Table of Contents

Malonda Aulere: Kupeza Kulinganizika Koyenera

Kutsutsana pakati pa malamulo a boma ndi malamulo aulere osungitsa malamulo a zachuma kwakhala kogwirizana ndi mkangano wa zachuma kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Kuchokera ku [1] Kuchokera ku Mitundu ya [FLT] ku nkhondo yamakono yolimbana ndi malamulo oletsa kuikizira ndi malamulo a malo okhala, anthu nthaŵi zonse amalimbana ndi kuloŵerera kwabwino. Sikonse kwa laisez-faire kapena kuletsa kwakukulu kumene kwabweretsapo kulemera; vuto lili m'katande limene limalamulira dongosolo la dynism la mabizinesi pamene likutetezera nzika zawo ku kulakwa kwawo.

Malingaliro Abwino: Kusintha ndi Malonda Aulere Zilongosoledwa

Pa malamulo ake osavuta, amalozera ku malamulo ndi miyezo yoikidwa ndi maboma pa mabizinesi ndi anthu. Zimenezi zingaphatikizepo chisungiko cha malonda, mikhalidwe ya antchito, kuvumbulidwa kwa zachuma, kutulutsa malo okhala, kapena machitachita ampikisano. Zolinga zotchulidwazo kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphatikizapo kuwongolera kulephera kwa malonda a malonda , chidziŵitso cholakwika, kapena mphamvu ya kupititsa patsogolo zolinga za mayanjano monga thanzi la anthu onse ndi kukondera.

Malonda aulere, motsutsana ndi kuloŵerera kwa boma. Mapilo, malipiro, ndi kuchuluka kwa zotulutsidwa zimapangidwa ndi mabizinesi aufulu ndi oyendetsa zinthu. Ochirikiza amanena kuti kupanga zosankha zoyenerera kumatsogolera ku zotulukapo zabwino, kukonzanso zinthu, ndi ulamuliro wa ogula. Otsutsa amanena kuti misika yosalamulirika ingachititse kusalingana, kusakhazikika, ndi kuvulaza anthu a mbali zitatu.

M'mbiri, kutsungula kulikonse kwa zachuma kumagwira ntchito monga dongosolo losanganiza, kuphatikiza magulu a malonda ndi mapulogalamu otetezera. Funso sili kuyang'anira, koma ukulu ndi [[FLT:] mu [FLT]] mtundu . Mwachitsanzo, United States yasintha pakati pa nyengo za malamulo okhwima kwambiri (nyengo yatsopano ya , madeti-2008 kukonzanso chuma) ndi degiption (1980, kukwera kwa matelekomu a 1990). Kusintha kulikonse kunatulutsa ziyambukiro zosintha pa kukula, kukonzanso kwa anthu.

Nkhani Yoyenera Kuwawongolera: Kuwawongolera ndi Kuwachenjeza

Nthawi zambiri munthu amayamba kusintha zinthu akalephera kugula zinthu.

Chitetezo cha Amalonda ndi Chidziŵitso

Popanda malamulo oletsa kusatsa malonda konyenga kapena zinthu zosatetezereka, ogula angatenge mtolo wa kuyesa zinthu zonse zimene apanga. Food and Drug Administration ya United States imaletsa mankhwala oopsa kufika pamsika. Federal Food, Drug, ndi Cosmetic Act inaperekedwa pambuyo pa kupha kwakupha mankhwala a poizoni amene amapha anthu oposa 100. Lerolino, kuvomerezedwa ndi FDA, ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina kumasuliridwa kukhala kochedwa, kwachepetsa kwambiri kuchitika kwa masoka a mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Asayansi yokhudza nkhani zakupha mankhwala oopsa ochokera ku FDA [1] Akusonyeza kuti kupima kwa anthu otetezedwa chaka chilichonse kupulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu zikwi zambiri.

Kukhazikika kwa Malonda ndi Ngozi Zachilengedwe

Makampani ayamba kuchuluka kwambiri. Mavuto a zachuma padziko lonse achitika chifukwa cha zinthu zotha kubwereketsa ndalama, kubwereketsa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Poyankha, Dodd-Frank Act yoyambitsa kuyesa kupsinjika maganizo, zofunikira zamalikulu, ndi Chilango cha Volcker. Pamene kuli kwakuti ena akutsutsa malamulo ameneŵa kuchepetsa kukongola, dongosolo la zosungira ndalama la U.S. lakhala lolimba kwambiri kupyola zotsatira. Maphunziro a Dodd-F:0 Brankings Institutions

Kutetezeredwa kwa Malo Okhala

Kuipitsa ndiko mtengo wodziŵika bwino wa kunja kwa dziko . Ndi mtengo umene umaperekedwa pa anthu kuti malondawo sadzitengera okha mtengo. Malamulo onga Cease Air Act (1970) ndi kusintha kwake achepetsa zoipitsa za mpweya ndi 70% ngakhale pamene GDP inakula ndi 200%. Mapindu m'mayeso a chipatala ochepetsedwa, kutha kwa tsiku la tsiku, ndi imfa zamwamsanga amaposa mtengo wotsatira. Mapindu a Environment Protection Agency a mtengo wa benefix akusonyeza mapindu a mabiliyoni a ndalama.

Kuchirikiza Mpikisano ndi Kuletsa Monopo Mwachisawawa

Kuikirana malamulo, monga ngati Sherman Act (1890) ndi Clayton Act (1914), cholinga cha kuletsa machenjera ndi makhalidwe amodzi. Popanda iwo, makampani aakulu angaloŵetsemo m'maprinsip, malonda okha, kapena kuphatikiza mafunde amene amaletsa mpikisano. Mafunde aposachedwapa olimbana ndi Big Tech , kuphatikizapo Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo yolimbana ndi Google·illusttings system systry a malamulo ameneŵa. Faceral Tradel Commission ikufotokoza kuti ngakhale m'maindasitale yamphamvu, khalidwe lina lingachepetsere zosankha ndi kupanga zinthu patali.

Mapindu a Msika Waulere: Kugwirizana ndi Ufulu

Malonda aulere amachitidwa chifukwa cha kukhoza kwawo kupanga chuma ndi kusinthira ku kusintha kwa mikhalidwe.

Kusintha Kupyolera m’Mpikisano

Pamene malire oloŵerapo ali otsika ndipo makampani akupikisana ndi makasitomala, chisonkhezero cha kuwonjezereka kwa makompyuta. Kusintha kwa makompyuta, kukwera kwa intaneti, ndi kufalikira kwa zinthu zachilengedwe za pa foni zonse zinatuluka kuchokera ku malo ozungulira osalamuliridwa bwino. Mabungwe onga Apple, Google, ndi Tesla anatukuka m'magawo kumene malamulo anali ochepa kwambiri. Malinga ndi kufufuza kuchokera ku National Bureaunt of Economic Research [, mafakitale okhala ndi mitolo yotsika yosonyeza milingo yowonjezereka yosonyeza kumanga ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito.

Ulamuliro wa Anthu Ogula ndi Zosankha Zawo

Makampani a ndege atachotsedwa mu 1978 ndi nkhani yophunziridwa: ndalama zotsika, kuchuluka kwa anthu opanga zikwama, kuonetsa zimene akufuna. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mitengo, ndi zinthu zina zambiri kuposa zimene zingapereke. Makampani a ndege atatsika kwambiri mu 1978 ndi: ndalama zotsika, kukwera kwa ndege, ndipo anthu mamiliyoni ambiri anayamba kuuluka. Pamene kuli kwakuti kulimba kwa makampani kunachitika, kuchuluka kwa mpikisano kunabweretsa ndalama zochuluka. laibulale ya Economics ndi Liberty imafikitsapo maphunziro osonyeza kuti degsurection inapulumutsa apaulendo $200,000,000,000 chaka chilichonse mu 1990.

Kupeza Njira Yopezera Zinthu Zamakono

Mitengo ya m'masitolo opanda makampani imagwira ntchito monga zizindikiro za chidziŵitso. Pamene katundu asoŵa, mtengo wake umakwera, kulimbikitsa kusungidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwina. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa ndalama kumachepetsa mitengo ndi kutsika kwa zotulukapo. Kugwirizana kumeneku kwabwino, monga momwe Friedrich Hayek ananenera, nkothandiza kwambiri kuposa bungwe lililonse lolinganiza boma. Kugwa kwa Soviet Union kunasonyeza kuti chuma chapakati cha dziko cha intefficiencies, kumene kusoŵa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina kumakhalako chifukwa chakuti mitengo sinasonyeze kuti inali yeniyeni.

Kupita Patsogolo ndi Kudziikira Patsogolo

Maiko okhala ndi ufulu wamphamvu wa zachuma, monga ngati aja otsatiridwa ndi Heritage Foundation of Economic Freedom , amakhala ndi kukwera kwa munthu aliyense. Kuloŵa ndi kutuluka kolola zipangizo kupita ku ntchito zawo zabwino. Maboma a masiteshoni ngokwera kwambiri m'maboma ochepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa, kulola, ndi kuyendetsa katundu. Komabe, unansiwo suli ndandanda ya munthu aliyense wa GDP (kuyenera, malamulo a pangano) nngofunika kuti misika igwire ntchito yonse.

Mavuto a Kubwezeretsa Chilango: Pamene Zotsekereza Zikhala Zopinga

Ngakhale kuti malamulowo ali abwino, malamulowo angawononge zinthu zambiri ngati sanapangidwe bwino kapena atachulukitsitsa.

Kugonjetsa ndi Kuchedwa kwa Olamulira a U.S.A.

Chachikulu, malamulo oletsa ntchito angachedwetse ntchito za bizinesi ndi kufooketsa kuikizira ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo a ntchito amene amasiyana ndi boma amapangitsa zopinga za ntchito. Cato Institute [1] Katting imayerekezera kuti kugulitsa nsabwe kumawonongetsa antchito a ku America $200,000,000,000,000 pachaka m’mipata yotayikira. Mofananamo, kulola malo okhala ndi fakitale yatsopano kungatenge zaka, ngakhale ntchito zopanda mphamvu zambiri.

Zotulukapo Zosayembekezeredwa ndi Kupotoza Malonda

Malamulo angayambitse zisonkhezero zoipa. Kulamulira kwa shelefu, kolinganizidwira kusunga nyumba zosakwanira, kaŵirikaŵiri kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo obwereketsa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa pulogalamu ya shuga ya United States imaika mlingo wa kutsatsa ndi ndalama zimene zimasunga mitengo yapanyumba kukhala yopangidwa, kuwonongetsa ogula pafupifupi $3 biliyoni pachaka pamene akutetezera chiŵerengero cha otulutsa. Malamulo ameneŵa amaswa lamulo la kuchita zabwino zambiri kuposa kuvulaza.

Kulipira ndi Kubwezera

Makampani aang'ono amayang'anizana ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wotsatira chifukwa satha kufalitsa ndalama zoyendetsera pepala lalikulu. Kufufuza kwa National Association of Manufacters kunapeza kuti malamulo a boma amatenga avereji ya makampani ang'onoang'ono $12,000 pachaka, poyerekeza ndi $9,000 pa makampani aakulu. Zimenezi zimatsekemera, kulembedwa ntchito, ndipo zingaphe kuyambitsa kwabwino zikhazikitso zisanafike pamlingo.

Kusintha Zinthu

Kuchotsa zivomerezo za boma . Pamene bizinesi iyenera kutulutsa zikwangwani za boma asanayambitse zopangidwa . Makampani a mankhwala kaŵirikaŵiri amatchula mtengo wokwera wa ziyeso zachipatala (kuposa $2 biliyoni pa mankhwala alionse) monga choletsa kuyambitsa machiritso a matenda osadziŵika. Pamene kuli kwakuti kutetezeka kuli kofunika, ena amatsutsa njira zina zimene zimalola zilolezo zapadera ndi kufufuza kwa paposi potsatira, monga FDA’s Breatroptop ku japt Therapy [

Mavuto a Anthu Ogulitsa Msika: Pamene Manja Osaoneka Alephera Kugwira Ntchito

Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kusiya misika yokha imabweretsa chidziŵitso chodziŵika bwino chimene mbiri yasonyeza mobwerezabwereza.

Kusalingana Makhalidwe ndi Kukopana

Makampani a kampani ya kampani apeza ndalama zambiri, maluso, ndi mwaŵi. Popanda kugaŵira maprogramu a mwaŵi wofanana, chuma chimakhala pamwamba. United States yaona kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa kusalingana kwa ndalama kuchokera m'ma 1970, ndi kukwera kwa 1% kwa ndalama zonse. Pamene misika yaulere imawonjezera kutulutsidwa kwa zonse, kugaŵiridwa kwa kutulutsako kungawopsezetse kwambiri kulinganiza kwa anthu ndi ngakhale kukhazikika kwa chuma. Mgwirizano wa Occpey Wall Street ndi kutsana ndi malamulo apamwamba kukwera kwa misonkhongo yapamwamba kukusonyeza kuderalitsa.

Kusayenda Bwino kwa Amalonda: Kungochita Zinthu Mopanda Chidwi, Kuona Anthu Ena Kukhala Odalirika, ndi Kuthandiza Anthu

Maboma achilengedwe (zachilengedwe, njanji) angadyere anthu masuku pamutu ngati salamulidwa ndi . Kuipa kwa kunja monga kuipitsa sikulipiritsidwa ndi misika, kuchititsa kupezedwa kwa zinthu zovulaza. Kupindulitsa kwa kunja (maphunziro, katemera) kumaperekedwa chifukwa chakuti anthu sagwira mapindu onse a anthu. Zinthu zaunyinji zonga ngati chitetezo cha dziko ndi mpweya woyera sizingawonongeke ndi zosagwirizana ndi zinthu [1] Machalic angazipereke m'mipata yotsika kwambiri. Kulephera kumeneku kumapereka buku la zothandizira kuloŵerera m'boma.

Kulephera Kusunga Ndalama Kwanthaŵi Ifupi ndi Kulephera Kwa Ndalama

Kupanikiza ndalama zoyendetsedwa ndi magalimoto kungachititse mabizinesi kuchepa kwambiri ku R&D, kukonza, ndi kuphunzitsidwa kwa antchito. Vuto la 2008 linasonyeza mmene ndalama zowonongeka, zosonkhezeredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokhala pangozi, zingayambukire chuma chonse. Popanda malamulo, mabanki ndi makampani a zosungira ndalama ali ndi zifukwa zopitira kumbuyo chifukwa chakuti kusuntha kwa kuyang'anira anthu ena kuli kogwirizana ndi anthu ena. Macroudenti, mofanana ndi zitsenderezo za malikulu opimira ku makampani, amayesa kuletsa chikhoterero chachibadwa chimenechi cha kupeza phindu la kanthaŵi kochepa.

Kunyalanyaza Anthu Ovutika

Makampani a inshuwalansi athanzi aufulu ndi okhoza kulipira zinthu. Zimenezo zimatanthauza zofunika zazikulu monga kusamalira thanzi, nyumba, ndi maphunziro zingalephereke kwa osauka. M'makampani a inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo aumwini, amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kapena masitafu amphamvu apadziko lonse chifukwa chakuti misika yokha siikutsimikizira kuti ingathe kupezeka nthaŵi zonse.

Kupeza Kulinganiza Koyenera: Malamulo a Mkhalidwe ndi Malingaliro Othandiza

Komabe, opanga malamulo angagwiritse ntchito njira zotsatirazi pokonza njira imene imapindula ndi misika pamene akuchepetsa mavuto awo.

Kusintha Mwanzeru: Mfundo Zozikidwa pa Mfundo za M’Baibulo, Osati Zoyambirira Kulembedwa

Mmalo molamulira luso lapadera kapena njira, malamulo ayenera kukhazikitsa zolinga za ntchito ndi kulola kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, makampani ogulitsa zinthu (kapena kuti ndi kansa) aloleni makampani apeze njira zotsika kwambiri zochepetsera kuipitsa, kukwaniritsa malo okhala pamtengo wotsika kuposa malamulo a lamulo. Bungwe la European Union’s Egissing Trading System lachepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsidwa ndi 35% kuyambira 2005 pamene likulola kutukuka kwa chuma. Mofananamo, FDA ya “njira yovuta kwambiri ya kuchepetsa kuipitsa malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndi ziwiro zamankhwala imalimbikitsa kukonza zinthu popanda kuchepetsa chitetezo.

Kufufuza ndi Kukonza Mapulaneti a Claus

Lamulo lililonse latsopano liyenera kupendedwa mosamalitsa, ndi kusankha zinthu zimene zingathandize kwambiri. Malamulo otsatizana amafunika kubwereramo modzifunira ndi kutsalira malamulo popanda kukonzedwanso bwino. Zimenezi zimaletsa kuikidwa kwa malamulo achikale kapena osagwira ntchito. Ofesi ya chidziŵitso ndi Regulatoriation Affairs (OIRA) imapenda malamulo a nthambi za akuluakulu a nthambi, koma otsutsa amatsutsa kuti alibe mano ndi ukulu wake [1] Kokha chigawo cha malamulo omwe amapendedwa motsatira.

Kupatsidwa Udindo Wolimbana ndi Zipangizo za Mayiko

Malamulo atsopano monga a Digital Markets Act ya United States ndi amene afuna kuti mapulatifomu a mlonda a pageti asadziloŵetse m'kudzisunga ndi kusunga makompyuta. Chinsinsi chake ndicho kuloŵerera mwamsanga kuti asunge kupikisana, osati kungotenga ulamuliro.

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu Onse pa Zonulirapo Zocholoŵana

Mavuto ambiri a zachikhalidwe . "kusintha kwa makampani, kusintha kwa madongosolo a zinthu, mliri wokonzeka ndi zonse ziŵiri zisonkhezero za malonda ndi kugwirizana kwa boma. Mayanjano a anthu akakhala paokha angagwirizane ndi ngozi, likulu la makampani a boma pa ntchito za boma, ndi kugwirizanitsa kusintha ndi zofunika za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, boma la United States limathandiza pa kuchirikiza kufufuza koyambirira (kudzera ku NIH, NSF, DARPA) makompyuta amene pambuyo pake apanga makampani ogulitsa zinthu, kuyambira pa intaneti mpaka pa ma GPS.

Kulinganiza Kotsatira Lamulo- ndi Control

Mmalo moletsa makhalidwe mwachindunji, oyendetsa zinthu angagwiritsire ntchito misonkho, ndalama zothandizira, ndi zilolezo zopitira ku zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, msonkho wa carbon umapangitsa kuzungulira kwa dziko popanda kulamula kuti ndizo luso liti la zopangapanga. Msonkho wa gasi ku Ulaya, ngakhale kuti si wandale, wasintha chipambano cha ogula ku magalimoto oyendetsa mafuta ndi kuyendetsa galimoto za anthu. Mfungulo yake ndiyo kupanga zinthu zooneka bwino, zotsimikizirika, ndi kupeŵa kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mphamvu za Ogula ndi Kulephera Kudziŵa Zinthu

Pamene ogula ali ndi chidziŵitso chodalirika, malonda odzilungamitsa ku mlingo wakutiwakuti. Kulemba dzina (zowona zamwambo, kupima magetsi, kuyendetsa mafuta a galimoto) kumathandiza ogula kupanga zosankha ndi kubwezera opanga athanzi athanzi lathanzi. Kukwera kwa mapendedwe a pa Intaneti ndi zikalata zachitatu kumadzazanso mipata imene malamulo a chikhalidwe sangaipeze. Komabe, chidziŵitso chokha sichikwanira pamene wogula alibe mphamvu kapena luso la kusintha malo osungira zinthu (m), m’maubwino, m'zachipatala kapena m'banki).

Kumaliza: Chonulirapo Chiri Chobwezeredwa M’malo, Chosaphatikizapo Ndalama

Mkangano wa pakati pa malamulo ndi misika yopanda maluso sudzathetsedwa kamodzi ndi kamodzi; ndi kukambitsirana kwamoyo kumene kumasintha ndi luso la zopangapanga, ndi chidziŵitso. Madongosolo abwino kwambiri ndi aja amene amasintha, kuphunzira kuchokera ku zipambano ndi zolephera, ndi kukhalabe otseguka kuwongolera. Mbiri imasonyeza kuti malamulo ambiri amaletsa kukonza zinthu ndi kukula, pamene kuli kwakuti kulibe ambiri amene amaitana mavuto ndi kudyerera. Malo okongola akukhala m’maluso, malamulo amakhalidwe abwino ozikidwa pa kuwongolera kulephera msika, kusunga mpikisano, ndi kutsimikizira kuti ufulu, dynam, ndi mavuto opitira pa mavuto achilengedwe, omwe amapanga malonda amphamvu kwambiri. [FL:] Makampani, ndi anthu wamba omwe ayenera kufunsa mokhazikika kuti: Kuthetsa vuto lenileni, kukhoza kukwaniritsa chiwonjezero, ndi kufunsa mafunso ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa maiko omwe?