Maziko a Chiyambi

Mawu oyamba a Constitution ya United States ali ngati limodzi la ndime zodziŵika kwambiri ndi zoloŵezedwa mawu m’moyo wa ndale zadziko wa Amereka. Wopangidwa ndi chiganizo chimodzi chokhala ndi mawu 52 okha, amakhazikitsa maziko a nzeru za Malamulo onse ndi kulongosola zikhumbo zazikulu za republic ya America. Mawu achidule ameneŵa amatumikira osati kokha monga mawu oyamba okongola koma monga mawu ofunika kwambiri a malamulo alamulo a dzikolo, kuchirikiza miyambo ya boma la America kuyambira nthaŵi yoyambika mpaka lero.

Kumvetsetsa mbali ya Pregage kumafuna kupenda chiyambi chake, chinenero chake, ndi njira zimene chagwiritsiridwa ntchito m'mbiri yonse ya America. Pregedge siimapereka mphamvu zenizeni ku boma la boma . Amenewo andandandalika m'nkhani zimene zikutsatira . Koma amapanga zifuno zimene maulamulirowo akugwiritsira ntchito. Monga momwe Khoti Lapamwamba laona, pamene Pregedge silingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kukhazikitsa ulamuliro watsopano wa boma, limavumbula cholinga cha opanga mafaelo ndi zolinga zazikulu za Malamulo. Kuphatikizana kumeneku kwa mphamvu yophiphiritsira ndi phindu la kumasulira kumapangitsa kuyambitsidwa kwa maphunziro a boma la America ndi chizindikiritso cha dziko.

Mbiri Yakale ya Kuyambika kwa Chiyambi

Convention ya Constitution inasonkhana ku Philadelphia mu May 1787 ndi cholinga chotchulidwa cha kukonzanso Nkhani za Confederation . Komabe, zinawonekera mwamsanga kuti kukonzanso kokwanira kwa boma la dziko kunali kofunika. Nthumwi zochokera ku maboma khumi ndi aŵiri (Rhode Island inakana kutengamo mbali) zokhala ndi mbali m’miyezi ya mkangano waukulu wokhudza mtundu wa boma latsopano. Chiyambi chamwalacho chinatuluka kuchokera ku gulu la kukambirana, kulolera molakwa, ndi nthanthi yandale zadziko.

Ntchito yolemba buku la Malamulo inayamba ndi Komiti ya kampani ya kampani ya kampani ya Pulogalamu yomwe ndi Gouverneur Morris wa ku Pennsylvania. Morris, amene amadziwika kuti ndi amene analemba malemba omaliza, ankadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kulembera bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za boma lamphamvu. Kugwira ntchito pa mapulani a Komiti ya Masamu , yomwe inakonza mfundo yachidule yonena kuti “Ife Anthu a ku United States". [1] Morris anakulitsa chilankhulochi kuti chikhale ndi zolinga zisanu ndi chimodzi zimene zakhala zodziwika kwambiri. James Madia, ngakhale kuti sanachite ntchito yomaliza, inathandiza kwambiri kufotokoza mfundo zanzeru zimene Pregarge wanena, makamaka ndi mawu ake onena za kulephera kwa maseŵero a United States ndi mpukutu wake.

Chigamulo cha kuyamba ndi “Ife Anthu” chinasintha. Nkhani za Confederation zinayamba ndi mpambo wa maboma khumi ndi atatu, kugogomezera uchifumu wa boma lililonse pa mgwirizano. Mosiyana, mawu oyamba a Malamulo anaika mwadala ulamuliro mwa anthu, osati m'maboma a munthu mmodzi. Kusintha kumeneku kunasonyeza mfundo yaikulu ya Malamulo: kuti ulamuliro wa boma wovomerezeka umachokera ku kuvomereza ulamuliro. Mawuwo anatumikiranso cholinga chothandiza kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma monga cholembedwa ndi anthu a ku America, osati monga mgwirizano pakati pa maboma. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku kukakhala kofunika kwambiri pa mikangano ya malamulo, pamene maFederation anatsutsa kuti boma linapangidwa ndi boma lotchuka.

Pregage sinali nkhani yoyamba. Mkati mwa njira ya kuchititsa mayeso, mbali yaikulu ya mkangano wokhudza mphamvu zenizeni zoperekedwa kwa Congress ndi depansion, komanso kusoŵa kwa lamulo la ufulu. Mawu a Pregedge a zolinga zazikulu anavomerezedwa kukhala mawu olemekezeka a zimene boma latsopano liyenera kukwaniritsa. Komabe, mawuwo akuti “Anthu" anachitadi ndi mfundo zazikulu. Ana A Faderali anadandaula kuti likufuna kugwirizanitsa ufulu mmalo mwa kudyetsa, ndi kuti lingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kufutukula mphamvu ya boma kuposa zimene mabomawo anagwirizana. Poyankha, ochirikiza malamulowo analoza ku maulamuliro owerengedwa m'Chigawo I, chigawo 8 monga malire enieni a ulamuliro wa dziko. Otsatirawo anatsutsa, koma sanapereke chitsogozo cha ufulu.

M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, mawu oyamba ayamba kuonedwa monga maziko a malamulo a dziko la America. Chinenero chake chagwidwa mawu m’ziganizo za Khoti Lapamwamba, maadiresi a pulezidenti, ndi madzoma osaŵerengeka a boma. Chiyambi cha mawu otchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri m’sukulu, madzoma achilengedwe, ndi zochitika zapoyera, zikumatsimikizira kuti ndi mawu a dziko limodzi. Chikopa choyambirira, choikidwa pa National Archives , chikukhalabe chimodzi cha zikalata zofikiridwa kwambiri m’mbiri ya ku America.

Malemba Othandiza Kumvetsa Matanthauzo Ake

Kumvetsa mawu ameneŵa n’kofunika kwambiri kuti timvetsetse mmene mawu oyambirawo asinthira miyambo ya anthu a ku America.

“ Anthufe”

Mawu atatu amphamvu kwambiri a lamulo la America. “Ife Anthu . timatsimikizira kuti Konsichushoni ili mbali ya ulamuliro wotchuka . Ulamuliro wa boma ukuchokera kwa nzika, osati kuchokera ku ufulu waumulungu, ufumu wa cholowa, kapena kugwirizana pakati pa maiko. Lingaliro limeneli linali kuchotsedwa kwakukulu kwa malamulo andale a ku Ulaya a zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu ndipo lidakalibe mbali yolongosola za demokrase ya America. Mawuwa agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magulu osaŵerengeka ofuna kufutukula matanthauzo a “anthu” kuphatikizapo awo amene sanatengedwe ndi unzika wonse, kuphatikizapo akazi, Aafirika, Aamerekani, ndi osamukira dziko. MCULClo v. Maryland . [FLD:] [19]

“ Kuti Apange Chigwirizano Changwiro Kwambiri ”

Cholinga choyamba chikuvomereza kulephera kwa Zigawo za Confederation zomwe zilipo pamene akulongosola chiyembekezo chakuti Malamulo atsopano adzawongokera pa iwo. Mawuwo “ali ofunika kwambiri . kuli ndi tanthauzo lakuti ungwiro uli njira yopitirizabe mmalo mwa kumaliza kukwaniritsa. Mawuwa agwira mawu m'mbiri yonse ya America, makamaka panthaŵi ya mavuto a dziko lonse kapena kusintha. Nkhondo ya Chiweniweni, New Deal, ndi makambitsirano amakono pa boma, onsewo amasonyeza kuyesayesa kopitirizabe kupanga “mgwirizano wangwiro.” Mawuwa amapezeka m'zosankha zambiri za Supreme Court ndipo amatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi prezidenti ndi opanga malamulo monga otsogolera.

“ Chilungamo cha ku Estabrique”

Chifuno chachiŵiri, “Chilungamo,” chimalankhula mwachindunji za kufunika kwa dongosolo la malamulo lolungama ndi lopanda tsankho. Pansi pa Nkhani za Chilungamo, panalibe chigamulo cha dziko, ndi mikangano pakati pa maboma kapena pakati pa nzika zosiyanasiyana inasamaliridwa mosintha. Lamulo linalenga jaji ya boma, ndi Bwalo Lapamwamba, kutsimikizira kulongosola kogwirizana kwa malamulo a boma ndi kupereka chilolezo cha kuthetsa mikangano. Mawuwo akusonyezanso kugamula kwa chiweruzo cha chigawo cha boma cha boma kapena pakati pa nzika za dziko zina. Mfundo yakuti malamulo ayenera kukhala oyenerera, osati kokha m’kugwiritsira ntchito kwake. Kumvetsetsa kumeneku kwakhala ndi lamulo lofuna chitetezo chofanana pansi pa lamulo, kuchokera ku gulu la apanduko. Khoti lalikululo limatchulanso “kukhazikitsa chigamulo cha ufulu wa chiweruzo ndi kuweruza mlandu wolungama.

“ Chitirani Kusoŵa Kwabwino Kwapanyumba”

Shays Redult ya 1786-87, chipanduko cha zida cha alimi a ngongole ku Massachusetts, chinasonyeza kulephera kwa Maganizo a Confederation kusungitsa bata. Boma ladzikolo linalibe mphamvu yokhazikitsa asilikali kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo m'maiko. “Inrectes State Trancive Trancive" inalongosola mwachindunji kufooka kumeneku, kulola boma la boma kuletsa kuukira zigaŵenga ndi kusunga mtendere m'dzikomo. Cholinga chimenechi chakhala chikupemphedwa m'mawu ozungulira kuchokera ku ku kukhazikitsa kwa asilikali a boma mkati mwa nkhondo yachiŵerunga ndi Revolution Guversstion poyankha mavuto a anthu. Ilo limavomerezanso ntchito ya boma pa chithandizo ndi zaumoyo wa anthu onse, monga momwe kuyang’anira mtendere kuchitika kwa mavuto a kakhalidwe kakhalidwe.

“ Zoyesayesa za Kutetezera Kwachisawawa”

Mawu akuti “kudzitetezera kwa anthu wamba” amasonyeza kuti woyambitsayo anamvetsa kuti nkhondo ya dziko lina inali yofunika kuti dziko litetezedwe ndi kuchirikiza dziko latsopanolo. Pansi pa Nkhanizo, boma lililonse linali ndi asilikali ake, ndipo boma linangopempha asilikali kuchokera ku mayiko [1] njira imene inatsimikizira kukhala yosathandiza pa nkhondo ya chisinthiko ndi nyengo yotsatira. Malamulo anapatsa Bungwe la Malamulo mphamvu zokhazikitsa ndi kuchirikiza magulu ankhondo, kupereka ndi kusungitsa nkhondo, ndi kuyambitsa nkhondo. Kutchula kwa “osavuta kuteteza . ” Predgery ya“ kuteteza dziko ndi udindo wogawana, osati ku mayiko ena. Cholinga chimenechi chakhala chachikulu potsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zankhondo, malamulo achilendo, ndi kulinganiza pakati pa chitetezo ndi ufulu wa anthu. Chikuonekanso m'nkhani zoteteza zogwirizana monga NATO, zimene zimayendera mfundo za mayiko ambiri.

“ Chitanipo Kanthu ndi Zaumoyo Zaukulu”

Mwinamwake mawu otsutsana kwambiri m'mawu a Pregedge akuti, “Kusintha kwa Kakhalidwe ka anthu” kwakhala nkhani ya kumasulira kokulira kwa malamulo. Omasulira mawu ena, mofanana ndi Alexander Hamilton, anatsutsa kuti mawu ameneŵa apatsidwa ulamuliro waukulu wa Congress kuwonongera ndalama za anthu onse, kupyola maulamuliro otchulidwa. Ena, monga James Madison, adatsutsa kuti malamulo a zaufulu a boma angokhala ndi maulamuliro a kwina kulikonse m'Malamulo. M'kupita kwa nthaŵi, kumasulira Hamilianian kwakhala kopambana, makamaka kutsatira nyengo ya New Fareal, pamene Supreme Court inachirikiza maprogramult ogwiritsira ntchito maprogramumboni monga Social Security ndi Medias. Mawu akuti “General real real reformation promotion provices for grolement provicement.

“ Perekani Madalitso a Ufulu Wathu ndi Ufulu Wathu”

Cholinga chomaliza chikugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mbadwo wamtsogolo, kugogomezera kuti Malamulo analinganizidwa kutetezera ufulu osati wa anthu okhala ndi moyo mu 1787 komanso wa anthu onse a ku America amene adakalipo. Liwu lakuti “odalitsa” limakhala ndi mphamvu ya makhalidwe abwino ndi yauzimu, likumapereka lingaliro lakuti ufulu ndi mphatso yoyenera kusungidwa. Mawuwa agwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ufulu wofunika, kuphatikizapo ufulu wa kulankhula, chipembedzo, ndi njira yoyenera. Likuonekanso m’nkhani zokhudza uyang’aniro ndi kuyendetsa chilengedwe, monga mmene zosankha zamakono zimakhudzira ufulu ndi ubwino wa mibadwo yamtsogolo. Lingaliro la mbadwa za mbadwo likusonyeza mfundo yakuti malamulo ndi ntchito yokhudzana, yofunika kupitiriza kudzipereka kukhazikitsa malamulo a chiyambi.

Ntchito ya Chiyambi cha Chiyambi

Mawu oyamba akugwira ntchito monga chiphunzitso cha boma . . Mawu achidule a makhalidwe amene amagwirizanitsa anthu a ku America monga anthu. Mosiyana ndi malamulo atsatanetsatane amene angaoneke ngati oyenera kapena otchuka, mawu oyamba amalankhula m’chinenero chofikirika ponena za zolinga za dziko lonse: chilungamo, mtendere, chisungiko, ubwino, ndi ufulu. Kupezeka kumeneku kumapanga kuti chikhale chida champhamvu kwambiri chophunzitsira anthu ndi kukhazikitsa mtundu wa anthu.

M’sukulu zosiyanasiyana, ophunzira amaloweza mawu oyamba monga mbali ya kuyambika kwawo ku boma la America. Kubwereza mawu kumalimbitsa lingaliro la kukhala m’gulu la ndale zadziko lokhala ndi zolinga zofanana. Madzoma achilengedwe a nzika zatsopano amaphatikizanso Presage, kuimira kutengera malamulo ameneŵa kwa awo amene asankha kukhala a ku America. Malamulo a ku America amatchulidwa kumayambiriro kwa msonkhano uliwonse wa Congress, ndipo amaonekera pa nyumba za onse, zipilala, ndi zikalata zalamulo. Kukhalapo kwanthaŵi zonse kwa moyo wa anthu ku America kumalimbitsa ntchito yake monga lemba la maziko.

Pambali pa malamulo oyambitsidwa, mawu oyambitsidwawo agwiritsiridwa ntchito m'malemba otchuka, andale, ndi mabungwe a anthu. Martin Luther King Jr. analozera zolinga za Predge in “Ndili ndi Maloto”, kupempha mtunduwo kukhala ndi moyo mogwirizana ndi malonjezo ake. Pulezidenti Ronald Reagan nthaŵi zambiri ankatchula mawu oyambitsira mawu kuti agogomezere boma lopereŵera ndi ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha. Ochirikiza mfundo zachipembedzo onse aŵiriwo kumanzere ndi kulamanja kuti alungamitse masomphenya awo a anthu olungama. Chinenero cha Pregay n’chokhomamira kwambiri m’maganizo a ndale zadziko za ku America kwakuti ngakhale awo amene sangathe kutchula mawu ake omveka bwino.

Chiyambi cha pulogalamu ya Chingelezi chimathandizanso kugwirizanitsa anthu panthaŵi ya kugaŵikana. M’mavuto a m'mayiko, monga zotsatira za kuukira kwa pa September 11 kapena mliri wa CHOVAD-19, atsogoleri apempha pempho la Predge kuti “apereke chifukwa cha kutetezera kwa onse” ndi“ kuchirikiza ubwino wa anthu onse” kuti athandize anthu onse pa ntchito yaunyinji. Pamene kuli kwakuti kusagwirizana kwa ndale zadziko kungakhale kwamphamvu, malamulo a Predge akupereka mfundo zimene zimatsogolera kupyola mizera ya chiwiri. Kukhoza kutsendedwa kumeneku kuli chifukwa chachikulu chimene Pregedge imakhalirabe mbali yaikulu ya malamulo a ku America.

Chiyambukiro pa Miyambo ya Chipatso cha ku America

Mawu oyambawo akhudza mwachindunji zochita zosiyanasiyana za anthu ndi magulu osiyanasiyana m’mbiri yonse ya America.

Gulu loletsa kuchotsedwa kwa boma la m’zaka za zana la 19 linagwiritsa ntchito mawu a Chingelezi potsutsa kuti ukapolo sunali wogwirizana ndi cholinga cha Malamulo cha kuteteza ufulu. Malamulo onga Frederick Douglas ndi William Lloyd Garrison analoza ku mfundo za chilungamo ndi ufulu monga umboni wakuti Malamulo, odziŵika bwino, otsutsa ukapolo. Pamene kuli kwakuti opangawo analolera kulowa ukapolo kuti akhale akapolo, chinenero chapadziko lonse chinali chopereka ufulu wofanana ndi ufulu walamulo. Nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni, Communiverstationsmends . Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Creandon Confoundations, Handment, 147, ndi 155.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton ndi Susan B. Anthony ananena kuti mawu oyamba a Malamulowo, “Ife Anthu,” anali ndi akazi, ngakhale kuti anakanidwa. Nkhondo ya Demetrition ya 19th Conflinection inaikidwa monga kuyesayesa kupanga lonjezo la Pregesary la“ mgwirizano wangwiro kwambiri” ndi “madalitso a ufulu” weniweni kwa theka la anthu. Kuchoka kwa ufuluwo mu 1920 kunaonedwa kukhala chipambano osati kwa akazi okha koma kwa malamulo amakhalidwe abwino olongosoledwa bwino.

Kampani ya antchito ya m'zaka za zana la makumi aŵiri inachita apilo ku “kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa onse” pochirikiza ufulu wa antchito, kuphatikizapo malipiro ochepa, maola ochuluka, ndi malo a ntchito otetezereka. Lamulo la New Deaf la ma 1930, monga Social Security Act ndi National Labor Relations Act, linalungamitsidwa bwino monga njira yochirikizira ubwino wa anthu onse. Khoti Lapamwamba linayamba kutsutsa zina za maprogramu a ntchito ameneŵa koma potsirizira pake linawachirikiza, ndi Justier Benjamin Cardozozo kulemba mu [FLT: 0] Macard Macadentine v. Davis [1] [FLT:] (113]) kuti foni ya Pregation’s kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka za kakhalidwe ka za anthu onse. Kumasulira kumeneku kunatsegulira khomo ku boma lamakono.

Kutsatira ufulu wachibadwidwe kwa m'ma 1950 ndi 1960 kuli chitsanzo champhamvu kwambiri cha ntchito. Atsogoleri onga Martin Luther King Jr. ndi mabungwe onga NAACP anagwiritsira ntchito chinenero cha Malamulo kukakamiza mtunduwo kukhala ndi zolinga zake zoyambika. Mawu akuti “Chilungamo” chinali maziko a malamulo olepheretsa kukhazikitsa, kuphatikizapo Brown v. Board of Education [1954], zimene zinkaona kuti malo a maphunziro apadera anali osagwirizana ndi mfundo zake. Zoyenera za mu 1965 zinafuna kuteteza “malamulo oletsa ufulu wa anthu a ku Africa omwe adatayapo dongosolo la makhalidwe ndi kusintha malamulo a kayendetsedwe ka zinthu.

Posachedwapa, poyambira pakhala pokambirana za malamulo a zaumoyo wa anthu, kukonzanso zaumoyo, kuteteza malo okhala, ndi ndawala. Ochirikiza kusintha anthu oloŵa m'dziko atchula mawu a Pregedge omwe ali ndi mawu owonjezera kuti dziko liyenera kulandira alendo amene amatsatira malamulo ake. Ochirikiza zaumoyo wapadziko lonse “amapereka ufulu wa anthu a boma" monga maziko a lamulo la kuloŵerera kwa boma mu inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo. Ochirikiza malo okhala akumalo akuzungulira akutsutsa kuti “kusunga madalitso a ufulu kwa ana athu a" kufunikira malamulo osungitsa dziko lapansi kutetezera mibadwo yamtsogolo. Kutsutsanakupitirizabe kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti mawu a zaumoyo wa dziko lapansili si mawu osasintha koma mawu a moyo a dziko omwe akupitirizabe kutsogolera moyo wa anthu a ku America.

Kutsutsa ndi Kumasulira kwa Masiku Ano

Chiyambi cha mawu oyamba chidakali chofunika m'zaka za zana la makumi aŵiri ndi loyamba, ponse paŵiri monga chizindikiro ndi magwero a kumasulira kwa lamulo. Pamene kuli kwakuti makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri samadalira pa mawu oyambawo monga magwero alamulo, amatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kuunikira zifuno za makonzedwe padera. M’nkhani zokhudza mphamvu ya boma, chinenero cha Pregagedge chonena za chitetezo cha onse ndi ubwino wa anthu chagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuchirikiza kuŵerengedwa kwakukulu kwa ulamuliro wa bungwe. M’milandu yokhudza ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha, kugogomezera ufulu ndi chilungamo kwathandiza kutetezera ufulu wapamwamba.

Akatswiri ena amaphunziro a m’nthawi ya atumwi akupitirizabe kutsutsana pa tanthauzo la mawu oyamba a Pregedge ndi mmene angagwiritsirire ntchito nkhani zamakono. Ena amanena kuti kumasulira kochepa kumene kumachepetsa mphamvu za boma pa mfundo za malamulo a m’bungwe la Malamulo, kumaona kuti mawu oyambawo ndi ongongofuna chabe.

Chiyambi cha maphunziro a boma chimathandizanso kwambiri. M’nyengo ya kuwonjezeka kwa ndale zadziko, aphunzitsi akufunafuna njira zolimbikitsira lingaliro la kukhala nzika. Pregedge imapereka malamulo aupapa amene angaphunzitsidwe m’miyambo ya malingaliro. Programme monga Ife People , yoyambitsidwa ndi Center for Civic Education, gwiritsirani ntchito Predge monga poyambira kuphunzitsa ophunzira za malamulo ndi udindo wawo monga nzika. National Constitution’s Center imaphatikizapo chuma cha Pregation chimene chimalimbikitsa kukambirana tanthauzo ndi tanthauzo lake.

Pa mlingo wothandiza, mawu a Pregedge akupitirizabe kutchulidwa m'malamulo, monga ngati kutsegulidwa kwa magawo a msonkhano ndi madzoma achilengedwe. Amasonyezedwa pa nyumba za anthu ndi kusindikizidwa m’zofalitsa za boma. Mawu akuti “Ife Anthu” takhala mawu omveka bwino pa ndawala za ndale zadziko, zionetsero, ndi zionetsero za manyuzipepala. Pa nthawi ya chisankho cha pulezidenti, anthu akuluakulu onse aŵiri anachonderera Preging m'nkhani zawo, kusonyeza kuti mawu ake ochonderera aubwenzi wa dziko lonse.

Ngakhale kuti chikalatachi chinkadziwika kwambiri, anthu ambiri amachikayikira. Ena amati “Ife Anthufe” sitinaphatikizepo anthu aukapolo, Eni America, kapena akazi, ndi kuti zifuno za chikalatacho sizinakwaniritsidwe mwamsanga. Kusuliza kumeneku kumasonyeza kusiyana pakati pa mfundo za Pregedge ndi zenizeni za m’mbiri ya America. Komabe kukhalapo kwenikweni kwa Progeing kumapereka muyezo umene mtundu ungadzipimire. Magulu a chilungamo a anthu nthaŵi zonse akhala akugwiritsira ntchito chinenero cha Pregageing kusonkhezera anthu onse ndi kufalikira, kuwona chikalatacho kukhala chosamalizidwa ndi chopangidwa koma cholonjezedwa.

Motero mbali ya mawu oyamba m’miyambo ya nzika za America iri ya mbali ziŵiri: imakhala mawu oyamba a chifuno cha dziko, ndipo imapereka maziko a kukambitsirana ndi kusintha kopitirizabe. Pamene mtunduwo ukupitirizabe kukambitsirana za chizindikiritso chake ndi chitsogozo, Pregedge imakhalabe chikumbutso chachidule koma chakuya cha zimene United States akufuna kukhala.