Chisankho cha pulezidenti ndi chimodzi cha zochitika za democracy zazikulu koposa m'dziko lirilonse, makamaka mu United States. Chimaimira mawu onse a nzika zimene zimasankha mtsogoleri wawo ndi kugamula za njira ya dziko lawo kwa zaka zinayi zotsatira. Kumvetsetsa mmene dongosolo locholoŵana limeneli likugwirira ntchito nkofunika kwa nzika iriyonse imene ikufuna kutengamo mbali mwatanthauzo mu demokrase. Chitsochi chomvekera bwino chimaswa mbali iriyonse ya kachitidwe ka kusankha pulezidenti, kuchokera ku ntchito ya ndawala ya tsiku la kutsegulira.

Kumvetsetsa Nthaŵi ya Mtsogoleri wa Chisankho

Chisankho cha pulezidenti wa United States chimachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse ndipo chimadziŵika ndi zochitika zake zocholoŵana ndi zodabwitsa. Malinga ndi Council on Foreign Relations, Chisankho cha Prezidenti wa United States ndi "chimodzi cha zinthu zocholoŵa, zanthaŵi yaitali, ndi zokwera mtengo kwambiri m’dziko. Kachitidwe konseko kamasintha pafupifupi zaka ziŵiri, kuyambika ndi makomiti ofufuza ndi kutha pakutsegulira pulezidenti wosankhidwa chatsopano.

Chisankho cha pulezidenti chimachitika Lachiŵiri pambuyo pa Lolemba loyamba mu November. Komabe, ulendo wopita ku tsiku la chisankho unayamba kale kwambiri. Kusankha pulezidenti mu U.S. kukuyamba m'nyengo yachisanu ya chaka chisanafike General Ecomment ndipo imakhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Kusintha nthaŵi kowonjezerekaku kulola oyembekezera kutchuka, kukweza ndalama, ndi kudziŵitsa malo awo alamulo kwa anthu onse m'dzikolo.

Zofunika za Malamulo za Malamulo a Pulezidenti

Asanaloŵe m'chosankha chenichenicho, kuli kofunika kudziŵa amene angagwiritsirire ntchito pulezidenti. Malamulo a U.S. amakhazikitsa ziyeneretso zapadera za kukhala woyenerera kwa oyembekezera kukhala prezidenti. Wosankha ayenera kukhala nzika ya ku United States yachibadwa, ya zaka zosachepera 35, ndipo wakhala nzika ya United States kwa zaka 14. Ziyeneretso zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti pulezidenti ali ndi kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi dziko ndi chidziŵitso cha moyo chokwanira kusamalira mathayo a ofesiyo.

Mameseji ayenera kutumiza mapepala osiyanasiyana m'dziko lililonse la 50 ngati akufuna kuyenerera pa pepala la boma lililonse, ndi zofunika kuti mulembe mapepala osiyanasiyana pa boma. Njira yoyenerera imeneyi imatanthauza kuti kuthamangira pulezidenti kumafuna kuyendetsa malamulo ndi malamulo 50 osiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera kuvuta kwa kampeniyo.

Kufufuza ndi Mkupiti Ziyambika

Ulendo wokakamba zoona umayamba zaka zingapo pasadakhale, anthu amene akufuna kukambirana, kuonera, ndi kusonkhetsa ndalama kuti akonzekere ntchito zawo.

Oyembekezera kubatizidwa akasankha kuthamanga, choyamba ayenera kukambitsirana ndi chipani chawo, kuyambitsa kufufuza m’mbali zosiyanasiyana za dziko kuti aone mwaŵi wawo wa kupambana, kulinganiza malo awo a ndale zadziko pa nkhani zofunika kwambiri za nthaŵiyo, ndipo makamaka, kukweza ndalama zambiri. Ndalama zambiri za ndawala ya pulezidenti kaŵirikaŵiri zimachokera ku makomiti a ndale zadziko (PAC), zopereka, ndi magulu andale iwo eniwo awonongedwa m’mbiri yonse pa masankhoti a pulezidenti.

Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malamulo a ndawala ya dziko lonse chiyambire ma 1970 ponena za kuvumbulidwa kwa zopereka za ndawala za boma, oyembekezera kukhala prezidenti kuchokera ku zipani zazikulu za ndale zadziko kaŵirikaŵiri amalengeza zifuno zawo za kuthamanga mwamsanga m’chilimwe cha kalendala ya chaka chapitacho chisanakwane chisankhidwe (pafupifupi miyezi 21 ku Kupeka kwa Tsiku). Chilengezo choyambirira chimenechi chimalola oyembekezera kuyambitsa kusungitsa ndalama mwalamulo ndi kumanga ndandanda yaikulu ya ndawala yofunikira kaamba ka fuko la dziko lonselo.

Njira Yoyambirira ndi Yoika Mazira

Njira ya chisankho cha pulezidenti kwakukulukulu imaphatikizapo zipani ziŵiri zazikulu za ndale zadziko, Democratic Party ndi Republican Party, zimene zikuchititsa masankho oyambirira odziŵika monga primie kapena kapuse kusankhira oyembekezera kusankhidwa pa chisankho cha dziko. Mipikisano imeneyi imakhala chiyeso choyamba chachikulu cha kuyenerera ndi kuchonderera kwa wofunsira.

Kodi Ndalama N’zotani?

Malo a milandu ndi masankho a boma kumene ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa zimavotera osankhidwa. Kachitidwe ka chisankho kayamba ndi maprime ndi masutus mu January kapena February wa chaka cha chisankho. Maboma amalinganizidwa ndi boma ndi malo akumaloko kugwiritsa ntchito chilolezo chachinsinsi kuvotera oyembekezera kukhala prezidenti wa gulu lirilonse. Malamulo ndi malamulo a ma primemial amasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku boma ndi boma.

Mkati mwa Presidential Evolution, ovota olembetsedwa okha m'chipani cha ndale zadziko omwe angavotere wosankhidwa wa chipani chimenecho pa chisankho. Ichi chimadziŵika monga Presidential Ofid Primary . Komabe, maboma ena amalola kusintha. Zipani zina za ndale zadziko zimasankha kulola kuti Party Pareference (NP) yovota ikhale ndi phande m'chiyambi chawo chachikulu popanda kulembetsanso. Zimenezi zimadziŵika monga "Propount" kapena Presidenti Opalential .

Kumvetsetsa Kumayambitsa Vuto la Kuzindikira

Mosiyana ndi ma Primial, amene amagwira ntchito ngati masankho amwambo ndi mavoti achinsinsi, ma coucus ndi maphwando akwanuko kumene anthu a pa chipani amakambirana ndi kuvota poyera. Zochitika zimenezi zimafuna kudzipereka kwanthaŵi yaitali kwa otenga mbali koma zimalola kukambitsirana ndi kukambitsirana komvekera bwino ponena za oyembekezera kubatizidwawo.

Kuyambira February zochitika zazikulu zovota ndi zotchedwa Caucus zidzatsogolera ku nthumwi zimene zidzaimira anthu pa misonkhano ikudzayo.

Njira Yoperekera Nthumwi

Boma lililonse, District of Columbia ndi magawo ena a United States amagaŵiridwa chiŵerengero cha nthumwi, kaŵirikaŵiri zikugamulidwa ndi ukulu wa anthu. Kuwonjezerapo, njira imagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuwongolera nambalayo mwa "kulandira" maboma amene, mwachitsanzo, amavotera kaamba ka pulezidenti womalizira wa gulu. Nthumwi zimenezi zimaimira boma lawo m'msonkhano wa dziko lonse ndi kuvota kusankha woloŵa pampando wa pulezidenti wa gulu lililonse.

Pali mitundu iŵiri ya nthumwi m'dongosolo la Democratic Party . Nthumwi zolonjezedwa ziyenera kuchirikiza wobatizidwayo mwa kukhazikitsa gulu lapadera la nthumwi zosatetezedwa kapena mawindo aakulu amene angasankhe mwaufulu amene angafune kuchirikiza. Kuchiyambi kwa 1980 Ddemocratic Party inayesa kubwezeretsa ulamuliro wa utsogoleri wa gulu la prezidenti mwa kupanga gulu lapadera la nthumwi zosazedwa zodziŵika monga mawindo aakulu koposa.

Misonkhano ya Gulu la Dzikolo

Magulu andale achita misonkhano ya dziko lonse kuti asankhe pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti. Msonkhano wa chipani chilichonse umachitika m’chilimwe cha chaka cha chisankho. Osankhidwa ambiri a nthumwi akufunika kuti alandire dzina la chipanichi, chimene nthaŵi zambiri chimafikiridwa kale ndi kudziŵika misonkhano ya dzikolo isanachitike.

Nthumwi za boma za ku maprime ndi makina osankhidwa kuimira anthu tsopano "obwezera" okondwerera awo okondedwa ndi mamembala omalizira a pulezidenti wa gulu lirilonse adzalengezedwa mwalamulo kumapeto kwa misonkhano. Woloŵa wa pulezidenti amasankhanso mnzake wothamanga (Presidenti wa Vietnam).

Misonkhano yadziko imatumikira zifuno zambiri kuposa kungosankha. Zimapereka mpata kwa chipanicho kuti chigwirizane kumbuyo kwa chipani chake, nyenyezi zomakwera m'chipani, ndi kuyambitsa chisangalalo pakati pa zipani ndi anthu onse. Misonkhanoyo imalolanso chipanicho kupereka pulatifomu yake .

Mkupiti Waukulu wa Chisankho

Misonkhano itatha, anthu atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosankha anthu, anthu ofuna kusankhidwawo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chisankho chachisawawa, ndipo mayiko amene akufuna kuvotawo sakudziwa bwinobwino.

Ntchito Zopanga Masewera

Ofuna kusankhidwawo achita mkupiti kufikira Tsiku la Chisankho, pamene Dzikolo pomalizira pake limavotera Pulezidenti wake. Ofuna kulowa m'dziko lonselo, akuwoneka poyera ndi kupereka nkhani. Mikupiti yamakono igwiritsira ntchito njira zambiri zolankhulirana, kuphatikizapo kusatsa malonda a pa wailesi yakanema, mawailesi a mayanjano, mamenti a mameseji, mameseji a foni, kujambula khomo ndi kuloŵetsa, ndi kuchezetsa misonkhano yaikulu.

Atasankha chipani chilichonse cha ndale, oyembekezera kukhala pulezidenti amapita kutsogolo kwa mkupiti wa m'dziko lonselo. Iwo amapita ku zikondwerero ndi kutengamo mbali m'makambitsirano kuti apeze chichirikizo cha ovota m'dziko lonselo. Ndiponso, amafotokozera anthu zolinga zawo ndi malingaliro awo.

Mikangano ya Pulezidenti

Nkhani za Prezidenti zakhala maziko a ndawala zamakono. Zochitika za pa TV zimenezi zimatheketsa oyembekezera kufotokoza malo awo mwachindunji kwa mamiliyoni a oonerera, kuvomereza kutsutsana kwa adani awo, ndi kusonyeza chidziŵitso chawo ndi mkhalidwe wawo pansi pa chitsenderezo. Kaŵirikaŵiri, pali makambitsirano atatu a pulezidenti ndi mbali imodzi yolakwika mkati mwa mkupiti wa chisankho.

Makambitsiranowo amalinganizidwa ndi Commission on Prezidential Depansial Decations, gulu losapanga phindu lokhazikitsidwa mu 1987. Makonzedwe, nkhani, ndi okonza nkhani amafunsidwa pakati pa ndawala ndi bungwe. Kaŵirikaŵiri makambitsirano ameneŵa amaimira nthaŵi zofunika kwambiri m'mikupiti, ndi malingaliro amphamvu kapena ofooka okhoza kusintha maganizo a wovota.

Kudziimira paokha ndi Achigawo Chachitatu

Anthu ena amasankha kuthamangira Prezidenti popanda kugwirizana ndi chipani cha ndale. Ofuna kusankhidwawo safunikira kusankhidwa ndi chipani cha ndale zadziko, koma ayenera kukwaniritsa ziyeneretso zina. Mwachitsanzo, ofuna kulowa m'dzikolo afunikira kusonkhanitsa ziŵerengero zambiri za kusaina kuti achilikize kulembedwa kwawo ndi kupereka chikalata choyenerera.

Pamene kuli kwakuti zipani zazing'ono zimachita mbali m'masankho a pulezidenti, palibe amene anapambana. Mmalomwake, maphwando ameneŵa amapatula mavoti kwa wotchuka, kupatsa wofunsira wina wina malire owonjezereka. Mosasamala kanthu za mavutowo, oyembekezera kukhala mbali yachitatu ndi odziimira paokha amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri popereka chisamaliro ku nkhani zimene zikanyalanyazidwa ndi magulu aakulu.

Kulembetsa Moyenera ndi Kudzisunga

Nzika zisanatengemo mbali m'chisankho, ziyenera kulembetsa kuvota. Kuyenerera kwa munthu kaamba ka kuvota kwakhazikitsidwa m'Malamulo ndi kulamulidwa pamlingo wa boma. Mtengo wa 15, 19 ndi 26 wa Mapempho ku Boma kuti kusakanidwa pamaziko a fuko kapena mtundu, kugonana, kapena zaka za nzika zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kapena kuposapo, kuwonjezera pa ziyeneretso zimenezi zazikulu, uli thayo la malamulo a boma la kulamulira kusankhiridwa ndi kulembetsa.

Maboma amayang'anira zosankha zambiri za mmene masankho amachitidwira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti boma lililonse lili ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana ndi madeti a kulembetsa wovota, kuvota koyambirira, kuphonya, ndi kuŵerengera. Dongosolo loyenerera limeneli likutanthauza kuti ovota ayenera kuzindikira zofunika ndi malire a boma lawo.

Maboma ena amalola kuti tsiku likhale lofanana ndi la anthu ena, pamene ena amafuna kulembetsa masabata angapo chisankho chisanafike. Mayiko ambiri tsopano alembetsa pa Intaneti, ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti anthu ovotawo azikhala osavuta kuwerenga.

Tsiku Losankha: Kuika Zolemba Pamanja

Prezidenti amachitika Lachiŵiri pambuyo pa Lolemba loyamba mu November. Patsiku lino, mamiliyoni a Aamereka amapita kukafufuza malo m'dziko lonselo kukaponya mavoti awo. Pa Tsiku la Chisankho, ovota amapita kumalo ovota ndi kukavota kwa wosankha wawo.

Mavoter ali ndi njira zingapo zoponya mapepala awo, malinga ndi malamulo awo a boma. Chivoti chamwambo pa Tsiku la Chisankho chidakali chotchuka, koma maiko ambiri tsopano amapereka nyengo zovota mofulumira zimene zimalola nzika kuvota mwa munthu Tsiku la Chisankho lisanakwane. Makalata a m'makalata kapena osankha amene alephera kuvota akhalanso ofala kwambiri, kulola ovota kumaliza mapepala awo panyumba ndi kuwabwezera ndi makalata kapena pa malo osankhidwa kuti achotsedwe.

Malamulo a chisankho a boma amalingalira mbali ya chisankho cha pulezidenti pa chisankho cha onse, chimene chimaphatikizapo mipikisano ya mabungwe, boma, ndi maofesi a kumaloko, chotero mafuko ameneŵa amawonekera kwambiri pa pepala limodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti osankha akupanga zosankha osati kokha ponena za unduna wa boma, koma za maofesi ena ambiri ndi mipikisano ya kugawana.

Njira ya Electoral College System

Chimodzi cha mbali zapadera kwambiri ndi zosamvetsetsedwa bwino za chisankho cha pulezidenti wa ku America ndicho Electoral College. Chisankho cha pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wa United States ndicho chisankho chosadziŵika chimene nzika za United States zimene zimalembetsa kuvota mavoti oponya ganyu osati mwachindunji kaamba ka maofesiwo, koma kwa ziŵalo za Ellectoral College.

Mmene Electoral College Imagwirira Ntchito

Mabishopu Opeza Anakhazikitsa Malamulo m’Bungwe la Malamulo, mbali ina, monga kulolerana pakati pa chisankho cha Prezidenti ndi voti ya Congress ndi voti ya Pulezidenti mwa voti yotchuka ya nzika zoyenerera.

Electoral College ili ndi 538 osankhidwa. Osankhidwa 270 akufunika kuti asankhire Pulezidenti. Boma lililonse limalandira osankha ambiri monga mmene lilili ndi mamembala a Congress (Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo). Kuphatikiza pa Washington, D.C. Osankha atatu, pali panopo 538 osankhidwa.

Panthaŵi yeniyeni ya kuvota, nzika sizimavotera mwachindunji oyembekezera kukhala prezidenti koma zikalata za osankhidwa olonjezedwa kwa osankhidwawo. Pamene anthu asankha, iwo kwenikweni amakhala ovota gulu la anthu otchedwa osankhidwa. Dongosolo losadziŵika limeneli limatanthauza kuti voti yotchuka m'boma lirilonse isankha chikalata cha osankhidwa a bomalo chimene adzaponya mavoti a osankhidwa a bomalo.

Njira Zoyendetsera

Maboma makumi anayi ndi asanu ndi atatu ndi District ya Columbia amagwiritsira ntchito njira yopambana yonse, kubwezera mphotho mavoti awo onse kwa wopambana wotchuka wosankha m'boma. Maine ndi Nebraska mobwezera voti imodzi kwa wosankhidwa wotchuka wopambana m'chigawo chilichonse cha chigawo chawo ndi mavoti aŵiri otsala kwa wopambana wa dziko lonse.

Kupambana kopambana kumeneku m'maboma ambiri kumatanthauza kuti wosankha amene amapambana boma ndi mzera waung'ono amalandira mavoti onse a bomalo. Zimenezi zimayambitsa kufunika kwa "timageti" kapena "timagalamu ta " .

Kukumana kwa Openduza

Msonkhano wa opanga umachitika Lachiwiri loyamba Lachitatu Lachiwiri patatha masankho a pa December.

Pa Lolemba loyamba pambuyo pa Lachitatu lachiŵiri mu December, osankhawo amakumana mwapadera m’malikulu a maboma awo . Osankhawo amavotera paokha pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti, ndipo mavoti ameneŵa amatumizidwa ku Congress.

Opeka Chikhulupiriro

Chiyambire kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo la osankhidwa mu 1789, pakhala oposa 150 "Osakhulupirira" osankhidwa, oitanidwa chifukwa chakuti sanavote munthu wosankhidwa ndi chipani chawo. Palibe aliyense wa osankhidwa opanda chikhulupiriro ameneŵa amene adasinthapo zotsatira za chisankho. Maboma ambiri tsopano ali ndi malamulo okakamiza osankha ofunsira amene anapata chisankho chawo chotchuka cha boma.

Chikalata cha Congress ndi Kuperekedwa Kwaukulu

Pa January 6 m’chaka chotsatira chisankho, msonkhano wa Congress umachitidwa motsimikiza ndi kutsimikizira mavoti a voti. Ngati wosankhidwa kukhala prezidenti walandira mavoti 270 kapena kuposapo, wokhala wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti, wogwira ntchito monga pulezidenti wa Nyumba ya Malamulo, pamenepo akulengeza munthuyo kukhala wosankha pulezidenti, motero kumaliza njira yosankhira pa koleji.

Mu 2022, mawu a Electoral Count Reform Act anawonjezanso kulongosola mbali ndi ntchito za Nyumba ya Malamulo ndi wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti m’kuŵerengera zikalata za Electoral College ndi kutsimikizira kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo ilandire ndi kulingalira mavoti osankhidwa amene amasonyeza bwino lomwe zotulukapo za chisankho. Lamulo limeneli linalinganizidwa kuletsa kusokonezeka ndi kupotoza njira yosanthula.

Tsiku la Kuyeretsa zinthu limachitika pa January 20 pa nyumba ya Capitol ku Washington D.C., choyamba, Pulezidenti wa Malamulo walumbira, ndipo pulezidentiyu anatsatiridwa ndi Prezidenti.

Zosankha Zofunika

Ngati palibe wosankhidwa amene alandira mavoti ambiri a voti, votiyo imapita ku Nyumba ya Oimira . Zimenezi zachitika kaŵiri. Ngati wosankhidwayo sapambana mavoti osachepera 270 a osankhidwa, Nyumba ya Oimira, kusankha pakati pa omaliza atatu osankhidwa apamwamba a koleji, amasankha pulezidentiyo mwa voti lachisawawa.

Nthaŵi yoyamba inali pambuyo pa chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 1800 pamene Nyumba inasankha Thomas Jefferson. Pambuyo pa chisankho cha pulezidenti mu 1824, Nyumbayo inasankha John Quincy Adams kukhala pulezidenti. M'chosankha cha authont . Oimira onse m'Nyumba alandira voti imodzi, mosasamala kanthu za chiŵerengero cha anthu a boma, kupanga zimenezi kukhala njira yosiyana kwambiri ndi njira yanthaŵi zonse ya Electoral College sy.

Nkhani ya M’manyuzipepala Otchuka Yonena za Kusintha kwa Zinthu

N’zotheka kupambana pa koleji ya Electoral koma osalandira chivoti. Izi zinachitika mu 2016, 2000, ndi katatu mu 1800. Rutherford Hayes (1888), Benjamin Harrison (1888), George W. Bush (2000), ndi Donald Trump (2016) aliyense anapambana chisankho chosankhidwa pamene analephera kuvota. (M’nkhani yotsatira, Hillary Clinton analandira mavoti pafupifupi atatu miliyoni kuposa Trump.)

Kuthekera kumeneku kwayambitsa mkangano wopitirizabe wa Electoral College . Dongosolo la osankhidwa limeneli la pakoleji lingatsogolere ku mikhalidwe imene wosankha angapeze unduna popanda kupambana chisankho chotchuka, kugogomezera chisonkhezero cha kusankhidwa kwa boma. Pamene kuli kwakuti ena amaona koleji yosankhidwira kukhala njira yolinganizitsira kuimira pakati pa maiko, malingaliro ake pa dongosolo la democracy akupitiriza kukhala nkhani ya mkangano.

Kusintha koleji ya Electoral kuli m'Malamulo a ku United States. Kusintha koikidwiratu kungafunikire kusintha koleji ya Electoral. Chipilala chachikulu chimenechi kuti chisinthe chikutanthauza kuti ngakhale pakhala mikangano, dongosolo la Electoral College likukhalabe m’malo mwake.

Ntchito ya Ndalama pa Zosankha za Pulezidenti

Makampani a zamalonda a m’mayiko 50 amafunika kupereka ndalama zambiri kuti apeze ndalama zambiri popanga chisankho.

Malamulo a zachuma a kampeni amathandiza mmene ndalama zingapangidwire ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito m’masankho a pulezidenti. Mamembala ayenera kuulula zimene anthu amapereka ndi ndalama zimene awononga, ndipo pali malire a kuchuluka kwa anthu amene angapereke mwachindunji ku ndawala. Komabe, kukwera kwa Super PACs (Makomiti Ochitapo Kanthu) ndi magulu ena akunja kwawonjezera kwambiri chiwonjezeko cha ndalama zoperekedwa ku masankhoti a pulezidenti.

Oyembekezera kukhala prezidenti angayenererenso kaamba ka kupereka ndalama za anthu, njira yolinganizidwira kuchepetsa chisonkhezero cha ndalama zaumwini m’masankho. Komabe, m’masankho aposachedwapa, oyembekezera chipani chachikulu asankha mwachisawawa kusapereka ndalama za onse kaamba ka chisankho cha onse chifukwa chakuti angapeze ndalama zambiri mwamseri kuposa zimene dongosolo la kupereka ndalama kwa anthu.

Kufunika kwa Kuswa Maboma

Chifukwa cha Electoral College ndi njira yonse yopambana yogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi maboma ambiri, ndawala za pulezidenti zimasumika maganizo kwambiri pa chiŵerengero chaching'ono cha maboma a mpikisano. Maikowa "timatang" kapena "maboma a membala a kuthamanga" ali ndi magawo kumene opita ku zipani zonse ziŵiriwo ali ndi mwaŵi weniweni wa kupambana.

Maboma amene amavota mokhazikika pa chipani chimodzi .Iwo amalandira chisamaliro chochepa kuchokera ku ndawala chifukwa cha zotulukapo zake zaikidwiratu. Kuchuluka kwa chuma cha ndawala m'maiko ameneŵa kumatanthauza kuti osankha m'maiko ameneŵa amaona kulengeza kwa ndawala, maulendo ofunsira, ndi mizu ya udzu ikulinganiza kuposa ovota m'maboma osapikisana.

Maboma amene kale anali odalirika kwambiri pa dziko kapena la Democratic, akhoza kuyamba kuchita mpikisano, koma mayiko amene kale anali ndi mpikisano wopikisana ndi mayiko ena akhoza kuyamba kuwadziwa bwino.

Kupita Kumwamba ndi Kukhala ndi Mbali

Voter jistaup [1] peresenti ya ovota oyenerera amene amaponyadi osankha mwapadera kuchokera pa chisankho kupita ku chisankho. Chisankho cha pulezidenti chimawona kuwonjezereka kuposa masankho apakati pa nyengo, koma United States kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi wovota wochepera kuposa mademokrase ena otukuka.

Zinthu zambiri zimayambukira wovota, kuphatikizapo mpikisano wa mpikisano wa mpikisano, kupambana kwa zoyesayesa za kutulutsa, malamulo ovomerezeka a voti, kuvota kosavuta (monga ngati kuvota koyamba ndi kusanthula makalata), ndi lingaliro la ovota kuti nkhani zawo zovota. Komiti ya Electoral College ingayambukire kutembenuka, monga ovota m'maboma osakhala opikisana angalingalire kuti voti yawo njosafunika kwambiri.

Zoyesayesa zowonjezera ovota zimaphatikizapo kukakamiza ovota, maprojekiti a maphunziro onena za kuvota, kuwonjezeka kwa mavoti ndi mavoti oyambirira, ndi kupanga Tsiku la Chisankho kukhala holide kapena kuisamutsira kumapeto a mlungu. Kukambitsirana kulikonse kumeneku kuli ndi ochirikiza ndi otsutsa, ndipo mikangano yonena za kuloŵa m’voti ndi kudalirika kwa masankho idakali nkhani zofunika kwambiri za ndale.

Mbali ya Zoulutsira Nkhani ndi Zipangizo Zamakono

Manyuzipepala amathandiza kwambiri pa masankho. Manyuzipepala, mawailesi, ndi mawailesi amafotokoza nkhani, makambitsirano, ndi kukambirana za mpikisano. Kuchuluka kwa nkhani za mpikisano wa matola kunachititsa kuti masankho azikhala a maola 24, pamene makampani a pa intaneti ndi a za chikhalidwe asintha kwambiri mmene makampani amalankhulira ndi ovota ndi mmene anthu amadziŵira nkhani zokhudza anthu ofuna kuvota.

Mapulogalamu a zamayanjano amalola oitanidwa kulankhula mwachindunji ndi ovota popanda mawailesi a wailesi. Kampeni zimagwiritsira ntchito masamu otchuka kuti apezere ovotawo ndi mauthenga ogwirizana. Komabe, makompyuta ameneŵa adzutsanso nkhaŵa za kusocheretsedwa, kuloŵerera m'maiko ena, zachinsinsi, ndi kupangidwa kwa zipinda zolankhulira kumene ovota amakumana ndi chidziŵitso chimene chimatsimikizira zikhulupiriro zawo zomwe zilipo.

Chenicheni chakhala mbali yofunika ya masankho, ndi mabungwe a nkhani ndi ofufuza mfundo aumwini openda kulondola kwa ndemanga za ofuna kusankhidwa. Komabe, kusamala kwa zenizeni m'kusintha malingaliro a ovota kudakali nkhani yokayikiridwa.

Chisungiko ndi Umphumphu

Kutsimikizira chisungiko ndi umphumphu wa masankho kuli nkhaŵa yaikulu m'demokrase iriyonse. United States imagwiritsira ntchito dongosolo la masankho oyenera, ndi boma lirilonse ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri dera lililonse limene limapereka thayo la kusanthula. Kulemekeza kumeneku kumapereka mapindu ena . Palibe chifukwa chimodzi cholepherera chimene chingaswe chisankho chonse cha dziko lapansi . Koma kumayambitsanso mavuto m'kusunga miyezo yosasintha ndi machitachita a chisungiko.

Kuteteza anthu pa chisankho kumaphatikizapo kuteteza anthu kuti asachite zinthu zina zowaopseza, monga kuukira njira zovotera kapena njira zolembera mavoti, kuteteza anthu ovota ndi zipangizo zovotera, ndiponso kuchotsa zikalata zokopa anthu kuti asokoneze ovota kapena kuti afooketse chikhulupiriro chawo pa masankho.

Malo ofufuzira ameneŵa angaphatikizepo kuŵerengera mapepala olemba mapepala olembedwa ndi manja poyerekezera ndi makampani, kupenda kuti makina ovotera agwire ntchito bwino, ndi kutsimikizira kuti mavoti ayende bwino m’nthaŵi yonse ya chisankho.

Kutenga Mphamvu Mwamtendere

Chimodzi cha zizindikiro za demokrase ya Amereka chakhala kusamutsidwa kwamtendere kwa ulamuliro wina kumka ku wina. Pambuyo pa zotulukapo za chisankho ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa prezidenti watsopano, maulamuliro ochoka agwirizana ndi maulamuliro akudzawo kutsimikizira kusintha kwadongosolo.

Kusintha kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kufupikitsa pulezidenti watsopano ndi gulu lawo pankhani za chitetezo cha dziko, nkhani za malamulo opitirizabe, ndi ntchito za boma.

Kusamutsidwa kwa mtendere kwa ulamuliro kumatanthauza kudzipereka ku malamulo a demokrase kuposa zikondwerero za ogaŵanitsa.

Boma ndi Zosankha Zawo pa Ballot Yofananayo

Pamene kuli kwakuti masankho a pulezidenti amalandira chisamaliro chachikulu, ovota akupanga zosankha ponena za maofesi ndi nkhani zambiri panthaŵi imodzimodziyo. Chisankho cha Congress for the House of Messivements ndi Khoti Lamilandu chimachitika panthaŵi imodzi ndi masankho a pulezidenti. Maboma ambiri amachitanso masankho a kazembe, opanga malamulo a boma, ndi mamaofesi ena a boma m’zaka za kusankhidwa kwa pulezidenti.

Chisankho cha malo a mameya, mameya a bungwe la mzinda, akuluakulu a boma, mamembala a sukulu, ndi malo ena akumalo a kumaloko chingawonedwenso pa pepala limodzi. Ndiponso, maboma ambiri amaphatikizapo njira za kuvota kapena zikalata zimene zimalola ovota kusankha mwachindunji mafunso alamulo kapena zisinthiro zalamulo.

Mipikisano ya kujombana ndi kujombana zingakhudze kwambiri miyoyo ya anthu ovota, kaŵirikaŵiri mwachindunji kuposa chisankho cha pulezidenti. Akuluakulu a boma amapanga zosankha zokhudza sukulu, misewu, chitetezo cha anthu, ndi misonkho yakwawo. Akuluakulu a boma amasankha malamulo okhudza maphunziro, zaumoyo, chiweruzo cha apandu, ndi nkhani zina zambiri. Kumvetsa woweruza ndi kusankha mozindikira pa mafuko onse ndi kutsata ndi kutsata ndi kutsata ndi ku mbali yofunika ya kutenga nawo mbali m’boma.

Kusintha kwa Mbiri ya Kusankha kwa Pulezidenti

Kachitidwe ka chisankho cha pulezidenti kasintha kwambiri kuyambira pa chisankho choyamba cha pulezidenti mu 1789. Poyamba, Konsichushoni inapereka kuti wosankha aliyense akaike mavoti aŵiri a pulezidenti, wothamangayo nakhala wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti. Dongosololi linatsimikizira mwamsanga kukhala lovuta ndipo linasinthidwa ndi Lamphumphu la 12 mu 1804, limene linakhazikitsa mavoti opatulira pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti.

Kuwonjezereka kwa ufulu wosankha kwakhala chimodzi cha masinthidwe aakulu kwambiri m'masankho a ku America. Poyamba, amuna achiyera okha ndiwo amene angavote m'mayiko ambiri. Mtengo wa 15 wa pa 1870) unaletsa kukana kuvota kozikidwa pa fuko, ngakhale kuti machitachita aupo a ku Africa anapitirizabe kuletsa anthu ambiri a ku America kuvota kufikira pa Chikalata cha Zotion Act cha 1965. Ofezi ya 19th Amendment (1920) inapatsa akazi ufulu wosankha.

Njira yaikulu yosankhira zipani ndi yothandiza kwambiri. Kwa mbiri yambiri ya ku America, atsogoleri a zipani anasankha anthu pa misonkhano popanda kuuzidwa ndi anthu wamba ovota. Dongosolo lalikulu linayamba pang’onopang’ono kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20 ndipo linakhala njira yaikulu yosankha amyansi pambuyo pa kusintha kwa zinthu m’ma 1970.

Malingaliro a Padziko Lonse pa Zosankha za ku America

Chisankho cha pulezidenti wa ku America nchapadera pakati pa mademokrase. Maiko ambiri a democracy amagwiritsira ntchito madongosolo a nyumba ya malamulo kumene osankha opanga malamulo, ndipo opanga malamulo amenewo kenaka amasankha mutu wa boma. Chisankho chachindunji cha pulezidenti nchosafala, ndipo dongosolo la Electoral College liridial ku United States.

Anthu ambiri amadabwa ndi masankho a ku America, makamaka Electoral College system, nyengo yaitali ya ndawala, ntchito ya ndalama m'ndale, ndi kuyendetsa bwino masankho. Komabe, zisankho za ku America zimakopanso anthu a mitundu yonse chifukwa cha mbali ya United States pa zochitika za dziko lonse. Zotsatira za masankho a pulezidenti a ku America zingakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu za kugwirizana kwa mayiko, malonda, zigwirizano za chitetezo, ndi nkhani zapadziko lonse zonga kusintha kwa nyengo.

Kuloŵa M’gulu la Malamulo Ogwirizana

Pamene kuli kwakuti kuvota kuli njira yachindunji kwambiri imene nzika zimatengamo mbali m’chosankha cha pulezidenti, pali njira zina zambiri zoloŵera m’dongosolo la demokrase. Nzika zingadzipereke kaamba ka ndawala, kupanga mafoni, kugogoda pamakomo, kapena kuthandiza ndi olembetsa.

Kutengamo mbali m’ndale kungaphatikizeponso kukambitsirana ndale zadziko ndi mabwenzi ndi banja, kukhala odziŵitsidwa ponena za zochitika zamakono ndi nkhani za lamulo, kukumana ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa kuti apereke malingaliro, ndi kukhala ndi phande m’magulu aukapolo amene amachirikiza nkhani zodetsa nkhaŵa. nzika zina zimaloŵetsedwamo mozama mwa kuthamangira ku udindo, kugwira ntchito m’magulu a ndale zadziko kapena m’mikupiti, kapena kukhala nduna zamasankho kapena antchito ofufuza.

Kumvetsa mmene masankho amagwirira ntchito, mmene boma limagwirira ntchito, ndiponso mmene angapendere nkhani zandale n’kofunika kwambiri kwa nzika.

Kumaliza: N’kofunika Kumvetsa Zimene Mukuchita

Chisankho cha pulezidenti nchochovuta, chikuphatikizapo masitepe angapo kuchokera ku mbali yoyamba ya kufufuza kupyolera m'maprojekiti ndi mabuleki, misonkhano yadziko, ndawala ya chisankho, Kuvota kwa Tsiku la Chisankho, voti ya Electoral College, chikalata chovomerezeka, ndipo pomalizira pake. Kucholoŵana kumeneku kumasonyeza dongosolo la boma la America ndi kulinganiza kosamala kwambiri kwa opanga malamulo ofuna kuchititsa chidwi ndi nkhaŵa zosiyanasiyana.

Kudziwa zimenezi n’kofunika kwambiri kuti anthu akhale nzika yodziwa bwino ntchito yawo, ndipo ngati anthu amvetsa mmene mapresidenti amasankhidwira, akhoza kusankha zinthu mwanzeru, ndiponso angaimbe mlandu akuluakulu a boma amene asankhidwa.

Mosasamala kanthu za kucholoŵana kwake ndi mikangano yopitirizabe yonena za kusintha kothekera, kachitidwe ka chisankho ka prezidenti kadakali njira imene Amereka amasankhira mtsogoleri wawo ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zoyenera zawo za demokrase. Pazaka zinayi zirizonse, kachitidwe kameneka kamapereka mwaŵi kwa nzika kusanthula chitsogozo cha dziko lawo, kulingalira masomphenya osiyana kaamba ka mtsogolo, ndi kupanga mawu awo kumvedwa kupyolera m’mavoti awo.

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane cha kachitidwe ka chisankho cha pulezidenti, mungachezere .gov tsamba la chisankho , limene limapereka ziŵiya zambiri ponena za kuvota ndi masankho. National Archives Electoral College [FLD ] tsamba imapereka chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane ponena za mmene Electoral College imagwirira ntchito. M'PUP], [[FTF: 4.] .S Komiti ya Komiti ya Komiti ya ezaungwe imapereka ziŵiro za kayendetsedwe ka chisankhoti ndi chitetezo.

Kaya muli wovota woyamba kapena watha zaka zambiri mu ntchito ya demokrase, kumvetsa dongosolo la pulezidenti la chisankho kumakupatsani mphamvu kuti mukhale ndi phande mokwanira mu ntchito imodzi yofunika kwambiri ya boma la Amereka mu demokrase. Mwa kukhalabe wodziŵa, kuphatikizidwa ndi nkhanizo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanu kuvota, muthandizira ntchito yopitiriza ya kudzisankhira yosonyeza dala mu America.