Malamulo a kumaloko . "akhoza kutchedwa malamulo a boma kapena a mzinda , jambulani malamulo osaoneka amene amasungitsa malo okhala, oyera, ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuyambira pautali wa mpanda wanu mpaka panthaŵi imene mungaiike udzu, malamulowa amaumba zimene munthu aliyense amakumana nazo tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene kuli kwakuti angaoneke ngati malamulo a boma, malamulo a m'deralo ndiwo zipangizo zothandiza zotetezera katundu, kutsimikizira kuti anthu onse ali ndi thanzi labwino, ndi kuchirikiza lingaliro la udindo wogawiridwa. Kuzindikira mmene malamulo ameneŵa amagwirira ntchito, chifukwa chake iwo ali ofunika kwa eni nyumba, wobwereka nyumba, kapena mtsogoleri wa chitaganya.

Kufunika kwa Malamulo a M’derali Pochita Zachitetezo ndi Ukhondo

Popanda malamulo amenewa, sipangakhale malamulo oletsa kumanga nyumba mwachisawawa, sipangakhale phokoso losokoneza tulo, ndiponso palibe njira yothetsera zinyalala zimene zimakopa tizilombo.

Kudziteteza

Malamulo omanga, malamulo a zachitetezo za moto, ndi malamulo a pamsewu amachepetsa mwachindunji ngozi. Mwachitsanzo, mpambo wa malamulo a nyumba za kumaloko ungafunikire machenjezo a utsi m’chipinda chilichonse kapena kulamula kuti pakhale zopinga zina zochokera ku msewu kutsimikizira kwa oyendetsa. International Code Code (IC) [1] Amapereka malamulo achitsanzo amene a m'malo ambiri a boma amatsatira ndi kusinthira mikhalidwe ya kumaloko. Kugwirizana ndi malamulo ameneŵa kwasonyezedwa kuchepetsa kulephera kwa nyumba ndi imfa zoyendera moto.

Kulimbikitsa Ukhondo wa Anthu

Malamulo aukhondo amakuta zonse kuyambira pa ndandanda ya zosungira za dala lamoto ndi zinyalala. Lamulo la mzinda limafuna kuti zinyalala ziikidwe m'zotengera zophimbidwa ndi kusonkhanitsa mlungu uliwonse, kuchepetsa kukopa kwa makoswe ndi ma raccoon. Programu ya CDC Yabwino ya Malo Okhalako bwino imagogomezera kuti malo okhala ndi zinyalala amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ndi matenda. Pamene nzika zimatsatira malamulo ameneŵa, mapindu onse a m'deralo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa thanzi ndi maonekedwe okongola.

Kukulitsa Mkhalidwe wa Moyo

Kupyola pa chisungiko ndi ukhondo, malamulo akumalo amatetezeranso mikhalidwe yosadziŵika imene imapangitsa chitaganya kukhala chofanana ndi malo. Malamulo a phokoso amene amachepetsa ntchito zazikulu pambuyo pa 10 p.m., mwachitsanzo, amathandiza kutsimikizira kuti nzikazo zikhoza kugona ndi kugwira ntchito popanda kusokonezeka. Malamulo osiyanitsa mafakitale ndi malo okhala ndi malo osungirako mpweya ndi kuchepetsa phokoso. Kufufuza kwa Dectit Center for Hongial Studies ku Harvard University [1] Malamulo omveka bwino ndi otsatiritsa nthaŵi zonse kumapereka chikhutiro chachikulu pakati pa anthu okhalamo.

Mitundu ya Malamulo Akomweko Aliyense Ayenera Kudziŵa

Kumvetsa malamulo akuluakulu kumathandiza anthu kudziwa zimene akufunika kuchita ndiponso mmene angatsatire.

Malamulo Omanga

Malamulo omanga amakhazikitsa miyezo yochepera yomangira, kukonzanso, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu. Amabisa kukhazikika, magetsi, pompo, ndi mphamvu. Chilolezo chimafunika ntchito iliyonse yaikulu, ndipo kufufuza kumatsimikizira ntchitoyo kukwaniritsa malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, mizinda yambiri tsopano imafunikira nyumba zatsopano kumangidwa ndi zosazira moto, lamulo limene lapulumutsa miyoyo yosaŵerengeka. [FL:0] National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Malamulo Opeka

Kugawa chigawo cha makampani kukhala zigawo (zamalonda, zamalonda, maindasitale, ndi zina zotero) ndipo kumaletsa zimene zingamangidwe. Zimenezi zimaletsa fakitale kutsegulira pafupi ndi sukulu ndipo zimatsimikizira kuti maderawo asungabe mkhalidwe wawo. Kudzikongoletsa kumalamuliranso ukulu wochuluka, kumanga malo okwera, ndi zopinga. Madera ambiri awononga madera kuti atetezedwe kapena a malo okhala. Kumvetsetsa malo anu ndi sitepe loyamba a kumanga nyumba kapena kuyambitsa bizinesi.

Mphepo Yam’kamwa

Malamulo a phokoso amakhazikitsa milingo yovomerezeka yozikidwa pa nthaŵi ya tsiku ndi malo. Mwachibadwa, milingo yabata imalamulidwa mkati mwa maora ausiku. Phokoso la kumanga lingakhale la maola akutiakuti pamasiku apakati pa mlungu ndi kuletsedwa pa Sande. Kaŵirikaŵiri kukakamiza kumadalira pa madandaulo, koma mizinda ina tsopano imagwiritsira ntchito kuyang'anira kwa mawu kochitidwa ndi otsalira m'maseŵera. Compliance imatetezera zonse ziŵiri kuyenera kwa mtendere wa nyumba ya munthu ndi malo amalonda.

Malamulo a Thanzi ndi Ukhondo

Malamulo ameneŵa amaphatikizapo kutaya zinyalala, kuletsa tizilombo, ndi kukonza zinthu kuti ziteteze thanzi. Nthaŵi zambiri amafuna eni malo kusunga udzu pansi pa msinkhu winawake, kuchotsa madzi oima (amene amabzala udzudzu), ndi kusungitsa dongosolo la kachete. Malo a chakudya amayang'anizana ndi malamulo ena okhudza kusunga, kukonza, ndi ukhondo. U.S Food and DRUG (FLM :1] imapereka malamulo achitsanzo a zakudya amene mabungwe a zaumoyo a m'deralo amathandiza.

Malamulo Osamalira Malo

Malo osungiramo katundu amadutsa m’malo aukhondo kuti athetse nyumba zambiri komanso malo. Malo ake amafunika kuti madenga, mawindo, zipupa, ndi mpanda zikhale zokonzedwa bwino. Kujambula utoto, mawindo othyoka, ndi zomera zomera bwino kungathe kutchulidwa kuti ndi kuswa malamulowa. Matauni ambiri amakonza mapulogalamu oyendera nyumba ndi eni nyumba kuti adziwe mavuto awo asanawonongeke.

Mmene Malamulo Akumachitira ndi Anthu a M’deralo

Malamulo a m’deralo si ongokhudza zinthu chabe, koma amakhudza moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndalama zanu, ndi mmene mumamvera kuti ndinu wotetezeka.

Makhalidwe a Chuma

Malo osungitsa kusungidwa ndi malamulo a kukonza zinthu ndi kuwonjezera mapindu ake. Ogula zinthu panyumba ngofunitsitsa kulipira chitsimikizo chakuti malonda awo sadzawonongeka ndi khomo lotsalira. Kufufuza kuchokera ku Urban Institute kumasonyeza kuti malamulo otsatizana amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa katundu ndi kukwaniritsa malamulo. Pamene malamulo atsatiridwa bwino, nzika zonse zimapindula ndi kuyesayesa kwa gulu lonse.

Kuloŵa M’gulu

Malamulo a kumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga njira zalamulo kaamba ka kuloŵetsedwamo kwa nzika. Kumvetsera kwapoyera pa masinthidwe a malo, misonkhano ya mabungwe, ndi maprogramu a malo ozungulira onse amadalira kukhala ndi phande kwa nzika. Anthu amene amapezeka pamisonkhano imeneyi amapeza mawu a mmene chitaganya chawo chimasinthidwira. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumapanga likulu la kakhalidwe ka anthu . Anthu akalingalira kuti angasonkhetse malamulowo, amakhala othekera kwambiri kugwirizana nawo.

Chitetezo cha Anthu Onse

Malamulo okhudzana ndi kuunikira, mpanda, ndi zipata za chitetezo angayambukire mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo amene amafuna kuunikira kwa panja kokwanira m'malo oimika ndi madera ofala amaletsa apandu. Matauni ena ali ndi “kuletsa koopsa mwa kukonza malo okhala [1] (CPTED) zitsogozo zoikidwa m'malamulo awo. Kuwonjezera apo, malamulo a phokoso ndi malamulo oyenda bwino amathandiza kusungitsa bata, makamaka m’madera ogwirizanitsidwa ndi moyo wausiku. Malo okhala ndi malo otetezeka bwino amatumiza chizindikiro chimene chitaganya chimayang'aniridwa mokangalika.

Kukakamiza Malamulo Akomweko: Mmene Malamulo Amakhalira Oona

Ngakhale malamulo abwino kwambiri ngopanda pake. Maboma amadalira kupenda kosiyanasiyana kochitidwa mwachangu, kuyankha kodzutsa chisoni, ndi madongosolo a chilango kuti atsimikizire kugonjera.

Kufufuza

Kufufuza kwa makampani ndi kofala kwa malo obwereka nyumba, malo opangira chakudya, ndi kumanga atsopano. Oyang’anira ntchito amafufuza pa zochitika zazikulu . Kutsegulira, kujambula, magetsi, kutsimikizira lamulo la zaumoyo. Oyang’anira zaumoyo amayendera malesitilanti osatchulidwa, ndipo oyang'anira malo osungira katundu angapereke malo osakazirako anthu oyandikana ndi kuswa. Kufufuza kumeneku kumatenga mavuto mwamsanga, nthaŵi zambiri asanakhale ngozi.

Ubwino ndi Malipiro

Kulephera kutsogolera kumatulukapo chenjezo lotsatiridwa ndi malipoti amene amawonjezereka chifukwa cha kuswa lamulo mobwerezabwereza. Mwachitsanzo, mlandu woyamba wa bwana womera mmalo okongola ungakhale ndi ndalama zokwana madola 50, $100, ndi milandu yotsatira ingafike $500 patsiku. Mizinda ina imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yoika malo amodzi kapena, m’zochitika zowopsa, kutsutsa nyumba. Cholinga si kulanga nyumba koma kupanga chisonkhezero champhamvu chovomerezera.

Lipoti la Anthu

Anthu okhala m’dziko amachita mbali yaikulu popereka lipoti la kuswa malamulo. Makampani ambiri amapereka mapulogalamu a pa Intaneti ochitira lipoti madoko, otentha, kapena a m'mafoni kuti apereke madandaulo. Kulemba nkhani popanda kudziwa kuti akupereka uthenga wa foni kumathandiza ofufuza kuyendera. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo woyang’anira malowo, kuonetsa kuswa lamulolo, ndi kutumiza chikalata chosonyeza kuti waphwanya malamulowo. Ngati vutolo lapitirizabe, mlanduwo ungaperekedwe ku bungwe la milandu kapena khoti.

Kuloŵerera m’Malamulo a M’deralo

Kutenga nawo mbali ndi njira yamphamvu kwambiri yotsimikizira kuti malamulo akusonyeza zimene anthu a m’dera lanu amafunikira ndiponso makhalidwe awo abwino.

Kupezeka pa Misonkhano ya M’makampani

Misonkhano imeneyi ndi imene anthu amakambirana ndi kukonza malamulo operekedwa. Mwa kupezekapo, mungaphunzire zinthu zimene zikusintha, ndiponso mumakhala ndi mlandu wosankha akuluakulu a boma. Oyang’anira malo ambiri amakhala ndi misonkhano ya m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo amalandira ndemanga zolembedwa za anthu amene sangapezeke.

Makomiti Ogwirizanitsa

Makomiti ameneŵa nthaŵi zambiri amavomereza mfundo zimene zimadalira malamulo atsopano. Ziŵalozo nthaŵi zambiri zimafuna kuti zikhale zodzifunira kapena zofunikira. Kutumikira pa komiti kumathandiza kupanga malamulo okhudza malo anu.

Kuphunzitsa Anansi

Kusamala ndi nkhondoyo kuli mbali ya nkhondo. Kuswa malamulo ambiri kumachitika chifukwa chakuti anthu sakudziŵa malamulo. Mungathandize mwa kuuzana chidziŵitso kudzera m'manyuzipepala a m'dera lapafupi, magulu a pa Intaneti, kapena zipani zoteteza anthu. Magulu ena amalinganiza “masitepe otsagana ndi mawu amodzi a" kumene anthu odzipereka amagaŵira ndege ndi mafunso. Pamene aliyense azindikira zimene zikuyembekezeredwa, ziŵerengero za anthu zimakwera modzifunira, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa kusungitsa lamulo.

Kusintha

Ngati malamulo amene alipowo akuoneka ngati achikale kapena osalungama, nzika za m'tauni zingayambire kukonzanso. Zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimayamba ndi kufufuza / kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake lamulolo linapangidwira ndi zotsatira zake. Kusonkhanitsa chithandizo cha anansi, kubweretsa chidziŵitso ku misonkhano ya m'mizinda, ndi kukonza zinthu zina. Kusintha kwachipambano kwachititsa kusintha monga ngati kulola ulimi wa m’mizinda, kusintha malire a phokoso kaamba ka zochitika za kunja, kapena kukonzanso malangizo a m'mbiri kulola mawindo amakono a mphamvu.

Mavuto Otsatira Malamulo a M’deralo

Ngakhale kuti malamulo a m’deralo ndi ofunika, sikuti mavuto alipo chifukwa anthu amakhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana pokhazikitsa malamulo abwino, ogwira mtima ndiponso odalirika.

Kukana Kusintha

Lamulo lililonse lolingaliridwa [1] kukonzanso kwa amene alipopoli, kungafikire otsutsa anzika omwe ali omasuka ndi mkhalidwe wa malo. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera zofunika pa nyumba zimene zilipo kungatsutsidwe chifukwa cha kutayikiridwa, ngakhale kuti kumapulumutsa miyoyo. NIMBYism (Kupanda ku Backyard ”) kaŵirikaŵiri imaonekera pamene kusintha kwa zinthu kulola kulemera kwapamwamba kapena nyumba zokhoza. Kulimbana kumafuna kulankhulana kwabwino, njira zoonekera bwino, ndipo nthaŵi zina kulolera molakwa.

Kupimidwa kwa Zinthu

Makampani aang'ono ndi apakati samakhala ndi bajeti ndi antchito kusungitsa malamulo onse mogwira mtima. Ofesala a lamulo mmodzi angakhale ndi thayo la kulinganiza zinthu zikwi zambiri. Kuzengereza, kudandaula, ndi kugonjera. Technology ingathandize mizinda ina kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso kukhazikitsa zinthu zapamwamba . Koma pomalizira pake, kusungitsa kumafuna ndalama. Kulinganiza ndalama zokwanira za makampani kuli mbali ya kuloŵetsedwa m'chitaganya.

Mipata Yodziwiratu

Ngakhale anthu okhala m’dziko amene akudziwa bwino malamulo apadera amene amagwira ntchito pa katundu wawo. Anthu atsopano sangadziwe kuti mzinda wawo umafunika chilolezo cha mpanda pa msinkhu winawake, kapena kuti kubzala mitengo kumanja kwa anthu, kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti, ndiponso chinenero chovuta kwambiri, zonsezi zingathandize kuti anthu adziwe zinthu.

Kulinganiza Kufanana ndi Kufeŵa

Malamulo amodzi oyenerera sangakhale othandiza kwa anthu onse. Mwachitsanzo, phokoso limodzi lokha lingakhale loletsa kwambiri kwa chigawo cha oimba adakalipo koma osasamala kwambiri misewu ya phee. Mizinda ina yatengera “malamulo ogwirizana ndi maluso apadera a "malamulo a" amene amasumika maganizo pa kumanga ndi makhalidwe mmalo mwa kusiyanitsa ntchito. Ena amagwiritsira ntchito madera osungira malamulo osiyanasiyana kumadera osiyanasiyana. Kupeza kulinganiza kwabwino pakati pa ndandanda ndi kusintha kwa malo ndiko vuto lopitirizabe.

Kumaliza: Udindo Wonse

Malo otetezeka, oyera sachitika mwangozi. Amachititsidwa ndi malamulo a kumaloko olinganizidwa bwino, kusungitsa malamulo osasinthasintha, ndi kukhala ndi phande kwachangu.

Mwa kukhalabe wodziŵa bwino za dongosolo limeneli, kupezeka pamisonkhano, ndi kusimba nkhani, mumathandiza kutsimikizira kuti malamulo a kumaloko akhalabe othandiza, abwino, ndi olabadira. Kuyesayesa kumene mumaika lerolino kumapindulitsa katundu, chisungiko cha anthu, ndi chisangalalo chopepuka cha kukhala m’mudzi umene umadzisamalira.