Zisumbu za m’mizinda (UHS) ndi nkhaŵa yomakulakula ya madera a m'mizinda padziko lonse, kumene maziko ochulukirapo, ntchito za anthu, ndi zomera zochepa zimakumana kuti zipangitse kutentha kwakukulu kuposa kwa madera akumidzi ozungulira . Chochitika chimenechi sichimangochititsa mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito poziziritsa komanso chimapangitsa anthu kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, makamaka anthu okalamba ndi amene ali ndi mikhalidwe yosadziŵika bwino. Maziko a madzi akupereka njira zamphamvu ndi zapamwamba zothandizira kuchepetsa UHI kuwonongeka kwa madzi. Mwakugwirizanitsa kuyendetsa madzi ndi malo obiriŵira obiriwira bwino ndi kuwonjezereka kwa madzi a m’mizinda, mizinda ingaziziritse malo awo, kukonzanso mphamvu za madzi, ndi kukonzanso nyengo yachitukuka. Nkhaniyi imapenda njira zoyendera njira za UIS, njira zoyendera ntchito zachipambano, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito kwa maluso, ndi kukambirana ndi kuyendetsa ntchito kwa mapulaneti a mizinda, ndi kukonza mapulani a mizinda, ndi kukonza kwa anthu a mizinda, ndi kukonza kwa anthu aumoyo kwa mizinda, ndi kukonza bwino, ndi kukonza

Kumvetsetsa Zisumbu Zotentha za M’matauni: Zochititsa ndi Zotulukapo Zake

Kutentha kwa m’tauni kumachitika pamene nthaka yachilengedwe ikutadwa [1] monga mitengo, udzu, ndi dothi , iloŵedwa mmalo ndi malo osatetezereka, kutentha kwa mpweya, konkire, ndi zinthu zomangira denga. Malo ameneŵa amaloŵetsa dzuŵa mkati mwa usana ndi kuitulutsanso monga kutentha usiku, kuchititsa madera a m’tauni kutentha mofulumira ndi kuzizira pang’onopang’ono kuposa malo akumidzi. Kuwonjezera apo, kutaya kutentha kwa galimoto, zipangizo zoziziritsira mpweya, ndi ntchito za maindasitale kumawonjezera ku chopereka chakutentha. Zotulukapo: malo a mzinda angakhale 1.5.6.5.55.555°C) kutentha kwa m'magawo a m’masana, ndi 22 KHDH.

Zotsatira za UH Is zimaposa pa mavuto. Kuipitsa mpweya kokwezeka kokhala ndi malo obiriŵira ndi kwanthaŵi yaitali. Kufulumizitsa kupangidwa kwa ozone wanthaka, mbali yaikulu ya mpweya wa shuga . Kutentha ndi imfa zochititsidwa ndi mafunde okhalitsa, ndi malo osungirako zinthu zochepera kaŵirikaŵiri onyamula katundu wochepa chifukwa cha malo obiriŵira ndi aukalamba, kusoŵa bwino kwa nyumba. Kufunidwa kwapamwamba kwa mphamvu ya magetsi yolimbitsa magetsi ndi kuwonjezera kutulutsa mpweya wotentha, kumachititsa kuipitsidwa kumene kumaipitsa vuto la UH Is Is ndi mbali ina. Madongosolo a madzi akumwa madzi akuya: kuwonjezereka kwa mada ndi kusoŵa kwa madzi odyetsa ndi kuzizira kukhoza kukhala kale ndi zosungira za madzi.

Mmene Madzi Angachepetsere Malo Okhala M’matauni

Malamulo a madzi akufika ku UHI mitigation amadalira pa malamulo atatu ogwirizana: kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kwa madzi (kutulutsa potherhamspice), kukulitsa malo apamwamba (kusintha) kupyolera m'zinthu zosungira madzi, ndi kuyendetsa madzi otentha a m'matupi a madzi. Mwa kugwirizanitsa kuyendetsa madzi ndi matauni, mizinda ikhoza kupanga microclites . Pansipa pali njira zazikulu zimene opanga malamulo ayenera kuzilingalira.

Kufufuza Zinthu Zabiri

Zinthu zachilengedwe monga zomera, nthaka, ndiponso zinthu zina zachilengedwe zimathandiza kuti madzi azikhala bwino.

  • Matsindwi a zomera zaudzu [1] – Manda a zomera pa madenga amene amatsopa madzi a mvula, kupatsa kutenthetsa, ndi kuziziritsa m'envulopu yomangira nyumba. Malo a Green angachititse matsindwi kuchepetsa kutentha ndi 30-6°F (17-33°C) poyerekezera ndi madenga a mdima ozoloŵereka.
  • [[FLT: 0] Maluŵa ndi maselo a zinthu zamoyo , amabza madendee a madzi osefukira, amabzala madzi a mkuntho, kuwalola kuloŵa ndi kutengedwa ndi zomera. Kupuma kwa maselo ameneŵa kumachepetsa kutentha kwa m’madzi.
  • Mapazi okhoza kusungunulidwa [1] – matumbo amene amalola madzi kudutsa, kuchepetsa kusungunuka ndi kusunga madzi pansi pa nthaka. Pamene madzi akuphwera kuchokera ku denga la msewu ndi kunsi kwa denga, amaziziritsa denga.
  • Mitengo ya Urban ndi mitengo ya m’khwalala [1] - Mitengo imapereka mthunzi ndi nthunzi ya madzi. Kubzala kwaluso m’makwalala ndi m’malo oimika magalimoto kukhoza kuchepetsa temperecha ya kumaloko ndi 2 /9°F (-5°C).
  • Madamu omangidwa bwino ndi maiwe a m'mabwinja [1] – zinthu zimenezi zosunga madzi sizimangolamulira madzi a mphepo komanso zimapatsa kuzizira mwa kuuma ndi kusinthana kwa kutentha kwa madzi.

Malamulo amene amachititsa kapena kukhazikitsa maziko obiriŵira kaamba ka zitukuko zatsopano, malo oimika magalimoto, ndi nyumba za anthu onse ngovuta. Matauni ambiri tsopano amafuna kuti chigawo china cha malo osatetezeka chichepetsedwe ndi denga lobiriŵira kapena minda yamvula. Manda, makala a makala, ndi ngongole za chimphepo zilimbikitse eni ake a katundu kutenga njira zimenezi.

Kuchuluka kwa Madzi a M’matauni

Madzi ali ndi mphamvu yapadera ya kutentha, kutanthauza kuti angatenge kutentha kwakukulu popanda kutentha kwambiri. Madzi a m’madzi amagwira ntchito ngati kutentha; usiku, amatulutsa kutentha kosungidwa pang’onopang’ono, kumasungunuka.

Njira zophunzitsira anthu kuwonjezera madzi m’mizinda zikuphatikizapo:

  • Kupumula kwa madzi achilengedwe – mizinda yambiri yakwiririka kapena kuloŵera m'mitsinje; kuwala kwake (kubisa ndi kubwezeretsa) kungapange makhonde oziziritsa.
  • Kumanga nyanja za m'tauni ndi malo osungiramo zinthu - Izi zimathandiza kuletsa chigumula ndi kuziziritsa. Mwachitsanzo, Bisan-Ang Mo Kio Park ku Singapore inasintha ngalande ya konkiri kukhala mtsinje wachilengedwe, kuchepetsa kutentha kozungulira ndi madigiri angapo.
  • Kukhazikitsa akasupe okongoletsa ndi madongosolo opimira – M'makwalala, mbali zimenezi zimapereka kuzizira kwa mwamsanga. Policies angafune mbali za madzi m'malo atsopano kapena m'malo atsopano.
  • Kutetezera ndi kufutukuka kwa matope [1] – Mawetland amapereka kulinganizika kwabwino kwa madzi ndi zomera, kupereka kuchuluka kwa kupuma kwa m'mabafa.

N’kofunika kwambiri kudziwa kuti madzi ayenera kusungidwa kuti apewe kukula kwa ndere ndi mavuto a udzudzu.

3. Kuyenda ndi kuyendetsa malo a madzi

Malo othirira amafunikira kuchuluka kwa mtengo wothirira ndipo amapereka phindu lochepa poyerekezera ndi malo osiyanasiyana, osathandiza a madzi. Xeriscaping , zomera za m'dziko limodzi ndi kuthirira kwamphamvu, amathirira ndi madzi. Amathirabe madzi pamene akupatsabe kuzizira kwa magetsi. M’mizinda yosalimba ndi youma monga PNT] P ndi Las Vevans , malamulo amene amaletsa kupuma ndi kuchepetsa chipululu chotupa ndi zomera zokhala zokhalamo zokhala zokhala ngati zokhala ndi malo otsika pofika pa 2 /551]

Madzi oteteza madzi angathandize kwambiri popereka malo osungira madzi, mapulogalamu osintha malo a mitengo, ndi kuthandizira kukonza malo ozungulira. Kuwonjezera apo, malamulo a kumaloko angafune kuti pakhale kusintha kwatsopano kophatikizapo kukongoletsa malo, makamaka m’madera otentha kwambiri.

Kusamalira Madzi ndi Malo Oziziritsa

Kupyola pa mbali zosiyanasiyana, mizinda ingapereke njira za chigawo chopimira. Madongosolo oziziritsa a Divering amene amagwiritsa ntchito madzi obwerera kapena zonyansa monga zoziziritsa nyumba zingachepetse kutentha kwa m'matauni. Mofananamo, Aquifer persure sunga magetsi otentha (ATES) kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apansi ndi kutulutsa mphamvu yotentha, kupatsa kutentha ndi kuzizira bwino. Policis amene amachirikiza ufulu wa madzi kaamba ka kusinthana ndi kufunda kwa matanthwe angakulitse mapindu.

Madzi othiridwa madzi a m’madzi amatanthauzanso kugwirizanitsa madzi a mkuntho ndi kutentha. Madzi a mvula akukumba zitsime, ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito pothirira kapena pothirira, kuwonjezera chinyontho ndi kuzizira kwa m’deralo. Madongosolo a Grayter angapereke madzi opangira malo obiriŵira panthaŵi youma, kutsimikizira kuti zomera ndi nthaka zikhalabe zonyowa ndi kuzizirira kupitirizabe ngakhale popanda mvula.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Kachitidwe ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Makina

Kutembenuza malamulo amadzi kukhala enieni kumafuna chifuno cha ndale zadziko, chichirikizo cha anthu, ndi ndalama zochirikizidwa.

  • Malipiro a magetsi a magetsi ndi ngongole mizinda yambiri imalipira zinthu zozikidwa pa malo osatetezereka. Kupereka ngongole kaamba ka mafashoni obiriŵira kumapatsa chisonkhezero cha ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, Filadelphia imalipira ndalama za madzi obiriŵira ndipo imalola mathangata obiriŵira, minda ya mvula, ndi misewu yokhoza kuikidwa, kutulutsa $40 miliyoni pachaka kaamba ka kuwirira kwa birisi.
  • Malamulo a nyumba za maluŵa ndi kumanga manda owonjezereka [[FL:1] – Kukongoletsa matsindwi obiriŵira kapena madzi m'masitepe atsopano aakulu angakhale ozoloŵereka.
  • Mayanjano aumwini (PPP) [1] Opititsa patsogolo angabweze ndalama zoyendetsera madzi a mkuntho mwa kumanga mbali za madzi a anthu onse kapena malo obiriŵira posinthanitsa ndi mabonasi aakulu.
  • Zomangira zamphamvu ndi zomangira za malo okhala - mizinda ingapereke mapangano mwachindunji kaamba ka ntchito za zomangamanga zobiriŵira, ndi zobwezedwa zogwirizana ndi zokhoza kuwonjezereka monga kuchepetsa kutentha kapena kutulutsa mlingo wa magetsi.
  • Malo ndi boma amapatsa – Programu zonga U.S. Programme Protection Agency ya Water Infractive and Resilience Action Plan pologing ndi European Union [[FLT:]]
  • Kugwirizana ndi kulinganiza ndi ma joni [1] -active [1] -Pricies zimene zimaika patsogolo ndalama zopezedwa zotsika ndi zopanda kutentha zingapange malo oyenera pamene akuziziritsa mzinda. Yobu akuphunzitsa maprogramu a kuika denga la tsindwi ndi kulisamalira amawonjezera phindu lachuma.

Kufufuza za Matenda: Mizinda Iyamba Kuyenda Bwino

Los Angeles, California

Los Angeles adakumana ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi chilala, kusonkhezera mzindawo kutengera Plan yotchuka [[FL: 0] Urban . Plan yogwirizanitsa madzi. Mzindawu umafunikira nyumba zatsopano zonse kuti zikhale ndi denga lozizira (loyera kapena loyera) ndi kupatsa zomangapo za mitengo ndi minda yamvula. [[FL:2] L.A. . projekiti ya Mtsinje ya Revitation imafuna kubwezeretsa makilomita 51 a mtsinje wokhala ndi magombe achilengedwe ndi malo opasukira, kupanga malo ozizirira omwenso amayendetsa madzi a mvula. Kuyambiriro kwa nthaŵi yaitali kumasonyeza kutsika kwa kubwererako., kuphatikizapo ntchito ya mzindawo: [FLT. Programme : Flatections programmes , 1500.

Singapore

Singapore amatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kukhala chitsanzo cha kugwirizanitsa madzi ndi kutentha. Ntchito, Kukongola, Madzi Oyera (ABC Madzi) programu imasintha madzi a konkire kumitsi ndi maiwe achilengedwe. Magawo a mtengo wa mtengo wa denga [[FLT:] Gardens ku Bay ndi madzi a m'madzi amadzi a m'nyanja ndi ofutukulidwa kuthira madzi ake a Superming ndi costarvation, kupanga tizilombo tofeŵerapo ngakhale m’malo otentha. Mzinda wa chigawo wa chigawo chakunja umalo ena amalamuliranso madenga obiriŵira obiriŵira pa zochitika zatsopano za anthu ndipo waikidwa pa 100 zobiriŵira za mzinda wa Singapore ndi mbali zina za madzi. Maphunziro a Singapore akusonyeza kuti m’malo ozungulira Singapore ndi malo ozungulira.

Melbourne, Australia

Melbourne’s Tracket ya nkhalango [1] ndi Pulogalamu ya Madzi ya ku Thupi la ku Melbourne] cholinga cha kuziziritsa mzinda pa 4°C pa 2040. Mzindawu wabzala mitengo yoposa 70,000 ndi kugwiritsira ntchito madzi owirira kuti awathire madzi m’nyengo youma. Zimafunanso kuti zinthu zatsopano zonse zipeze malo a madzi a m’tauni (WSS) kuphatikiza minda yamvula, mizere, ndi kukolola madzi. [FLT:] Parks Welth .

Copenhagen, Denmark

Pambuyo pa mtambo waukulu mu 2011, Copenhagen anasintha njira yake ya madzi otentha ndi kutentha m’maganizo. Couverdibst Management Plan imasintha misewu, mabwalo, ndi mapaki kukhala ziwiya za madzi zosakhalitsa zimene zimatumikiranso monga ma oase. Mapaki onga [FLD:] Engapenten [1] imasunga mamita 1,000 a matantuksiti , pamene pamwamba pa madzi ndi kufupika amachepetsa kutentha kwapaipi yapansi pa dziko lonselo. Mzindawu umagwiritsira ntchito msanganizo wa madenga obiriŵiro, ndi nyanja zatsopano m’madera ake onse.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Ndiponso Kuwaganizira

Pamene kuli kwakuti njira ya madzi ya UHI ikufika pa kuchepetsako zinthu ikulonjeza, zovuta zingapo ziyenera kuthetsedwa:

  • Kusoŵa kwa madzi [1] , , kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuziziritsa kuyenera kulinganizika ndi kuteteza. Policies ayenera kuika malo oyamba opangira madzi osatha monga madzi a mkuntho, madzi a fufu, ndi madzi ovundulidwa.
  • Mtolo wa kuchuluka [1] – mlingo wa maluwa ndi madzi a Green Factory umafunikira kusungidwa. Popanda ndalama zoperekedwa ndi mphamvu ya m'mamzingu, madongosolo angalephere, kuchititsa kubuka kwa udzudzu kapena kusefukira.
  • Kusintha konga [[FLT :1] – chilala choopsa kapena mvula yaikulu ingatsendereze madongosolo achilengedwe ndi okonzedwa. Zopanga zosinthasintha zimene zingagwire ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana nzofunika.
  • Nkhaŵa zosayenera [1] - Preftware zopezeka kaŵirikaŵiri m'madera olemera choyamba. Apolitiki ayenera kutengera dala kutsatsa malonda a anthu otentha kuti apeŵe kukulitsa kusiyana komwe kulipo.
  • Zopinga ndi malamulo – ufulu wa madzi, kugwirizana kopinga, ma steoter , madrector, mabungwe olinganiza zinthu, ndi malamulo achikale angafulumire kukwaniritsa. Olola ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito.

Malangizo a M’tsogolo

Kusintha kwa nyengo kukamakula, kufunikira kwa mphamvu ya UHI kumangowonjezereka.

  • [[FLT: 0] Kulinganiza kwa Data-drive ----isebenzisa zojambula za satellite, zojambula za IoT, ndi zithunzi za nyengo zodziŵikitsa mahomoni otentha ndi oloŵerapo. Matauni onga Komiti ya Mayami-Dade tsopano imagwiritsira ntchito kutentha kwa kutsatsa malonda a kutsata ndalama.
  • Mabulue green blue family – kugwirizanitsa matsindwi obiriŵira, mapaki, matherezi, ndi madzi kukhala mapaipi opitirizabe kupangitsa kuzizira ndi kuchititsa malo okhala kulumikizana.
  • Maulamuliro a kupima – Kuchotsa malamulo a madzi monga njira zoyesera, ndi kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera motsatira zotsatirapo zowoneka.
  • Chizindikiro cha commoniy co-deking ---imodzi yozungulira anthu m'mapangidwe a madzi ndi malo obiriŵira amatsimikizira kufunika kwa chikhalidwe ndi udindo wa nthaŵi yaitali.
  • Kulimbana ndi ntchito ya kutentha kwamphamvu [[FLT :1] – malamulo a madzi ayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi machenjezo aumoyo wa anthu onse, malo oziziritsa, ndi kutsalira kwa anthu a riski panthaŵi ya kutentha.

Kumaliza

Zisumbu za m’mizinda zotentha ndizo vuto lalikulu la malo okhala ndi thanzi la anthu, koma njira za madzi zimapereka njira zothandizira zopindulitsa, za chilengedwe. Mwa kupititsa patsogolo zobiriŵira, kufutukuka kwa madzi a m’mizinda, kulimbikitsa malo oyendera madzi oyenda bwino, ndi kugwirizanitsa kuyendetsa madzi m'madongosolo a m'chigawo ozizirira ndi madzi otentha, mizinda ingachepetse kwambiri kutentha pamene ikuwongoleranso kutetezeka kwa madzi, kulimba kwa mpweya, ndi kulimba kwa moyo. Kufufuza za Los Angeles, Singapore, Melbourbourne, ndi Copenhagen kumasonyeza kuti njira zimenezi sizingothandiza chabe koma zimasinthanso pamene phindu la nthaŵi yaitali limakhala. Mayeso a madzulo, kupitiriza kuyang'anira zinthu za m'makwakete. Maderensi: "[3]