Malamulo Olamulira

United States Congress imapeza ulamuliro wake wa malamulo kuchokera ku Malamulo a U.S., makamaka Article I , imene imaika malamulo onse m'nyumba ya malamulo ya ma Beaural. Ulamuliro umenewu suli wopanda malire; umafotokozedwa ndi kutsenderezedwa mosamalitsa ndi malembo a Malamulo, kukonzanso, ndi kumasulira kwa zaka mazana. Kumvetsetsa chimene Nyumba ikufuna kupenda mphamvu zotchulidwa, mphamvu zotanthauza, ndi nyumba zoyendera zimene malamulo apanga.

Opanga malamulowo anafuna kupanga nyumba ya malamulo yolimba kwambiri kulamulira dziko lomakula koma osati yamphamvu kwambiri kuti apondere ufulu wa munthu mmodzi kapena maulamuliro a maboma. Iwo anakwaniritsa kulinganiza kumeneku kupyolera mu mpambo watsatanetsatane wa maulamuliro mu Article I, Chigawo 8 [, ndi kupyolera mwa [[FLT:] [FLT]] [pa] nanga [FLT] Classiaste [[FLT:]] [[FLT:]], zimene zimapatsa Nyumba za Malamulo kupeka ntchito zake. M'pam'kupita kwa nthaŵi, Bwalo laumba ukulu wa maulamuliro ameneŵa m'nkhani zonga [[FL:].] [FLD]

Kaamba ka kusanthula mozama pa malembo a lamulo, chezerani [[FLT: 0] Conrer .gov joint of Article I[FLT: 1].

Mphamvu Zokhala ndi Mphamvu Zochuluka: Ulamuliro wa Mabungwe

Maulamuliro otchulidwawo ndi maulamuliro enieni operekedwa ndi Malamulo. Awa amaphatikizapo mphamvu ya misonkho ya , , zokongola ndalama [, [[FLT:] maofesi a pa maofesi [[FLT:], [[FLT]], [FLT], [FLT]] nkhondo [[FLT:], [FFFF:], [FLT]], [FFFFF] inagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zambiri. Maulamulirowo, ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu.

Malonda a Claus

Commercilla (Magazini I, Chigawo 8, Classia 3) imapatsa Nyumba ya Malamulo "kulamulira Zamalonda ndi Mitundu Yachilendo, ndi pakati pa Maboma angapo, ndi Aindiya . Mawuwa akhala maziko a lamulo lalikulu la boma, kuyambira pa Chikalata cha Commercial Act cha [1887 [[FL:1]]] ku ntchito iliyonse ya zachuma. Komabe, United States. Khoti Lapamwamba lamasulira kwa nthaŵi yaitali: m'nyengo ya New Deal , Courtmented Act yofotokozedwa " protestment" kulola Courtry kuyang'ath'a ntchito iliyonse. Komabe, [FL:] United States: [FFFF: FF] ndi "FFF:].

Kukhoma Msonkho ndi Kuwononga Mphamvu

Chikalata cha Malamulo cha Malamulo cha kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito "Infactal face" (Chigawo , Chigawo , Classia (1) ndi chimodzi cha zigawo za boma. Mphamvu imeneyi imalola Congress kukhazikitsa msonkho kuti apereke ndalama ndi ndalama zoyenerera za maprogramu a [] Chisungiko [[FLT:]] ndi [[FLT]]] [MFLT] [zikulu] [ziyeso za] [ziyeso za].] zagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi malamulo a kuchirikiza [kaikidwe kakedzana ka zinthu] [ka], [kapeyikulukulu kwa] [[10], ndipo zathandiza kuwonjezera pa]. [Magazini], kuwonjezera kuyendetsa ndalama za m'zama. [[5]

Mphamvu za Nkhondo ndi Chisungiko cha Dziko

Congress imatchula mphamvu imodzi ya nkhondo [[FLT: 0] , koma Pulezidenti, monga Mtsogoleri wa Chief, ali ndi mphamvu yotumiza magulu ankhondo popanda chilengezo chalamulo. [[FLT:] Maulamuliro ankhondo a 1973 [[FLT:]] amayesa kufotokoza malire a ntchito ya pulezidenti mwa kufuna kuti Pulezidenti adziŵitse Nyumba yachifumu m'maola 48 akuigwira ntchito ya zida ndi kuchotsa asilikali pambuyo pa masiku 60 popanda kulola. Lamuloli lakhala lotsutsana ndi kutsekedwa ndi kuikidwa ndi nthambi yaudindo. Mabungwe alinso ndi mphamvu ya [FL:] ndi kuchirikiza magulu ankhondo [FL:], [FF] [F] ndi kusungitsa]

Mphamvu Zogwiritsiridwa Ntchito ndi Zofunika ndi Zoyenera za Claus

N’zomveka ndi Zoyenera Claus [FLT :1] (Mfundo I, Chigawo 8, Claus 18) imapatsa Nyumba za Malamulo zonse zimene zidzakhala zofunikira ndi zoyenera kunyamula kuweruza. Mawuwa ndiwo magwero a Nyumba za Ufumu [[FLT:]] [Maulamuliro ogwiritsidwa ntchito ] [maulamuliro] osandandandalikidwa mwachindunji koma otengedwa mwanzeru kuchokera kwa otchulidwa. Nkhani yapadera ya [[FL: 4.] [MCulkloch]. v. Mary .] [FL.5:] [18]) anakhazikitsa kuti bungwe lakwanitsa banki, ngakhale kuti panalibe mphamvu zotero zolembedwa, chifukwa "yakwanin'kukhomawonetsa ndalama, ndi kubwereketsa ndalama, ndi kubwereza msonkho.

Maulamuliro ogwiritsa ntchito athandiza Nyumba za Malamulo kupanga System ya Fateral Reserve , kukhazikitsa mabungwe a zachuma monga bungwe lotetezera zachilengedwe, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo aupandu oletsa kuyendera galimoto zakuba. Ukulu wa mphamvu zosonyezedwa ndizo waukulu koma sulibe; Khoti Lapamwamba nthaŵi zina laswa malamulo amene silinagwirizanitse mphamvu iliyonse.

Mabungwe a Nyumba ya Malamulo: Kuchirikiza Chikhalidwe cha Anthu ndi Zovuta Zake

Nyumba ya malamulo imagawidwa m'zipinda ziŵiri: Nyumba ya Oimira [1] ndi [[FLT :1] Sentate [1]. Malamulo a bimadral anali kulolerana pakati pa maufumu aakulu ndi aang'ono pa Msonkhano wa Malamulo ndipo amapanga mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za malamulo.

Nyumba ya Oimira

Nyumbayo ili ndi mamembala 435 osankha ogawidwa ndi anthu, otumikira zaka ziŵiri. Chifukwa cha nyengo yaifupi ndi chisankho chachindunji, Nyumba imalingaliridwa kukhala yovomereza kwambiri ku lingaliro lofala. Nyumba iri ndi mphamvu yokha kwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nyumba ya Malamulo

Nyumba ya Malamulo ili ndi mamembala 100, aŵiri pa boma limodzi, akutumikira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mawu a Nyumba ya Malamulo aatali ndi kuimira boma kumaichititsa kukhala yopanda ufulu ndi yotetezeredwa ku kusintha kwa malingaliro a anthu. Nyumba ya Malamulo imapereka mphamvu zapadera kwa . Nyumbayo imatsimikiziranso mapangano a pulezidenti [[[FLT:] (kuphatikizapo alembi, oweruza a boma, ndi oweruza a Supreme Countat [ma]) ndi [ku] mapangano ovomerezeka ndi mavoti aŵiri-3]. Nyumba ya malamulo ndiyonso bwalo la milandu yosapereka mlandu, yofuna kuti anthu aŵiri achulukire kugawa mlandu. Divices . Doulbusterat .) Njira yokambirana ndi yozengereza kuletsa kapena kuletsa lamulo lapamwamba lamakono (3ftfma 360) ya chiwiritsutso cha .

Lamulo: Kuchokera ku Bill Kupita ku Lamulo

Ulendo wa chikalata choyendera Nyumba ya Malamulo ndi wovuta kwambiri ndipo umaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana, zimene cholinga chilichonse n’choti anthu aziganizira bwinobwino ndiponso azidziimba mlandu pa nkhani zandale.

Chiyambi ndi Kutenga Mazira

Chiŵalo chilichonse cha Congress chingayambitse lamulo. Lamulolo kenaka limaperekedwa ku komiti yoyenerera ya kaimidwe yozikidwa pa nkhani yake. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la zaumoyo limapita ku Energy ndi Committee ya Zamalonda kapena [[FLT] Senate Health, Education, Labor , ndi Penssion . Mpando wa komiti umachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pogamula ngati chikalatacho chimvedwa.

Zimene Komiti Inachita

Makomiti kaŵirikaŵiri amatchedwa "akuluakulu a malamulo" chifukwa chakuti amachita ntchito yatsatanetsatane pa ngongole. Amasunga mayeso, kuitanira umboni waluso, ndi kulingalira za kukonza m'njira yotchedwa "chikwangwani-". Makomiti angavote kupereka lipoti la lamulolo movomerezeka, losayenera, kapena ndi kubwezedwa. Lamulolo lingafenso ngati komitiyo sichitapo kanthu. A m'bungwe la Office kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anira kupenda koyamba, ndipo komiti yonseyo kenaka imatsutsana ndi zivomerezo za komiti yaing’ono.

Kuti mupeze chithunzi cha magawo a komiti ndi ulamuliro wamakono, onani Conder.gov tsamba la komiti [1].

Kulingalirana Bwino

M’nyumba, mkangano wa pansi umalekezedwa ndi Komiti ya Malamulo, imene imakhazikitsa nthaŵi ya kukangana ndi zimene zisinthika. Mu Nyumba ya Malamulo, mkangano kaŵirikaŵiri ngwopanda malire pokhapokha ngati mufuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Malamulo ambiri amafuna kuti anthu ambiri asiye kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kugwirizana Pakati pa Nyumba

Ngati Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo ipereka mpangidwe wosiyana wa lamulo limodzimodzi, komiti ya yogwirizana ndi mamembala ochokera ku zipinda zonse ziŵiri imakambirana kulolera. Lipoti la msonkhanowo limabwezeredwa ku zipinda zonse ziŵiri kaamba ka chivoti, popanda kubwezeredwanso. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa makomiti a msonkhano kwakhala kogwirizana ndi kachitidwe ka "pikiniki-long," kumene masinthidwe amapitidwira kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kufikira chipangano chifikiridwe.

Ntchito ya Pulezidenti

Pamene zipinda zonse ziŵiri zipita ku lamulo lofanana, imatumizidwa kwa Pulezidenti. Pulezidenti ali ndi masiku khumi (kuwonjezera pa Sande) kuchitapo kanthu. Zosankha zimaphatikizapo: kusaina lamulolo m'malamulo, kulibweza (kubwezera ku Congress ndi zitsutso), kapena kulilola kukhala lamulo popanda kusaina (ngati Nyumba ya Malamulo iri m'bwalo). Ngati Pulezidenti wavetoes, Congress angayende ndi anthu ambiri aŵiri tatu m’zipinda zonse ziŵiri. Thokosolo limachitika pamene Prezidenti sasaina chikalata ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo mkati mwa tsiku khumi la imfa.

Mayeso ndi Kulinganizika: Kuyang’anira Kolamulira ndi Kutsendereza Kolamulira

Malamulo amakhazikitsa njira ya kupima ndi kulinganiza pakati pa nthambi zitatu.

Kuyang’anira Nthambi Yotsogolera

Congress amachititsa uyang'aniro mwa kuweruza, kufufuza, kupempha mapepala, ndi makomiti a pansi. Makomiti aimirira nthaŵi zonse amaitana akuluakulu a nthambi kuti apereke umboni. Komiti ya Government Accounting Office (GAO) ndi [FLT] Congress Office [FLT] Couragetation Baclement Office (CBO)] [FLT] Ofesition Office [FLT]] yoyang'anira kampani iliyonse ya boma. Bungwe lingagwiritsirenso ntchito mphamvu ya ndalama za debugn, kapena kugamula kwa mabungwe, ndi kusavomereza kwa pulezi wa boma.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zathu

Nyumba ya Oimira ili ndi mphamvu yokha yopereka mlandu kwa akuluakulu a boma, kuphatikizapo Pulezidenti, Pulezidenti, ndi oweruza. Impseachtion ndi yopereka mlandu; imafunikira voti yosavuta. Sante [panopo] imatsogolera kuzenga mlandu, ndi Woweruza Wamkulu wa Khoti Lapamwamba loyang'anira milandu ya pulezidenti. Chitsimikizo chimachotsa nduna ku ofesi ndipo chimafuna chivotiritso cha mabwana aŵiri. Mphamvu imeneyi yagwiritsiridwa ntchito mosadukizapo kanthu [And , Bill Clinton, ndi Donaldman] ndi Drunald adachotsedwa ndi kugamu kwa chigamu chimodzi (Tronetope) ndipo sanalo.

Kutsimikizira ndi Mphamvu ya Pangano

Nyumba ya malamulo iyenera kupereka "kudzipereka ndi kuvomereza" pa mapangano a pulezidenti ndi mapangano. Mapangano, mavoti ambiri osavuta amatsimikizira mavoti, ngakhale kuti pulezidenti wa nyubuster wagwiritsidwa ntchito ku khoti laling'ono kufikira "kusankha kwa nyukiliya" itachotsa ilo kaamba ka kuikidwa kosiyapo zigamulo za Supreme Court (kuyambira 2017 kumkabe mtsogolo, unyinji wochepa ndiwo akufunika). Mapanganowo amafuna kuti khoti la makomande aŵiri alamulo avomerezedwe. Pulezidenti angalowenso m'pangano la [[FLT: 0] ndi mayiko ena amene safuna chivomerezo cha boma, koma sagwirizana ndi malamulo pa maulamuliro amtsogolo.

Msonkhano Umene Unatsogolera Gulu la Asilikali

Nyumba ya malamulo ingasinthe mphamvu ya makhoti a boma (motsatira malamulo a boma), kukhazikitsa kapena kuchotsa makhoti ang’onoang’ono a boma, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo kuti asinthe zigamulo za khoti Lapamwamba. Ndiponso, Nyumba ya Malamulo imatsimikizira oweruza onse a boma, kuipatsa ntchito yaikulu m’kukonza judicary.

Zolephera pa Mphamvu ya Magulu

Malamulo amaikanso malire otsimikizirika pa Congress kutetezera ufulu wa munthu ndi ulamuliro wa boma. Congress sangapose [[FLT: 0] mapangano a chilolezo cha chiwongola dzanja (chilango chotchedwa chibatso chopanda chiyeso), chapambuyo poti atsegukepo (malamulo ovomerezeka pamene anali ololedwa), kapena [[FLT:] kuletsa] kukhazikitsa chipembedzo kapena kutchula mawu, kapena kusindikiza, kapena kutumiza pepala: [FTT:] (pamodzi mwa nkhani za chipanduko kapena kuukira). [FLT:] Maulamulirowo adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu za boma kuwonjezera mphamvu. [FLT.FL:]

Ndiponso, Firmententh Amendment (Kupeputsa 5) imapatsa Nyumba za Malamulo mphamvu zosungitsira makonzedwe ake, amene Khoti Lapamwamba lamasulira mokulira m'madera onga ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wosankha, komanso linkatsenderezedwa m'nkhani zonga Dolot of Boerne v. Flores (1997), zimene zimachepetsa kuthekera kwa Nyumba za Malamulo kufutukulira ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wosankha zinthu kuposa zimene Khoti lenileni lazindikira.

Kutsutsana kwa Panthaŵiyo ndi Ulamuliro Wolamulira

Ukulu wa mphamvu zaukulu wa bungwe udakali nkhani ya kutsutsana kwakukulu kwa ndale zadziko ndi malamulo. Nkhani zonga boma loyang'anira, limene limasunga kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo siingapereke ulamuliro wake walamulo, wakhala wokhapo kuyambira 1930, koma nkhani zaposachedwapa za Bwalo Lapamwamba monga [FLT:] Virginia. Yakonzedwanso mwa kukhazikitsa ndi kutchula momvekera bwino popereka malamulo ake "audindo alamulo, zakhala zikulekedwa makamaka kuyambira 1930, koma nkhani zaposachedwapa za khoti laposachedwapa monga [FLT:]. [IFLT] Virginia. [[FLT:] [202] [20]

Mantha ena amene alipo amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe koyanjanitsa kukhazikitsa malamulo aakulu ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo yosavuta (kuposa panja la filbuster), lamulo la subpoenas [[FLT:] , ndi malire a mphamvu za boma m'madera ngati kuyang'anira [[FLT:], [FLT] lamulo lapamwamba], ndi [FLT:] kulamulira kwamphamvu, ndi [FLT:] kulamulira [FT:] izi.

Kaamba ka zowonjezereka pa chiphunzitso chosatsimikizirika ndi ziyambukiro zake zamakono, onani iyi [[FLT: 0] Lipoti la Utumiki wa Kufufuza kwa Pansi pa Maulamuliro [[FLT: 1].

Mapeto ake: Ulamuliro Wamoyo wa Nyumba za Malamulo

Ulamuliro wa malamulo wa Congress ndi wozikidwa ponse paŵiri pa kapangidwe ka malamulo oyambirira ndi kumasulira kokhazikika mwa njira, chitsanzo, ndi kumasulira kwachiweruzo. Pamene kuli kwakuti mphamvu zotchulidwazo zimapereka maziko, Malamulo Ofunikira ndi Oyenerera a Claus alola Nyumba ya Malamulo kusinthira ku zosoŵa za dziko lamakono. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kupatukana kwa maulamuliro, unistism, ndi makonzedwe a ufulu aliyense payekha amatumikira monga zopitira kuletsa kupotoza. Kwa ophunzira a boma, aphunzitsi, ndi oikizira nzika, kumvetsetsa bwino lomwe Nyumba za Ufumu zingatheke [1] ndi [1]dodemo nkofunika kuti atengemo mbali m'zopanga ufumu wa demokrase ndi kuchititsa oimira osankhidwa kukhala ndi mlandu.

Kuti mufufuze ntchito yamakono ya malamulo ndi kulondola ndalama za pa mapepala panthaŵi yeniyeni, gwiritsirani ntchito webusaiti ya [[FLT: 0] yovomerezeka.gov .