Kumvetsa Malamulo Otsatira Lamulo la Anthu Onse

Malamulo a boma ndi maziko a makampani amakono, kupereka njira zimene zolinga za anthu zimatembenuzidwira ku malamulo oyenera. Malamulo amenewa amaphatikizapo mbali zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira ku malamulo a boma ku makhonsati mpaka ku malangizo operekedwa ndi mabungwe, ndiponso malamulo auyang'anira okha amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani. Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kuumba khalidwe la anthu. Anthu, makampani, ndi mabungwe. Kutsatira zinthu monga kuteteza anthu onse, kuteteza zachilengedwe, ndi kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Malamulo a za malamulo a boma amafalikira pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya anthu, kuphatikizapo zaumoyo, mphamvu, zoyendera, zoyendera, ndi zachinsinsi. Kudziwa ntchito zawo, kupanga zinthu, ndi kugwira ntchito kwawo sikuli njira yamaphunziro chabe; ndiko kuonetsetsa kuti anthu athandiza popanda kuyendetsa zinthu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito katundu kolakwika.

Zosangalatsa za Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Malangizo

Njira zoyendetsera si zofanana. Amayambira pa malamulo okhwima olembera ndi olamulira malamulo, mpaka njira zosinthasintha, zoyendera za msika, ndipo iliyonse imakhala ndi tanthauzo losiyana kuti ione ngati ikugwira bwino ntchito.

Kusintha kwa Lamulo ndi Control

Njira yamwambo imeneyi imakhazikitsa miyezo yachindunji kapena ziletso, monga ngati kutulutsa mpweya kwa mafakitale kapena ziyeneretso za chisungiko kwa mankhwala. Pamene kuli kwakuti kuli kwakuti kutsata bwino, malamulo ameneŵa angakhale ovuta ndipo sangapereke chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa makampani kapena madera ena. Mwachitsanzo, Disc Air Act mu United States imagwiritsira ntchito miyezo yamakono imene yachepetsa kuipitsa mpweya, koma osuliza nthaŵi zina amaletsa kuyambitsidwa ndi njira zothetsera zinthuzo mmalo mwa zotulukapo.

Kusintha kwa Ntchito

Mmalo mwa kulamula njira zoikizira, malamulo oikidwa ndi ntchito amakhazikitsa zigamulo ndi kulola mabungwe oyendetsedwa bwino kusankha mmene angachitire ndi izi. Njira imeneyi imalimbikitsa kusintha ndi kugula zinthu. Masitepe ameneŵa amafunika kupenda bwino zotsatirapo zokhala ndi cholingacho . [OSHA] ku U.S. ayamba kuchita zinthu zoyendera bwino m'madera monga kukambirana koopsa, kulola abwana kukonza mapulogalamu oyambitsa mavuto awo.

Zida Zoyendetsera Malonda

Zitsanzo zimenezi ndizo misonkho, zilolezo zotha ntchito, ndalama, ndi njira zosungira zinthu. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zachuma kuti akwaniritse zolinga za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu. The European Union Eu Eu ETS ndi chitsanzo chotchuka cha ntchito yochepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya wotentha. Kufufuza pano kumagogomezera mphamvu ya malo okhala (kuchepetsako mphamvu ya kutulutsa), kuyendetsa bwino chuma (kuchepetsa toni toniting Trading Sy), ndi kugaŵira malingana ndi kuchuluka (omwe amawononga).

Kusintha kwa Madzi ndi Khalidwe

Kuzindikira kothandiza kwa makhalidwe a zachuma, njira zimenezi zingakuthandizeni popanda kuletsa kusankha zochita. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo kusalembetsa ndalama zosungidwa pa mapepala opuma pantchito, kuika mafuta m'mapulogalamu a m'thupi, kapena kutumiza ziŵiya zongofuna. Kutulutsa zitsulo kumafuna njira zoyesera kwambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri kugwiritsira ntchito ziyeso zongodzitetezera, kuti mupeze zotsatira zake kuchokera ku zinthu zina.

Chifukwa Chake Timafufuza Zinthu: Kuŵerengeredwa, Kuphunzira, ndi Kudalirana

Kuyesedwa kwa malamulo kumathandiza ntchito zambiri zofunika. Choyamba, kumapereka kuŵerengera [[FLT: 0] mwa kusonyeza ngati zinthu za boma ndi zotsekereza zikutulutsa masinthidwe oyenerera. Chachitatu, kupenda kowopsya kumapanga [[[FLT:] kugawana [[FLT:] mwa kudziŵiratu ntchito, chimene sichimachitidwa, ndi mikhalidwe yotani. Umboni umenewu ukudziŵitsa mapulani a m’tsogolo ndi kukonzedwanso kwa malamulo amene alipo.

Ndiponso, kupenda kumathandiza kuzindikira zotsatirapo zokayikitsa [1] zonse ziŵiri zabwino ndi zoipa. Lamulo lokonza kuwongolera chakudya lingachepetse zinthu zofunikira kapena kuwonjezera mitengo ya ogula otsika olandira. Popanda kupenda mwadongosolo, ziyambukiro zimenezi zimakhala zobisika, kuchepetsa zolinga zenizeni zimene akufuna kuzikwaniritsa.

Njira Yabwino Yothetsera Kulamulira

Kufufuza malamulo oyendetsera zinthu kumafuna kulinganiza zinthu zambiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti nkhani yoyambayo inandandalika kugwira ntchito, kuyendetsa bwino zinthu, kuyenererana, ndi kugonjera, tingawonjezere zimenezi ndi kuwonjezera kuganiziridwa kwina.

Kugwira Mtima: Kodi Kubwezeretsako Kunakwaniritsa Zolinga Zake?

Limeneli ndi funso lofunika kwambiri. Kufufuza kothandiza kumaphatikizapo kupima ukulu wa zotsatirapo zimene akufuna (m'chitsanzo, kuchepetsa kuipitsa, ngozi zochepa, mitengo yotsika) kuonekera. Kumafunikira kukhazikitsa njira yochitira zinthu popanda malamulo. Njira zofala zimaphatikizapo asanayerekezere ndi pambuyo pake, kufufuza nthaŵi, ndi maluso osiyanitsa.

Kukhutira: Kodi Mapindu Ake Ngaakulu Kuposa Mtengo?

Kupenda kwamphamvu, kaŵirikaŵiri kupyolera mwa [[FLT: 0] kufufuza kwa ndalama zothandizira (CBA) [1], kumapima mphamvu ya maseŵero a anthu. Zovuta zimaphatikizapo kutumiza zinthu zosagulitsidwa monga thanzi la munthu kapena mautumiki a zamoyo, ndi kusamalira nkhaŵa za anthu. Office of Management and Bactal (OLT) [[FL:3] mu U.S. zimafuna kuti mabungwe atsogolere CBA kaamba ka malamulo aakulu, kupereka ketensi ya kupenda kwa dongosolo la dongosolo.

Kusakondera: Ndani Amanyamula Mavutowo ndi Ndani Amatuta Mapindu?

Malamulo angayambukire magulu osiyanasiyana mopambanitsa. Kusanthula kwa kugaŵira mtengo ndi mapindu kuli bwino [1] Magulu a ndalama zopezedwa, madera a malo, mibadwo, kapena mitundu ya mafuko. Mwachitsanzo, chiweruzo cha malo okhala chimatsimikizira ngati kuletsa kuipitsa kupindulitsa kwambiri anthu olemera pamene akusiya malo opezedwa otsika.

Kumpatsa ndi Kumkakamiza

Ngakhale lamulo loikidwa bwino kwambiri nlosathandiza ngati silitsatiridwa. Compliance penda milingo ya kumamatira, zifukwa za kusagwirizana, ndi kupambana kwa njira zosungitsira. Imalingaliranso mtolo wa wolamulira [1] ] nthaŵi, mtengo, ndi kucholoŵana kumene kumakakamiza madongosolo a zinthu.

Kulephera Kuyang’anira ndi Kuphwanya Malamulo

Kodi malamulo a boma apatsidwa mphamvu za boma zimene zilipo? Kodi n’ngoyenera kuyendera mfundo zandale ndi za chikhalidwe cha anthu?

Njira ndi Njira Zodziŵira

Kupima kolimba kumazikidwa pa msanganizo wa maluso opima ndi opima, kaŵirikaŵiri osanganizidwa m’njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera zotumbidwa za triangulate.

Kupangidwa kwa Zinthu Zomwe Zimayambitsa Vutoli

Kuposa kuyerekezera pambuyo pa kuyerekezerako, chiyambukiro chachikulu chimagwiritsira ntchito njira za quasi-emperiary kapena zoyesera. Kuyesa kosagwiritsidwa ntchito (RCT) kuli muyezo wa golidi koma kaŵirikaŵiri kuli kosathandiza pa malamulo aakulu. Quasi-emperiary zopangidwa zonga ngati kubwereranso diski yolimba, zopimira, ndi njira zolamulira zopanga zimapereka njira zodalirika. Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kupenda mphamvu ya ntchito ya mlingo wa ndalama zoŵerengeka kungafanane ndi ziyambukiro zopangidwa ndi ulamuliro wopangidwa kuchokera ku maboma ofananawo amene sanakweze malipiro ochepa.

Kufufuza Mtengo wa Mtengo ndi Mtengo

Kupenda zachuma kumeneku kumayesa ndi kuyerekezera ziyambukiro zabwino ndi zoipa za lamulo. Kusanthula kwamphamvu n’kothandiza pamene mapindu ayesedwa m'maunyinji achilengedwe (m’jere, miyoyo yopulumutsidwa, magulo a kuipitsa kuchepetsedwa) ndipo cholinga n’chochepetsa mtengo wa zinthu zimene zachitika. Njira ziŵirizi zimafuna kusamala za kusatsimikizirika mwa kupenda kwa kaonedwe ka zinthu.

Kufufuza Kachitidwe Kake ndi Kuonetsetsa

Sikokwanira kufunsa ngati lamulo lina limagwira ntchito; tiyeneranso kuzindikira mmene ndi chifukwa chake. Kupenda dongosolo kukufufuza kugwiritsidwa kwa mapangano [1] kuyambira kukhazikitsa malamulo ku kusungitsa khalidwe logonjera. Kufunsa ndi mabungwe olamulira, makampani oyendetsedwa, ndi anthu okhudzidwa amavumbula zopinga ndi otsogolera. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kwambiri kudziŵira kulephera kwa zinthu zimene zingakonzeke popanda kusintha malamulo enieniwo.

Njira Zolumikizira ndi Zosanganiza Zikufika

Kufufuza nkhani, magulu ogogomezera, ndi mapepala amapereka chidziŵitso chochuluka cha nkhani. Popenda [[FLT: 0] EU’S General Data Protection Regation (GDPR) , mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kolinganiza kwa ndalama zovomerezeka kwagwirizana ndi kufunsana kwa ma bwana otetezera amene amavumbula mmene malamulowo anasinthira machitidwe achinsinsi ndi chikhalidwe cha gulu.

Mavuto Okhalitsa Pofufuza Malangizo

Ngakhale kuti njira zoyendetsera zinthu zapita patsogolo, kupenda malamulo oyendetsera zinthu kudakali kovuta kwambiri.

Kupereka ndi Kusagwirizana

Malamulo amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri pamodzi ndi malamulo ena, kusintha kwa zachuma, kapena kakhalidwe ka anthu, kukumakupangitsa kukhala kovuta kusiyanitsa chopereka chapadera cha malamulo. Monga momwe zadziŵikidwira ndi World Bank Group [1] World Bank Broup m'chitsogozo chake pa kupenda kokhudza, kukhazikitsa kulinganiza kwamphamvu ndi nthaŵi zina kufufuza kwachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kupenda chiyambukiro cha lamulo latsopano losonyeza kulemera kwa zakudya kumasokonezedwa ndi kusintha kwa zizoloŵezi, kutsatsatsa, ndi mitengo ya chakudya.

Kusiyana kwa Mfundo za M’Baibulo ndi Nkhani Zokhudza Njira Zoyendera

Malamulo odalirika ndiwo mwazi wopimira, komabe kaŵirikaŵiri sakhalako, apakale, kapena osagwirizana. Authority yolembedwa ingakhale yosafunikira, kufufuza kungakhale ndi masinthidwe, ndipo miyeso ya kusanthula sikungatenge maluso enieni a chiwongola dzanja. Organing for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) yapanga [[FLT:]] maseŵero opangira chiyambukiro cha kupendanso. Omwe amagogomezera kusonkhanitsa ndi miyezo yabwino, koma maiko ambiri amalepherabe.

Nthaŵi Yakhala Yochepa ndi Ziyambukiro Zanthaŵi Yaitali

Ziyambukiro zonse za lamulo zingatenge zaka kapena zaka zambiri kuti zifutukuke. Malamulo a malo okhala ofuna kuchepetsa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko adzayambukira nyengo kokha pambuyo pa kuchepa kwa nyengo. Kupenda kwakanthaŵi kungachepetse kapena ngakhale kuphonya mapindu. Zimenezi zimabutsa kusagwirizana pakati pa kufunidwa kwa zinthu kwa nthaŵi yake ndi kufunika kwa sayansi kwa nyengo zotsatiridwa bwino.

Kutsutsa ndi Chuma cha Ndale

Kufufuza kungachititse kuti anthu ayambe kukayikira mfundo zimene sizingayende bwino. Koma ofufuza amalimbikitsa mfundo yakuti malamulo amene amatsutsana nawo alephereke. Kugamula malo andalewa kumafunika kudziimira, kuona zinthu bwinobwino, ndi kulonjeza kuti adzapereka chilolezo chokafufuza.

Malangizo Ogometsa

Malamulo samagwira ntchito modzipatula. Malamulowa amaphatikiza malamulo akuluakulu, kugwirizana ndi malamulo ena, kulimbikitsa msonkho, ndi malamulo aufulu. Kusankha lamulo limodzi popanda kuganizira za kugwirizana kumeneku kungachititse munthu kusocheretsa.

Kufufuza Nkhani Zochititsa Chidwi: Maphunziro Ochokera ku Kufufuza Kwamphamvu

Kufufuza mmene zinthu zilili m’dziko kumatithandiza kudziwa ntchito zimene zimagwira ntchito, zimene sizizichitika, ndiponso mmene tingathetsere mavuto.

Phunziro Loyamba: Kusintha kwa Lamulo la m’mlengalenga Loyera la 1990 (United States)

Kukonza kwa 1990 kuyambitsa programu ya kutulutsa mpweya wa sulfur dioxide (SO2) kuti agonjetse mvula ya asidi. Kufufuzanso kwa [[FL: 0] Environological Protection Agency (EPA) ndi ofufuza amaphunziro anagwiritsira ntchito msanganizo wa kuyang'anira kutulutsa zinthu, kujambula zachuma, ndi kupenda kwa thanzi. Zotulukapo zinali zowopsa: SO2 zinatsika ndi 90% pofika 2020 pa kamtengo wokwezedwa, chifukwa chakuti njira yokwezedwa ndi malonda inalimbikitsa njira zopimirapo kuposa zimene zinali kuyembekezeredwa. Kupenda kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa [FLD:] ndi kupangidwa kwa thanzi. [FFON]

Kupenda Nkhani 2: Kutetezera ndi Malamulo a Zaumoyo (United Kingdom)

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe la Health and Safety at Work Act, bungwe la UK linafufuza mwadongosolo njira zake zosungitsa ntchito. Ofufuza anagwiritsa ntchito zolemba za anthu ovulala kuntchito ndi kuphedwa, kuphatikizapo kufufuza kwa zaka zambiri za khalidwe lolimba. Kufufuzaku kunasonyeza kuti boma lofufuza zinthu zangozi ndi makampani olemba bwino za njira zoyendera. Zimenezi zikusonyeza mmene njira yoonera ingawongoletsere zinthu pa nthawi imene “Fae wa za Umoyo ndi Safety Agement ” wa“ Fae wa bungwe la Interven , limene limatsutsa malamulo, ndipo motero likupanga chisonkhetso cha ndalama kuti avomereze. Nkhaniyi ikusonyeza mmene njira yofufuza ithandizira kukonza njira zoyendera zinthu.

Kupenda Nkhani 3: Malamulo a Ndalama pambuyo pa Vuto la 2008 (Chilamulo cha M’malamulo a M’makampani)

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reformation ndi Consumer Protection Act inayambitsa masinthidwe aakulu a lamulo, kuphatikizapo Volcker Lavement (kugulitsa malonda apamwamba), inakulitsa ziyeneretso za malikulu, ndi kulengedwa kwa bungwe la Consumer Financial Protection Bureau . Kufufuza za mphamvu yake kwakhala kotsutsana, chifukwa cha nthaŵi yaitali ndi kuloŵerera kwakukulu. Faceral Reserve Reservement But yafalitsa maphunziro a za kuopsa kwa kubanki, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokhala ndi ngozi ndi kuyang'anira zinthu zamalonda ndi zamalonda. Pamene kuli umboni wowonjezereka wa mali ndi ngozi za dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka zinthu pa mabanki aang'ono ndi kukonzanso kwa zitsutso zowopsa zamtengo wapatali.

Kufufuza Malangizo a Padziko Lonse

Malamulo ofufuza audindo amasiyana kwambiri m'mayiko. Bungwe la European Union Kubwezera Kwabwino [kuthandiza Agenda [1] kumafuna kupenda kwa njira zonse zazikulu zoyendera, kuphatikizapo kupendanso (kufufuza]) kwa masiku omwe alipo. Mabungwe a European Commission’s [[FLT:] Abwinopo kukonzanso bwino kumapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane ofufuza njira, operekera mayeso, ndi umboni wogwiritsa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi, mayiko ambiri omatukuka, maluso a za ubongo, ndi kudziimira kwaokha kwaokha. Mabungwe apadziko lonse monga Bank ndi OE thandiza ndi kuthandizira kwa a amakono.

Chikhoterero chodziŵika ndicho kuwonjezeka kwa chidziŵitso cha magawo ofufuza m'maboma (m’chitsanzo, Suraphial Insights Team ya UK, UWhite House Social and Behavioral Sciences) imene imagwiritsira ntchito njira zoyesera kupenda kujambula zopimira zopimira. Mabungwe ameneŵa asonyeza mmene zoyendera zotsalira zopimira. Kutsegulira magetsi kungayesedwe ndi kuyesedwa pamene aikidwa m'mabungwe ofufuza mowonetsa.

Kulimbitsa Kapangidwe ka Zinthu Kabwino Koyendera

Kuwongolera njira yofufuzira, mikhalidwe ingapo ikufunika. Choyamba, kupenda kogwirizana m'lamulo . Kufuna kuti malamulo aphatikizepo magawo a kulowa kwa dzuŵa kapena kupenda kwa lamulo / kumakonzanso nthaŵi zofunikira zopezera umboni. [yachitatu], [[FLT:] kupendanso mphamvu ya kukonzanso mwa kulangiza, akatswiri odziŵa ntchito, ndi kulimbikitsa mabizinesi otsegulira zinthu, ndi mathero otsegulira zinthu zachinsinsi. [FLT]

Kufufuza sikuyenera kuonedwa monga kuyeseza kokha koma monga njira yopitirizabe ya kuphunzira. Malamulo osinthasintha, monga aja ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuyang'anira madzi ndi pachinsinsi cha makompyuta, amangirire m'makonzedwe a kuwongolera kwa pakati poyang'anira ndi kupenda. Njira yogwira mtima imeneyi imasonyeza kuti malo ozungulira asinthasintha, ndipo iyeneranso kupangidwa kuti awayang’anire.

Kumaliza

Kuchotsapo kuyendetsa bwino zinthu sikungothandiza chabe kukhazikitsa malamulo a zauchigaŵenga. Kumatsimikizira kuti malamulo athandiza kuteteza zofuna za anthu popanda kupatsa katundu. Kupenda mosamalitsa maadiresi a maadiresi ambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokhwima, kuvomereza mavuto achibadwa, ndi kujambula maphunziro a maphunziro a zochitika zosiyanasiyana m'madera ndi mayiko. Pamene malamulo a anthu akulimbana ndi zinthu zovuta, kulinganiza zinthu mofulumirirapo, kuyang'ana ndi kukonzanso kwanzeru kuti asinthe nyengo. Kufunika kwa mayeso apamwamba oyezera zinthu zapamwamba kumangowonjezeka. Kufufuza motsatira malamulo ndi kukonzanso zida zathu ndi zochita zathu, tingapangenso madongosolo amene si opindulitsa koma okhoza, ndi odalirika, ndi odalirika.