanema a achichepere, kukwera kwa chuma, ndi kusintha kwa mabanja kukusintha mmene mibadwo imagwirizanirana. Maiko ena, monga South Korea, awona kutsungula kwamwambo kwalulukira pamene malamulo atsopano akuyesayesa kuyendera limodzi. Kumvetsetsa mphamvu zimenezi kuli mfungulo yonenera masinthidwe m’tsogolo m’lamulo la tsankho.

Chiyambukiro Chachindunji cha Malingaliro a Chikhalidwe pa Malamulo a Tsankho

Unansi pakati pa makhalidwe a chikhalidwe ndi malamulo ndi wovuta, koma njira zingapo zachindunji n’zoonekera. Choyamba, malingaliro a chikhalidwe amene mitundu ya tsankho ya msinkhu imaonedwa kukhala yoopsa. M'madera amene amaona zaka kukhala maziko oyenera a kuchitiridwa mosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kukakamiza anthu kuti apume chifukwa cha malingaliro akuti antchito achikulire satha kuchita zinthu zambiri. Malamulo angalole machitidwe amene chikhalidwe china chingaletse. Chachiwiri, chikhalidwe chimene chimagwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizana, monga Japan, chingadalire pa kutumiza ndi kutsogolera kwamwayi m'malo mwa kuweruza, pamene miyambo yolemekezeka monga United States imasonyeza zoyenera ndi makhoti.

Chachitatu, chikhalidwe chimakhudza mgwirizano wa ndale zimene zimafunika kuti zikhazikike. Pamene ukalamba ukhomerezeke kwambiri, achikulire angaonedwe kukhala kutaya chuma cha anthu onse, kupangitsa kukhala kovuta pa ndale kukhazikitsa chitetezo chimene chimaonedwa kukhala chokwera mtengo kapena cholemetsa kwa mabwana. Komanso, m’madera kumene achikulire amaonedwa kukhala othandizira, anthu ambiri amafunitsitsa kuloŵetsamo ntchito yolimbana ndi kusagwirizana monga njira zosungira chuma cha anthu.

Ntchito: Lamulo la Nyengo Yakale

Malamulo ambiri aukalamba amasumika maganizo pa ntchito, monga malo oyamba a ntchito zachuma ndi chikhalidwe. Malingaliro a chikhalidwe amasintha mwachindunji kaya malamulo afuna magawo onse a ntchito . "kukweza ntchito, kulangiza, kuiwala, kapena kuchotsa zinthu zochepera. Malamulo a pa Kayendedwe ka Agulu a anthu amafuna makampani kuti akhazikitse zaka za ntchito za 60 zopuma pantchito ndi kuti ayesetse ntchito za ntchito zapaumoyo wawo mpaka zaka 70. Zimenezi zimasonyeza kulolera kwa chikhalidwe: ulemu kwa akulu kuti satayadwe, koma ntchito za makampani ndi kukwera kwa malipiro amapanga madongosolo ovuta kwambiri. Monga momwe kutetezera, kuchepetsa kusoŵa ntchito kwa zaka 70, kupitirizabe kuchepetsa kusoŵa ntchito.

Mosiyana, United States Tsankho la Ages mu Prooclation Act (ADEA) ya 1967 imaletsa tsankho kwa aliyense 40 ndi achikulire m'mbali zonse ndi mikhalidwe ya ntchito, kuphatikizapo kulembedwa ntchito. Komabe, kugogomezera kwa chikhalidwe pa ufulu wa munthu ndi wolemba ntchito kwatsogolera makhoti kumasulira lamulo mocheperapo, kufuna kuti anthu ayambe kusonyeza kuti zaka zinali "koma chifukwa cha" ntchito yowopsa. Mtolo wapamwambawu umatanthauza kulephera, ndipo lamulo silinachotseretu dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zamakono ndi makampani ena a achichepere. Chikhalidwe cha anthu okalamba ku America chitukuke cha nthaŵi imodzi pamene antchito akukhala ndi luso lachikulire lalamulo. Koma chigamu chachikale chiku

Kusamalira Thanzi, Nyumba, ndi Mautumiki Othandiza Anthu

Kupatula pa ntchito, miyambo ya chikhalidwe imasonkhezera malamulo okhudza kukondera anthu okalamba m'zipatala, nyumba, ndi malo ogona. m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, monga Germany ndi France, miyambo ya chikhalidwe ndi miyambo yolimba ya anthu kugwirizanitsa mibadwo yonse yatsogolera ku malamulo oletsa kusagwirizana kwa zaka zimene zimalamulira malo osiyanasiyana. Malamulo a bungwe la European Union a ntchito ya Ireculture (2000) analetsa tsankho la zaka za ntchito, koma mayiko ambiri apita patsogolo, kuphatikiza zaka za kulingana kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo olanga a ku France amaletsa tsankho la zaka za mautumiki, kuphatikizapo kusamalira ndi kuonetsa makhalidwe aumoyo ndi kulingana kwa dziko lonse lisanalenjene lamulo la ufulu wa zaka.

Mosiyana, m'maiko ambiri osatukuka, kumene ulemu wamwambo kwa akulu umakhala wamphamvu koma chuma nchosoŵa, zitetezero zalamulo zingapezeke papepala koma sizikuloledwa. Mu India [1] Mwachitsanzo, ku Kayendedwe ka Malo ndi Chitukuko kwa Makolo ndi Chipulumutso (2007) kumapereka njira kwa achikulire kuti achilikize ana achikulire ndi kuwalanga. Komabe, lamulo silimagwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri ndipo silitchula za ntchito kapena kusankhidwa kwa ntchito. Makhalidwe amene amaika thayo kwa akulu pabanja mmalo mwa boma angatsogolere ku chitetezo chofooka cha malamulo, monga momwe boma limaganizira kuti lisamalire ndi ulemu.

Kufufuza Nkhani Zoyerekezera: Mmene Chikhalidwe Chimasinthira Lamulo Pochita Kachitidwe

Kupenda maiko ena mozama kwambiri kumasonyeza njira zosiyanasiyana zimene mwambo umasinthira m’malamulo.

Japan: Kulemekezedwa ndi Chisonkhezero cha Chisonkhezero cha Chipulumutso

Ulemu wa chikhalidwe cha Japan kwa akulu (Keiro) walembedwa bwino. Dzikolo liri ndi imodzi ya njira yapamwamba koposa ya moyo yoyembekezeredwa ndi njira yapamwamba kwambiri m'malo antchito, kumene ukalamba ndi utali wa utumiki wogamulidwa mwamwambo ndi kulipira. Pankhani ino, kukondera kwa msinkhu kwa ntchito kumatsutsidwa. Malamulo onga [[FLT:] kuchirikiza Kuchirikiza Ntchito kwa Okalamba [[FLT: 1] ndi kutsutsana ndi [FLT:] kudyetsa [FLT] Mayeso a Act [FLT [F:] Ogwirizana ndi malamulo a ntchito a] Act [FLT] Act [F: 3]] makampani afunikira kuyesayesa kugwiritsa ntchito antchito okalamba. Komabe, dongosolo lomapanga lamulo losemphana ndi lamulo losagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe chimenechichi. Kulemekeza mwambo kumeneku kumasonyeza ulemu pakati pa chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka ndi kuwonjezera ntchito, ngakhale kuti iwo amachirikiza kuchepetsa njira yauzira kuntchito kwaukulukulu.

Komanso, lamulo loletsa anthu ku Japan limadalira kwambiri malangizo a boma kuchokera ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo, Labour and Welfare, amene amagogomezera kukopa anthu pa chilango. Zimenezi zimayendera limodzi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ogwirizana ndi kukanana kwa lamulo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, tsankho la msinkhu silipita kaŵirikaŵiri ku khoti, ndipo likamatero, mankhwalawo amakhala oyenera. Kukana mankhwala kwa chikhalidwe kungachititse anthu achikulire kukhala opanda mphamvu zowasintha, ngakhale kuti ali ndi zitsutso zamphamvu.

United States: Ufulu Wosankha Wokhawokha m’Chikhalidwe cha Achinyamata Otchuka

Njira ya United States imapangidwa ndi chikhalidwe chimene chimakondwerera nthaŵi imodzi achichepere (m'kutsatsa malonda, zoulutsira mawu, ndi luso) ndi mapindu a ufulu wa munthu aliyense (kupyolera ndi chitetezo chalamulo). ADEA ndi lamulo la boma limene limalamulira olemba ntchito ndi anthu 20 kapena kuposapo ndi kuletsa kukonderana kwa olembedwa ntchito kwa achichepere. Malamulo a mu 1967 anasonkhezeredwa ndi kuzindikira komakulakulakula kwa ukalamba ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu. Komabe chikhalidwe cha ku America chimakhalabe chosiyana: antchito okalamba kaŵirikaŵiri amafotokozedwa monga "amene amakumana nawo" m'zotsatsa malonda achichepere, ndipo mafakitale onga Silcial Valley ndi otchuka kwambiri. Opanda kupambana, AIF. Osambiratulirapo ambiri, okhoza kupambana.

Zifukwa za chikhalidwe zimagwirizanitsanso kusungidwa kwa ntchito. Kudalira kwa anthu aukalamba kumatanthauza kuti tsankho la amisinkhu ya anthu likusimbidwa, pamene antchito achikulire ambiri akuopa kubwezera kapena kusoŵa ndalama zochitira mlandu. Nkhani ya chikhalidwe ya "kudzikweza ndi mabukhwe anu" inganeneze ngakhale antchito achikulire chifukwa chosatsatira njira zatsopano zamakono, kukondera kwachibadwa.

Yuropu Union: Kugwirizana kwa Mayanjano ndi Kukakamiza

Maboma a EU amasiyana m'malamulo awo apadera, koma madongosolo a EU amasonyeza kudzipereka kwa anthu onse mogwirizana ndi kufanana kumene kumapatsa chitetezo champhamvu kuposa mu UNITE. Tchata cha Malamulo a Chikhalidwe chimaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa msinkhu, ndipo Masungwe a Sukimenti A'Audition aikidwa m'malamulo a dziko. Mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, monga Sweden ndi Netherlands, ali ndi njira zoyendera: Olemba ntchito ayenera kuvomereza kusiyana kwa msinkhu uliwonse monga njira zoyenerera zokwaniritsira zolinga zoyenerera. Zimenezi "propotione" kuikidwa pa malire a zaka zoyambira pa dziko lina, monga nyengo ya kupuma pantchito. Mwachitsanzo, UK, asanasiye EU, kuchotsa ntchito yake yosatha zaka 65 (zikuluziyenedwa bwino).

Mikhalidwe ya ku Ulaya kaŵirikaŵiri imayamikira ubwino wa anthu ndi kulingana kwa anthu kuposa ufulu wa zachuma wa munthu mmodzi, umene umalimbikitsa malamulo amene amatetezera antchito okalamba ku kukakamizidwa kuchoka ku malonda a ntchito. Komabe, malingaliro a chikhalidwe safanana; maiko a ku Southern Yuropu onga Italy ndi Greece ali ndi miyambo ya akulu yolimba kwambiri koma machinjirizo a ntchito ocheperapo, osonyeza kukonda kuchirikiza kwamwaŵi kuloŵerera kwa boma. Zoyesayesa za EU kugwirizanitsa malamulo zapangitsa mamembala onse kuletsa miyezo yapamwamba, koma kutsata masinthidwe ake amasiyana malinga ndi malingaliro a kumaloko.

China ndi South Korea: Kusintha Kofulumira ndi Kugona Mwalamulo

China ndi South Korea ali ndi nkhani zochititsa chidwi za kutembenuza kofulumira. Onse aŵiri ali ndi mizu yakuya ya Confucius yogogomezera ulemu kwa akulu, koma maindasitale, kumanga matauni, ndi lamulo la mwana mmodzi ku China lasinthanso mphamvu za kubadwa. Ku China, Law pa Kutetezera Ufulu ndi Zikondwerero za Okalamba (19669, 2018) imapereka maziko aakulu, kuphatikizapo zofunika za chisamaliro chauzimu , ana ayenera kuchezera makolo awo okalamba. Koma tsankho lakuntchito silinaletsedwe mwachindunji kusiyapo pa zochitika zina. Ulembereko wa munthuweruwo sutembenuzira ku lamulo lapo kwa anthu onse, monga kutchuka kwa antchito achichepere m'mapanga ndi kukonza kwamakono. Mofala, ku South Korea, kuwonjezeranso chikhalidwe chachitukuko chachikhalidwe chachikulu cha kuwonjezera chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri, ngakhale kuti asungedweponso: Chitetezo chakudalira pa njira za . [A]

Mavuto Amene Anthu Amakumana Nawo Posafuna Kusintha Chikhalidwe

Ngakhale pamene malamulo aikidwa pa mabukuwo, chikhalidwe chingafooketse kusungidwa kwa anthu. Kukonda zaka kaŵirikaŵiri kumaonedwa kukhala "kusankhana kosalekeza kovomerezeka" m'madera ambiri, kutanthauza kuti mawu kapena machitachita aupo auchimuna omwe sangakhale ovomerezeka kwa anthu okalamba amaloledwa poyera pamene akulamulidwa. Kulolera kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mabungwe audindo asamaganizire za kukondera anzawo kapena anthu amene akuvutika kuti afike pofika patsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa ku UK anapeza kuti antchito ambiri sanena za tsankho chifukwa choopa kuti akuopa kuti anthu okalamba akakhala ndi mavuto kapena kuti palibe chimene chidzasintha maganizo pa nkhani za chikhalidwe zimene anthu okalamba amayendera.

Chitokoso china ndicho kusiyanitsa kwa msinkhu ndi kudziŵika kwina. Malingaliro a chikhalidwe kulinga ku ukalamba kaŵirikaŵiri amasiyana chifukwa cha ukali, fuko, ndi kupunduka. Akazi achikulire amayang'anizana ndi "kuwopsa kwa kugonana" , ukalamba, ndipo nthaŵi zina ufuko . Komabe malamulo ambiri amawona kukondera kwa misinkhu kukhala nkhani yosagwirizana. Ku Japan, akazi achikulire amavutika kwambiri chifukwa chakuti samakhala ndi mwaŵi wa ntchito zanthaŵi zonse ndipo motero samapindula ndi chitetezo chapamwamba. Mu United States, antchito achikulire a mitundu amayang'anana ndi kusoŵa ntchito ndi malingaliro aupo ndi kuphwanya lamulo, kuti apambane. Makhalidwe amene achibadwa amapangitsa kuchuluka kwa akazi achikulire kapena anthu ochepa a m'banja, amapanga malamulo kukhala ovuta kupambana.

Zimene Zimachitika Chifukwa cha Kusintha kwa Chikhalidwe cha Mayiko

Malamulo a ufulu wa anthu padziko lonse, monga ngati United Nations Principles for Eldern Person ndi [FLT] Maged International Plan of Action on Ageing], kuchirikiza ulemu, ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa anthu okalamba. Komabe, malamulo ameneŵa okha amakhudza malamulo a dziko kufikira pamlingo umene amalimbana nawo kapena kutsutsana nawo chikhalidwe. M’mayiko amene zaka zawo zimaonedwa monga nkhani yachiwere, madandaulo a boma a mayiko onse. Mosiyana, kumene mabungwe a anthu ali amphamvu, angagwiritse ntchito malamulo a mayiko onse kuti asinthe ndi kuti a chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito njira zapadziko lonse zokanira kuchotsa ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito yosinthasintha zinthu.

Malangizo Amtsogolo: Malamulo Okhudza Makhalidwe Abwino

Pamene anthu a dziko lonse ayamba msinkhu, miyambo ikusintha pang’onopang’ono kuchirikiza malingaliro ofala a achikulire achikulire. Kusintha "aubwenzi" kochitidwa ndi bungwe la World Health Organization Age-Friend List Cintuty Kulimbikitsa anthu kuti apange malo okhala, mautumiki, ndi maganizo ophatikizapo anthu achikulire. Kusintha kumeneku kungayambitse kutse malamulo amphamvu a ndale. Zikhoterero zingapo zimene zayamba kuchitika ziyenerera kulingaliridwa:

  • Kusintha ntchito yalamulo: Maiko ambiri akulingalira kuchotsa nyengo zosakwanira za kupuma pantchito kapena kufuna mabwana kusonyeza chofunika cha ntchito yochuluka. New Zealand, Canada, ndi mbali zina za Australia zachotsapo kale kukakamiza kupuma pantchito, kusonyeza kusintha kwa mwambo kulinga ku kuwona antchito okalamba monga chuma mmalo mwa zopinga.
  • Kupatsirana chitetezo kupyola ntchito: ndi kukwera kwa chuma ndi mautumiki a manambala, tsankho la msinkhu poloŵa m'banki, ngongole, ndi ngakhale maalamu akukula. Chikalata cha EU cholingaliridwa cha Audict Intelligence Act chingapereke ku chikhoterero cha algoricism, kuphatikizapo zaka. Kuzindikira kwa chikhalidwe kuti tsankho la ukalamba silimangovulaza antchito okha koma ogula onse akufunikira kuchirikiza kufutukuka kumeneko.
  • Malamulo olimbikitsa kusungitsa: [[FLT: 1] Mkhalidwe wosafuna kuvomereza m'madera ena umasonyeza kufunika kwa zitsanzo zina zosungitsa lamulo: kufufuza kwa boma, ndi zilango zolimba. Kukhazikitsa kwa South Korea kounti ya kuweruzidwa kwa nyengo yopatulidwa ndi komiti ya Japan yogwiritsira ntchito dzina la shame ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kwa malamulo mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe.
  • Kukambitsirana kwa mbadwo ndi maphunziro: [[FLT: 1] Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kumafunikira zambiri kuposa malamulo; kumafuna malingaliro. Programu zimene zimagwirizanitsa anthu achichepere ndi achikulire . Zonga ngati nyumba zapakati pa anthu, zoyesayesa zaulangizi, ndi maphunziro a pasukulu owonjezera pang’onopang’ono zimachepetsa kupendeka kwa amisinkhu. Pamene malingaliro ameneŵa asintha, malamulo adzakhala osavuta kupanga ndi kutsata.

Njira Yopita Patsogolo: Chifuniro cha Kusintha Malamulo Mwachikhalidwe

Opanga malamulo ayenera kuzindikira kuti kuchotsa anthu alamulo kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chimodzi kupita ku china popanda kuzindikira malingaliro ochititsa. M’malo mwake, malamulo aukalamba opindulitsa a tsankho ayenera kulinganizidwa kugwirizanitsa ndi makhalidwe a kumaloko pamene akutsutsa malingaliro ovulaza. Mwachitsanzo, m'mafuko amene amagogomezera thayo la banja, malamulo angapereke chitetezo kwa achikulire monga kupitiriza kuthandiza mabanja awo ndi madera awo, mmalo mwa kuchirikiza ufulu wa munthu aliyense. M'mafuko amene amaona kuti kupikisana ndi kusintha kwa anthu, malamulo angaonetse mmene kusiyana kwa msinkhu kungalimbikitsire magulu ndi chuma.

Pomalizira pake, chisonkhezero cha malingaliro a chikhalidwe pa malamulo a tsankho chiri ponse paŵiri chokakamiza ndi mwaŵi. Pamene kuli kwakuti kuukalamba kozikika kwambiri kungalepheretse kupita patsogolo kwa lamulo, mapindu amakhalidwe ofananawo amene amalemekeza akulu angagwiritsiridwe ntchito kupanga zitetezero zolimba. Cholinga sikupereka chitsanzo chimodzi padziko lonse koma kuchirikiza dziko limene munthu wachikulire aliyense amachitiridwa ulemu ndi chilungamo.