Dongosololo limaimira kulolerana pakati pa masomphenya atatu opikisana pa Convention of Constitution:

• Chisankho cha Nyumba ya Malamulo (kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa boma pa bwana)
• Voti yotchuka yodziŵika kwambiri (imene maiko aang’ono ankaopa ikawachepetsa)
• Kusankha boma la malamulo (kusunga chigwirizano koma kuchepetsa demokrase)

Electoral College inatulukira kukhala chiwopsezo cha boma, kulinganiza mfundo za demokrase ndi mphamvu ya boma ndi kupanga chotetezera pakati pa anthu ndi pulezidenti . Chimene Alexander Hamilton anatcha chitetezero ku "kusokonezeka ndi chisokonezo".

Mmene Maluŵa Aubongo Akhalira Opatulidwa

Boma lililonse limalandira mavoti a pulogalamu olingana ndi kuimira kwake koikika kwa Congress :

• 2 Osankha a Senator (boma lililonse lili ndi aŵiri)
• Mavoti owonjezereka olingana ndi Oimira Nyumba yake (mibadwo ya anthu)
• Washington D.C. alandira mavoti 3 osankhidwa kupyolera m’Chikalata cha 23 Demetrimest

Njira imeneyi imapangitsa kusiyana kosangalatsa. California, boma la anthu ochuluka koposa, lili ndi mavoti 54 (oimira 2 Sanitors +) kwa anthu 39 miliyoni . Ngakhale kuti pali voti imodzi yosankhika pa anthu 723,000. Whoming ali ndi mavoti 3 a anthu 5800,000 pa anthu 193,000. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti munthu wa Wyoming ali ndi mphamvu yoposa Elctal College .7 kawiri konse mphamvu ya ELCRETAL .

Chiŵerengero cha Masalamu: 270

With 538 total electoral votes, a candidate needs an absolute majority of 270 to win the presidency. This isn't just a plurality—finishing first isn't enough. You need more than half, which becomes crucial in close elections or when third-party candidates win electoral votes.

Ngati palibe wosankha amene afika 270 (imene sinachitike chiyambire 1824), chisankhocho chimapita ku Nyumba ya Oimira, kumene nthumwi za boma zirizonse zimapeza voti imodzi mosasamala kanthu za ukulu wake) kupatsa Wopanga mphamvu yofanana ndi ya California posankha pulezidenti.

Mmene Electoral College Imagwirira Ntchito: Ntchito Yokwanira

Mfundo 1: Chisankho cha mu November

Pamene Aamereka asankha pulezidenti, iwo kwenikweni amakhala akuvotera [[FLT: 0] chisankho cha osankhira [1] adalonjeza kwa wosankhidwa wawo. Osankhidwa ameneŵa ali otchuka:

• Ochirikiza chipani ndi ochirikiza kuchirikiza gulu
• Akuluakulu a boma osankhidwa
• Atsogoleri a chipani cha boma
• Anthu amene ali ndi maunansi aumwini ndi wofunsira

Ovota ambiri samadziŵa kuti osankha ameneŵa ndi ati . Mayina awo sapezeka kaŵirikaŵiri pa mapepala. Mmalomwake, mavoti amasonyeza maina a pulezidenti, ndi kuzindikira kuti kuvota kwa wosankhidwa kumatanthauza kuvota kwa osankhidwa awo.

Sitepe 2: Boma Linatsimikiza Kudziikira Kumbuyo

maboma onse pamodzi ndi D.C. gwiritsirani ntchito madongosolo opambana a zonse [1] kumene wofuna kubatizidwa alandira mavoti ambiri (ngakhale ngati si ambiri) amapambana mavoti onse a boma. Maboma aŵiri okha ndi osiyana:

MAINE ndi Nebraska amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya chigawo ya

• 2 mavoti osankhidwa amapita kwa wopambana m’dziko lonse
• Mavoti osankhidwa otsala aperekedwa ndi chigawo cha bungwe la ountenant
• Zimenezi zingagawike mavoti a boma (monga momwe zinachitikira ku Maine mu 2016 ndi 2020, Nebraska mu 2008 ndi 2020)

Njira yopambana yosinthira njira zonse za mpikisano. Kupambana California 5.0.1% mpaka 49.9% kumatulutsa mavoti 54 osankhidwa monga kupambana 70% mpaka 30%. Izi zimalimbikitsa ofuna kupambana kuyang'ana ku maiko a mpikisano pamene akunyalanyaza " chisungiko" maboma.

Mfundo 3: Msonkhano wa ku Koleji wa December

Lachiŵiri Lachiŵiri Lachitatu mu December, ovota amakumana m'malikulu awo a boma kuti akavote. Kumeneku si msonkhano wa dziko lonse. Kulibe "Electoral College" yokumana. Mmalomwake, misonkhano 51 imachitika panthaŵi imodzi.

Maboma ambiri amamanga osankha mwalamulo kuti avote munthu amene walonjeza kuti adzapita ku ukwatiwo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Malamulo adziko [ amafuna kukhulupirika (magawo 33 ophatikiza D.C.)
• [[Kusankha:0] Ndalama zovota zopanda chikhulupiriro [1] Kuphatikizanso ndalama zokwana madola 1.000
• Malo oloŵa mmalo a makonzedwe kulola magulu kulowa mmalo mwa osankhi osakhulupirira
• Zofunika pa pepala asanalembe

Chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu la 2020 mu Chiafalo v. Washington [1] chinachirikiza ufulu wa maboma wa kuonetsetsa kuti mavoti akugwirizana ndi zitsimikizo, kutha kwenikweni chochitika chakale cha osankhi opanda chikhulupiriro chosintha zotsatirapo.

Sitepe 4: Kuŵerengera Mabungwe ndi Chitsimikizo

Pa January 6, bungwe la Joint Study of Congress linasankha mavoti osankhidwa, ndipo pulezidenti wa bungwelo ankatsogolera zinthu zina mwakuti nthawi zina ankafunika kulengeza kuti agonjetsedwa, monga momwe anachitira Al Gore mu 2001 ndipo Mike Pence mu 2021.

Njirayo imayenda bwino, koma Electoral Count Act ya mu 1887 (yokhala mu 2022) imapereka njira zotsutsira:

• Zipinda zonse ziŵirizi zimafuna kuchirikizana
• Kutsutsana kulikonse kwa maola aŵiri
• Onse aŵiri ayenera kuvota kuti achirikize kukana mavoti osankhidwa

Pa January 6, 2021, kuukira Capito pa mwambo umenewu kunasonyeza kuti anthu a m’dzikoli ali pangozi yokumana ndi mavuto a chikhulupiriro choipa.

Sitepe 5: Kutsegula

Wopambanayo amaloŵa mu ofesi masana pa January 20, akumamaliza mchitidwe wautali umene unayamba ndi ndawala zazikulu zaka ziŵiri m’mbuyomo.

Projekiti: Ndemanga Zochititsa Kupitirizabe ku Eslectoral College

Kuteteza Boma la Anthu Ochepa

Achilikizi a Koleji a m'malereal amatsutsa dongosololo kuletsa ndawala za pulezidenti kukhala zosumika kotheratu pa malo aakulu a anthu. Popanda ilo, oyembekezera kuchita kampeni kokha m'matauni aakulu, akumanyalanyaza nkhaŵa za m’midzi ndi za m'madera ang'onoang'ono.

Magulu amakono oyembekezera kumanga moyo wosiyanasiyana . Kupambana kumafuna kukopa alimi ku Iowa, antchito a fakitale ku Michigan, opuma pantchito ku Florida, ndi antchito aluso ku North Carolina. Kugaŵiridwa kwa malo kumeneku kumatsimikizira mapresidenti kuwona zabwino za chigawo.

Maboma aang'ono amalandiranso chisamaliro chosayerekezereka chogwirizana ndi anthu awo. Mavoti anayi a New Hampshire safunikira kukhala amtengo wapatali, komabe mkhalidwe wake wa dziko lachilendo umachititsa kampeniyo kukhala yapadera. Pansi pa voti yotchuka, oyembekezerawo anganyalanyaze kotheratu New Hampshirites 1.4 miliyoni.

Ziphunzitso Zochuluka Zolimbikitsa

Electoral College imati amalimbikitsa oyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo modekha [[FLT :1] amene angakope madera ena. Kupambana mavoti 270 kumafuna kupambana maboma aufulu a kumpoto chakummaŵa, maboma osasintha a ku Southern, ndi maiko a ku Central. Mwachidziŵikire, zimenezi zimakoka ofunsira kukafika pakati.

Dongosololi limalimbikitsanso anthu kumanga magulu oyendera limodzi odutsa m'madera ena. A Republican ayenera kupambana m'madera ena a m’tauni; Democrat afunikira anthu a kumidzi osunga mwambo. Kumanga mogwirizana kumeneku kumachititsa mapresidenti kukhala ndi malamulo ambiri kuposa voti yotchuka.

Kupereka Zotsatira Zotsimikizirika

Electoral College kaŵirikaŵiri imaposa mipata ya voti yotchuka, kupereka zifuno zowonekera bwino ndi kupeŵa kutsata nkhani za mkangano m'dziko lonse. Mu 1960, Kennedy anapambana chivoti chotchuka ndi 0.17% yokha koma inalandira chipambano chosangalatsa cha 303-219. Chiyambukiro chimenechi chikhoza kupereka bata ndi kuyenerera.

Dongosololo likusonyezanso maboma a mtundu uliwonse m’malo mwa kufuna kuti dziko lonse likhale lalitali. Chiwerengero cha 2000 Florida chinali chowonongeka; tayerekezerani kuti msokonezo m'zigawo zonse 50. Electoral College imachititsa mikangano, kuletsa mavoti angapo ku California kuyambitsa nkhani m'dziko lonselo.

Kusunga Utsogoleri

Electoral College imaphatikizapo malamulo a zandale pakati pa malamulo a America. Maboma amasankha okha, amakhazikitsa malamulo awo (m’migamulo ya malamulo), ndipo amasunga kufunika kwawo monga magawo andale mmalo mwa magawo a uyang’aniro.

Njira imeneyi ya boma imalola kuyesa [1] Maine ndi Nebraska, kuyesa kuvota kwapamwamba, ndi malamulo oyambirira ovota. Voti yotchuka ya dzikolo ingafunikire kukhazikitsa njira zosankhira, kuchepetsa ufulu wa boma.

Kusungabe Chisungiko cha Mbali Ziŵiri

Electoral College imafunikira ndi kupambana konse kwa chilengedwe [[FLT: 0] imakakamiza dongosolo la mbali ziŵiri . Magulu achitatu sapambana mavoti a voti, kulimbikitsa zipani zazikulu mmalo mwa nyumba za malamulo zamitundu yambiri za ku Ulaya zofuna maboma ogwirizana.

Pamene akuchepetsa chosankha, kukhazikika kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti America amapeŵa mavuto a boma osautsa mademokrase ena.

Nkhani: Ndewu Zotsutsana ndi Electoral College

Kutenga Uchiŵanda Kolamulira Mwademokrase

Kusuliza kwakukulu n’kosavuta: wosankha amene ali ndi mavoti ochepa angapambane [1]. Zimenezi zinachitika mu 1876, 188, 2000, ndi 2016, ndi Pulezidenti Hayson, Harrison, Bush, ndi Trump atalandidwa ntchito ngakhale kuti voti yotchukayo inatha. Mu 2016, Hillary Clinton analandira mavoti pafupifupi 3 miliyoni kuposa Donald Trump koma anataya 227 - 304 m'voti zovota.

Izi zikuswa lamulo la democracy lalikulu . Ochuluka ayenera kulamulira. Palibe democracy ina imene imalola womaliza wachiŵiri kupambana. Bwanamkubwa, mameya, zonsezo zimafuna kupambana kochuluka; kokha demokrase imalola osankha otchuka kupambana.

Otsutsa amatsutsa zimenezi kuchepetsa [[FLT: 0] kuyenerera . Kodi mapresidenti anganene motani kuti ali ndi mphamvu pamene osankha ambiri asankha wina? Kulephera kwa lamulo kumeneku kungafooketse mapresidenti a m'banja ndi m'mayiko ambiri.

Kugwiritsidwa Mwala

Fambiselo yopambana imatanthauza [[FLT: 0] mavoti ambirimbiri samachita bwino. Mbanjalo ku California kapena Democrat ku Alabama amadziŵa kuti voti lawo la pulezidenti silingayambukire zotsatira zake. Zimenezi zimayambitsa mavuto angapo:

[[FLT: 0] Dipression Turnout [1] : Nchifukwa ninji kuvota pamene zotulukapo zaikidwa? Maboma osatetezereka amawona kutsika kwa kubwerera, kuchepetsa kutengamo mbali kwa demokalase. Mu 2020, Wisconsin adawona 75% yothamanga ndi 67% mu New York yosapikisana.

Mavoti osamvedwa [1]: Ovota a Trump 4.5 miliyoni mu California ndi 3.8 miliyoni ovota a Biden ku Texas analibe chonena chosankha pulezidenti. Mavoti awo anazimiririka m'zosankha zonse zopambana.

Sayeni Yosalingana [[FLT: 1] : Geography imapereka kufunika kwa voti. Wovota Florida akuyang'anizana kwambiri; wovota wa Hawaii kulembera. Lotale ya malo akunja imeneyi imaswa lamulo la kulingana kwa wovota.

Kupotoka kwa Boma

Electoral College imasumika maganizo onse pa ndawala yodzala ndi maboma ampikisano . Mu 2020, 96% ya zochitika za ndawala zinachitika m’maboma 12 okha. Ofuna kubatizidwa anachita mkupiti wankhondo mu maboma 33 pambuyo pa misonkhano.

Zimenezi zimasonkhezera anthu kuchita zinthu zoipa:

• Forida's okalamba [[FLT: 1] amayendetsa malamulo a Medicare
• Kugunda kwa magetsi kwa pennsylvania kumakhudza njira yamagetsi
• Malamulo a malonda a galimoto
• [[ML:0] Alimi a Iowa [[FULT:1] amagamula ndalama zothandizira ulimi

Pakali pano, maindasitale a tekinoloji ya California, chigawo cha magetsi cha Texas, ndi indasitale ya zachuma ya New York (yofunika kwambiri mwa zachuma) imalandira chisamaliro chapamwamba cha pulezidenti chifukwa chakuti maboma awo sali opikisana.

Kukhoza Kulamulira Anthu Ochepa

Electoral College imatheketsa malamulo a kagulu ka zinthu kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana

. .Senenate Bias : Popeza kuti boma lirilonse limakhala ndi oimira aŵiri mosasamala kanthu za anthu, maboma aang'ono amaimira mopambanitsa. Maboma 20 aang'ono kwambiri ali ndi 40 miliyoni oimira anthu 35 miliyoni; 40 miliyoni a California ali ndi oweruza aŵiri okha. Kusankha kumeneku kumasintha mavoti osankhidwa.

Gerrymandering Programs : M'maboma kugwiritsira ntchito njira za chigawo (kapena ngati zambiri zimatsatira), zigawo zosankhidwa zikhoza kugamula mavoti a voti, kulola anthu ochepa kupambana maulamuliro.

Chisankho chosankhira [1]: Ngati chisankho chipita ku Nyumba, boma lililonse limatenga chivoti chimodzi. Maboma 26 aang'ono kwambiri oimira 17% a anthu angasankhe pulezidenti.

Kutsekereza Mapwando Achitatu ndi Kukonzanso

Electoral College ya kupambana chibadwa ndi chiyeneretso chachikulu chogwira ntchito ku kuletsa mbali zachitatu kupikisana. Gulu lachitatu lopambana 20% ya dzikolo koma osapambana maboma alionse limalandira mavoti osasankhika. Izi zinachitika kwa Rosss Perot mu 1992 .19% ya mavoti, mavoti osankhidwa ndi osankhidwa.

Kuletsa kumeneku ndi kuletsa malingaliro atsopano kuloŵa m’ndale zazikulu.

Nkhani Zovuta Kwambiri

Ngozi ya Hayes - Tilden ya mu 1876

[1] Chisankho [1] 1876 [[FLT : 1] chinatsala pang'ono kuswa demokrase ya America. Democrat Samuel Tilden anapambana chivoti chotchuka ndi 3% ndi kutsogolera 18465 m'voti yosankhidwa, kupereŵera kwa chipambano. Mavoti 20 osankhidwa kuchokera ku Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina, ndi Oregon adayambitsa vuto.

Congress anapanga bungwe lapadera la Electoral Commission limene linapereka mavoti 20 onse kwa Republican Rutherford Hayes pa zipani. A Democrates anavomereza zimenezi kokha pambuyo poti anthu a ku Republica anavomera kuthetsa chigwirizano ndi kutumiza anthu a ku Africa kwa Jim Crow.

Chida Chotchedwa Bush - Gore Debacle cha 2000

Chigamulo cha [1] [2000] chinafika ku mavoti 25 a voti Florida. Pambuyo pa mwezi wa mavoti, milandu, ndi "kugwedeza chad" mikangano, chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu 5-4 mu Bush v. Gore [1] analeka kujambula, kupatsa Bush madansi a 537-ooooooooooo Florida ndi kuyendetsa chigawo mosasamala kanthu za kutaya kwa dziko lonse ndi 544,000 mavoti.

Zimenezi zinavumbula kuthekera kwa Electoral College kwa:

• Kusinthasintha kwa chigawo chapamwamba kupyolera m'zosankha zochotsa ndi mapulani a chisankho
• kuloŵerera kwa judicial kulola makhoti kugamula ma pulezidenti
• Masiku a m'madeti amene amaika malire a mapeto olondola

Zotsatira zake zinali kusintha masankho ambiri koma zinasiya dongosolo lalikulu la Electoral College lisanasinthe.

Mphepo ya Trump-Clinton 2016

2016 anasonyeza kulephera kwamakono kwa Electoral College . Clinton anapata ndi 2.87 miliyoni (mavoti aakulu kwambiri otchuka kwa wofunsira amene watayika. Trump's 77,744-voti ophatikizidwa ku Michigan, Wisconsin, ndi Pennsylvania anatumiza decion.

Ichi sichinali chiwopsezo koma chosonyezedwa kukondera kwa nyumba . A Democrates mowonjezereka kusumika maganizo m'mizinda, "kuponya mavoti m'kupambana kwa nthaka. Republican adafalikira bwino lomwe kumadera a m’midzi ndi m’midzi, kuwonjezera kuyendetsa bwino Electoral College. Kusankha kumeneku kumatanthauza Democrates kufunikira mizera yotchuka kuti apeze malo aakulu osankhidwa ndi anthu.

Mavuto 2020 ndi January 6

Chisankho cha Electoral College chikusonyeza kuti chisankho chatsopano chinapezeka. Mosasamala kanthu za mavoti 7 miliyoni ndi kupambana kwa masankho 306-32, mavuto a Trump anapambana:

• Makonzedwe a voti ogwirizana kumene Republics m'maiko asanu ndi aŵiri Biden anapata zikalata zonyenga zosankhidwiratu
• Kutsendereza kwa akuluakulu a boma kuti "fikire" mavoti kapena kukana chikalata chokayikitsa
• Kukana kulephera kwa kuyesa mkati mwa kuŵerengera 6 kwa January
• Chitsenderezo cha Pulezidenti wa Vonice kukana mavoti osankhidwa popanda kugawana

Kuukira kwa Capitol kwa January 6 kunali ndi cholinga chosokoneza kuŵerengera masankho osankhidwiratu, kukusonyeza mmene njira zovuta za Electoral College zimapangitsira mipata ya kuukira boma imene siikanakhalapo pansi pa chivoti chotchuka.

Kusintha ndi Njira Zina

Kulalikira ku Electoral College

Kusintha kowongoka kwambiri [1] kukonzanso kwa voti yotchuka ] [1] Malo akufupi ndi zopinga zosagonjetseka:

Kugwirizana ndi Ziyeneretso [1]: Zigawo ziŵiri chitatu za zonse ziŵiri Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo, ndiyeno zitatu zinayi za malamulo a boma ziyenera kuvomerezedwa. Maboma aang'ono opindula ndi dongosolo lamakono angalepheretse kusintha.

Iniweni : 33 maboma ali ndi mavoti osakwanira 11 osankhidwa ndipo amapindula ndi kufalikira kwa zinthu. Kupeza maboma 38 kuchepetsa mphamvu zawo zimawoneka kukhala zosatheka.

Anthu ambiri amagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti zinthu zitha kutha chitachita zinthu zina, ndipo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti 60 - 65% amagwirizana ndi mavoti otchuka.

Chigwirizano Chotchuka cha Boma la Interstate

National Popular Vote Interstate Compact (NPVIC) [NFLT:1] imapereka mapeto opitira ku kukonzanso koikidwiratu. Maboma amalonjeza mavoti awo osankhidwa kwa wopata wotchuka wa dzikolo amene anapata chivoti nthaŵi ina akuphatikizapo mavoti 270 osankhidwa.

C Ukhalidwe Wamakono : 17 magawo ophatikizapo D.C. agwirizana, onse pamodzi 209 mavoti osankhidwiratu (77% ya njira yogwirizanitsira. Komabe, zonse ndi maboma a Democratic-leaning. Palibe maboma a Republica agwirizana, akumaletsa kupita patsogolo.

Mafunso a m'malamulo [1]: Otsutsa Chigwirizanochi amatsutsa Communice Communice Claus yofuna chilolezo cha bungwe la Communist Claus kuvomereza pangano la mayiko amodzi. Ochirikiza amalemba kokha mphamvu ya kugawa osandutsa.

Nkhaŵa za [1] : Kodi chingachitike n’chiyani ngati maboma atalephera? Kodi mungafotokoze bwanji ntchito?

Alcanding Wachigawo

Kufutukula Maine ndi Nebraska m'dziko lonselo [[FLT: 0] ndi mavoti osankhidwa ndi chigawo cha chigawo cha chigawo cha chigawo [1] kuphatikizapo aŵiri a opambana m'dziko lonselo.

[[FUL:0] Malo apamwamba [[FUL:1]

• imachititsa mbali zambiri za mpikisano
• Kumasonyeza bwino kusiyana kwa mikhalidwe
• Kasunge dongosolo la boma

[[FUL:0] Malo oonerapo [[FULT:1]

• Kuyang’anira kukanasankha kuti atsogoleli akhale
• N’zotheka kupanga mavoti otchuka kwambiri
• Kuchititsa kuti zinthu zizivuta komanso kuti zizitha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina

Kufufuza kukusonyeza kuti Romney anapambana mu 2012 m’dongosolo lino ngakhale kuti m’mphepete mwa voti 5 miliyoni munalembedwa ndi Obama, kusonyeza mmene kugwiritsa ntchito dala anthu ochepa kungagwiritsire ntchito ulamuliro wawo.

Kusamukira Kudziko

Maboma akanatha kuvota kwa voti mogwirizana ndi mavoti a voti. Kupambana 60% ya Pennsylvania kukatulutsa 12 a mavoti ake 20 osankhidwa.

[[FUL:0] Benefit[[FUL:1]:

• Chisankho chilichonse chili ndi nkhani kulikonse
• Anthu achitatu akanapambana osankhidwa
• Kuchepetsa ulamuliro wa boma

[[MMENE] Zipsepse[[MMWI]:

• Palibe wosankha amene angafikire 270, akumakasankha ku Nyumbayo
• Amafuna kuti ana olera agwirizane kuti apeŵe kuchotsa ana olera oyambirira
• Mavoti a tizigawo ta mavoti amachititsa kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta kuzimvetsa

Njira Yachiŵiri ya Msonkhano Wachigawo

Njira ya pirate ikanasiyana ndi njira ya chigawo yamakono mwa kuchotsa mavoti osankhidwa a boma.

Izi zikapanga zigawo zopikisana 435 komanso zisonkhezero zopindulitsa kaamba ka ndawala za boma lonse. Komabe, zikawonjezera kwambiri kufunika kwa gerrymandering ndipo zikatulutsa zotulukapo zosokoneza.

Chifukwa Chake Electoral College Idakapitirizabe Mosasamala Kanthu za Kusulizidwa

Nyumba Zomangidwa

Bungwe la Electoral College silinafe chifukwa anthu amene ali ndi mphamvu zolisintha amapindula nalo:

State Spenators : Olamulira ochokera m'maiko opimira sachepetsa chisonkhezero chawo. Oyendetsa ntchito za bungwe la United States sasankha kupanga Wyoming kukhala wosafunika m'ndale za pulezidenti.

Mapindu a Boma ogwirizana [1]: Maboma ogwirizana amalandira ndalama za boma, chithandizo cha tsoka, ndi malamulo. Nkuloleranji kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi?

Party Clauditions [[FLT :1]: Republicas zikupindula ndi Electoral College revolution. Nchifukwa ninji iwo angachotseretu phindu?

Kudzibisa

Ngakhale ofufuza za ku Electoral College amawopa zotulukapo zosayembekezeredwa:

Campaign Machiza : Kodi mavoti otchuka akakhala odula kwambiri? Kodi mabiliyoni angakhale ndi chisonkhezero chowonjezereka?

Kuŵerengera Chaos : Kodi chigamulo chilichonse chapafupi chikayambitsa chisankho m'dziko lonselo chimasonyeza miyezi yokhalitsa?

Urban Dominicing : Kodi madera akumidzi anganyalanyazidwe kotheratu ndi voti yotchuka?

Kukopa [1]: Kodi demokalase ingatheketse mademokrase kupambana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu?

Mantha ameneŵa ndi omveka, ena amakuza zinthu mwachisawawa, ndipo amachititsa kuti anthu akhale ndi maganizo olakwika.

Ulemu wa Malamulo

Aamereka ambiri amawona Konsichushoni kukhala yopatulika, kupangitsa masinthidwe a kapangidwe kuwona kukhala ngati kupatulika. Electoral College, mosasamala kanthu za zophophonya zake, imanyamula kulakwa kwa Oyambitsa. Kuisiya imamva ngati kusiya ku Amereka apadera.

Kuumirira mwambo kumeneku kumaletsa kupenda koyenera. Oyambitsawo anayembekezera kuti malamulo alamulo asinthe zinthu mwanthaŵi zonse. Iwo angadabwe kuti tasintha zaka 27 zokha m’zaka 235.

Tsogolo la College ya Electoral

Kukonda Kufa

Kusinthana kwa chiŵerengero kungabwezeretse Electoral College mwachibadwa:

[[FLT: 0] Sun Belt Growth [FLT : Texas, Florida, Arizona, ndi Georgia akupeza mavoti osankhidwa ndi kukhala wopikisana. Zimenezi zingathetse phindu la Electoral College ya Republica.

Rust Belt Decline: Michigan, Pennsylvania, ndi Wisconsin akulephera chisonkhezero chochepa, kukhoza kuchepetsa kufunika kwawo.

Urban Expand : Kukula kwa malo a metro m'maboma akale ofiira (Atlanta, Phoenix , Houston) kukhoza kupangitsa maiko Democrat kukhala osatha m'zaka makumi ambiri.

Kusinthana kumeneku kungapangitse kuti Electoral College ikhale yoimira kwambiri — kapena nthumwi zatsopano zimene sitingathebe kuneneratu.

Chiyambukiro cha Zipangizo

Luso la zopangapanga lingayambukire Electoral College mpaka:

Micro-Tultro : chidziŵitso chachikulu chimalola wovota wosayerekezereka kujomba, amene angapange maboma ambiri mwa mipikisano ya opaleshoni.

Mpweya ndi Disformation : Electoral College's pa chigawo chimodzi ndi chimodzi imapanga malo 51 oukirapo kaamba ka kuyendetsa masankho.

Online Organing : zida za manambala zingakhozetse mbali zachitatu kuchita mpikisano wopambana pa mavoti osankhidwa.

Kusanthula [1]: Kuvota kwa pa foni kungawonjezere kuthamanga kwa boma, kukhoza kusintha mkhalidwe.

Kuyenera kwa Ndale

Ndale za ku America zikuyang’anizana ndi kutsimikizirika kumene kungasokoneze Electoral College yamphamvu:

[[FLT: 0] Kutembenuza [Kusintha kwa kampani [1]: Ngati osankha ophunzira pakoleji apitiriza kutengera democratic pamene kuli kwakuti osaphunzira a democratic pamene kulibe chivoti cha dziko la Republican, maiko a m'mbuyomu angakhale otetezereka pamene maboma otetezereka akhala opikisana.

Racial Depolation [FLT: 1] : Kusintha kwa ovota a Aspanya kungachititse maiko a Southwest kupanga mpikisano pamene maiko a Kum’mwera ndi anthu Akuda aakulu amakhalabe otetezereka.

Kusanthula kwa magetsi [1]: Kupitirizabe kumanga mizinda / kuzungulira dziko kungapange magawo ambiri a nthaka ndi magawo ozungulira, mphamvu yosumika maganizo m'chiŵerengero chochepa kwambiri cha malo.

Kumaliza: Kulolera Molakwa kwa Demokrase

College ya Extalial [[FLT :1] imaimira mwinamwake chiyambukiro chachikulu cha kulephera kwa demokrase ya Amereka [1] dongosolo lolinganizidwa kaamba ka nyengo yosiyana, kuthetsera mavuto omwe sakukhalako pamene Ayambidwe atsopano sanaganizirepo. Imasintha masankho a pulezidenti kuchokera ku mipikisano ya dziko kukhala nkhondo za boma ndi dziko, imakweza malo pa demokrase, ndi kutheketsa zotulukapo zimene zimatsutsana ndi chifuno chofala.

Komabe ikupitiriza, yomangidwa mozama kwambiri m'malamulo a America amene akuoneka ngati osatheka. Anthu otsutsa amatsutsa [1] boma laling'ono lopambana, losankha zinthu mosadziŵika bwino, lomwe limapindula ndi kuwateteza. Electoral College inakhala ngati democracy: dongosolo loipa kwambiri kusiyapo ena onse amene timaopa kuyesa.

Kumvetsa Electoral College kumatanthauza kuyang’anizana ndi mafunso ofunika kwambiri okhudza demokrase ya America. Kodi voti lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi chiŵerengero chofanana, kapena kodi liyenera kukhala ndi nkhani ya malo ogaŵira?

Zimenezi siziri kokha mafunso amaphunziro. Monga momwe America imayang'anizana ndi kukwera kwa kuwonjezereka kwa kuwonjezereka kwa anthu, kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, ndi kubwerera m'dziko kwa democracy padziko lonse, Electoral College imasankha mowonjezereka osati kokha amene akukhala prezidenti komanso kaya ngati anthu amavomereza prezidentiyo kukhala wovomerezedwa. Dongosolo limene mobwerezabwereza limatulutsa kulephera kwa otchuka kuchepetsa chikhulupiriro mu demokrase yeniyeniyo.

Mkangano wa wa Electoral College sungathe chifukwa chakuti umasonyeza kusagwirizana kwakukulu m'chitaganya cha America , pakati pa mizinda ndi midzi, kusiyana ndi masomphenya a andale ndi auniversity, masomphenya a demokrase. Kufikira pamene Amereka athetsa mikangano yaikulu imeneyi, Electoral College itsala: yosulizidwa ndi, yokonzedwa ndi palibe, yosankha mapresidente kupyola njira ya 18 yoyesayesa kulamulira dziko la 21 la zaka zapakati.

Kaya Electoral College imalimbikitsa kapena ifooketsa demokrase ya ku America imadalira ngati anthu a ku America angasinthe kuti asonyeze makhalidwe a demokrase a masiku ano pamene akusunga mfundo zothandiza za boma. Kulankhulanako kumafuna kuvomereza moona mtima mapindu enieni a dongosololi ndi kulephera kwake kwakukulu kwa demokalase. Anthu angapange zosankha zodziŵira bwino kuti kaya gulu lapaderali liyenera kusungidwa, kukonzedwanso, kapena kutha.

Electoral College siili chabe chiwopsezo cha demokrase ya Amereka . ilo sigalasi yosonyeza mavuto athu aakulu ponena za zimene demokrase iyenera kukhala. Funso sili lakuti kaya iyo ndi yangwiro; kuli ngati tingachite bwinopo. Yankho limenelo silidzangoumba masankho a mtsogolo koma mtsogolo mwa demokrase ya Amereka yeniyeniyo.

Mabuku Owonjezereka

• National Archives - Electoral College - Malamulo a boma pa njira za Electoral College ndi mbiri
• FairVote Electoral Reform Resources - Kugwirizana ndi malingaliro a kusintha ndi kusanthula
• Malo otchuka a Boom Vote Interstate Community - Ovomerezeka akufufuza kupita patsogolo kwa makampani ndi mikangano