Maziko a Utsogoleri wa Mavuto

Nthambi ya Audentiaude inalandira ulamuliro wake woyang'anira mavuto ku Mfundo II ya Malamulo a U.S. Imene imaika ulamuliro wa pulezidenti ndi kuipatsa mlandu kuti isamalire kuti malamulo aperekedwa mokhulupirika. Mawu ooneka ngati osavuta atembenuzidwa kwa zaka mazana aŵiri kuti apereke mphamvu zamwadzidzidzi zofunika kutetezera dziko ndi kuteteza anthu onse. Mosiyana ndi Malo Ovomerezeka , amene ayenera kugamula mwadala ndi kuvota, kapena nthambi ya Reager Branch, imene iyenera kumasulira mlandu ndi mlandu, nthambi ya Administrate ingachite zinthu mofulumira ndi kugamula pochitika tsoka.

Okonza mafomu amwadzidzidzi anazindikira kuti afuna ulamuliro waukulu. Alexander Hamilton anatsutsa mu Federal List No. 70 kuti "kutsutsa mu Ulamuliro" kuli mkhalidwe wotchuka wa boma labwino, makamaka mkati mwa mavuto kumene kuchedwa kungatayitse miyoyo. Malamulo alamulo ameneŵa alola mapresidenti a George Washington kufikira tsiku lamakono kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira pa miliri, masoka achilengedwe, kugwa kwa chuma, ndi ziwopsezo. Unduna wa nthambi wa kusonkhanitsa chuma kudutsa m'mabungwe, kulamulira magulu ankhondo, ndi kulankhulana mwachindunji ndi anthu a ku America kumachititsa zimenezi kukhala njini yaikulu ya kuyankha kwa tsoka la dziko lonse.

Pulezidenti Monga Wolamulira Wamkulu

Pulezidentiyu akuima pa nthambi ya Unduna wa Ofesi, akuyang'anira gulu lalikulu la boma limene limaphatikizapo madipatimenti 15 a kabungwe, mabungwe mazana ambiri, ndi antchito a boma pafupifupi 2.1 miliyoni. Panthaŵi ya tsoka, dongosolo la apolisi limeneli limathandiza kupanga zosankha mofulumira ndi kugaŵira katundu. Pulezidenti angatsogolere Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Mautumiki a Anthu kutulutsa mankhwala kuchokera ku bungwe la Stockpiance lolinganizidwa ku boma lopanga mainjiniya a asilikali kuti apeze chithandizo, kapena kulangiza bungwe la Department Provial Agement kuchotsa malamulo ena oyeretsa. Lamulo limeneli ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zaumoyo ndi kuyendetsa zinthu za boma lina nlo nlosafunika kwambiri ndi nthambi ina iliyonse.

Kupatukana kwa Maulamuliro Panthaŵi ya Mavuto

Pamene kuli kwakuti bungwe loyang'anira limachititsa vuto la Nthambi, Malamulo amaonetsetsa ndi kulinganiza ngakhale pamavuto. Nyumba ya malamulo imayang'anira malamulo ndipo ingathe kufufuza zochita za akuluakulu, pamene makhoti akupenda kuyenera kwa malamulo a ngozi. Constitution samapereka mphamvu zangozi zosatha, ndipo Khoti Lapamwamba nthaŵi zonse lakhala likugamula kuti ngakhale m’nthaŵi za mavuto, zochita zapamwamba ziyenera kugwirizana ndi malamulo otetezera. Kulimbana pakati pa kuyendetsa bwino zinthu ndi kusunga ufulu wa anthu ndi mutu wa kuyendetsa bwino ku America, ndipo Breat Office iyenera kuyendetsa bwino mlingo umenewu.

Udindo wa Pulezidenti Woyang’anira Mavuto

Pamene vuto libuka, Prezidenti amakhala ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana panthaŵi imodzi. Mathayo ameneŵa amafunikira kugwirizana pakati pa maboma, kugawana kwa anthu paokha, ndi kugwirizana kwa mayiko onse mogwirizana ndi mtundu wa ngozi. Kumvetsa udindo uliwonse kumathandiza nzika kupenda ntchito ya pulezidenti panthaŵi ya zochitika zapamwamba.

Kuyesa ndi Kusonkhanitsa Nzeru za Mkhalidwe

Pulezidenti asanapange zosankha zodziŵitsidwa, iye ayenera kumvetsetsa ukulu, kuwopsa, ndi kupenda vutolo. Zimenezi zimafuna kuti pakhale nzeru zenizeni ndi kupenda kwa akatswiri kuchokera ku boma lonse. Pulezidenti amalandira malongosoledwe a tsiku ndi tsiku kuchokera kwa Mtsogoleri wa National Intelligence, malipoti a zochitika kuchokera ku FEMA pa masoka achilengedwe, ndi chidziŵitso cha za matenda kuchokera ku CDC panthaŵi ya ngozi. White House Amonment Homre imagwira ntchito monga maziko oyendera kuyang'anira zochitika ndi mayankhidwe ogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, pa 2014 kubuka kwa Ebola, Pulezidenti anagwirizana ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo tsiku ndi tsiku kuti aŵerengetse nkhani, kuyang'anira zachipatala, ndi kuyendetsa njira zaumoyo.

Kusankha Zochita Pansi pa Chitsenderezo

Kupanga tsoka kumaphatikizapo ziwongolero zazikulu, chidziŵitso chosakwanira, ndi zopinga za nthaŵi. Pulezidenti ayenera kupenda zofunika zopikisana, kulingalira za masinthidwe alamulo ndi andale, ndi kusankha njira zimene zingakhale ndi zotulukapo zosasinthika. Mapresidenti amadalira pa njira yalamulo yopanga zigamulo zimene zimaphatikizapo misonkhano ya National Security Council, magawo aakulu a Komiti, ndi makambitsirano ndi alembi a kabujale. Kupanga zosankha za mavuto kumafuna kusintha maganizo, kukhoza kulinganiza malingaliro osiyanasiyana, ndi kufunitsitsa kusintha maluso atsopano pamene chidziŵitso chatsopano chikutuluka. Ofesiti yothandiza ya Pulezidenti ya Purezidenti

Kulankhulana kwa Onse ndi Mapempho a Dziko

Pulezidenti amatumikira monga wolankhula wamkulu wa dzikolo panthaŵi ya mavuto, ndi luso lapadera la kufikira anthu onse a ku America panthaŵi imodzi kudzera m'makeyala a patelefoni, kusindikiza, ndi manyukishoni a makampani. Kulankhulana bwino ndi kosasintha kumatumikira zifuno zambiri. Kudziŵitsa nzika za mkhalidwe wa chiwopsezo ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito zotetezera. Kumagwirizanitsa anthu pa anthu onse, kulimbikitsa kugonjera ku malamulo oletsa kuthaŵa, majekeseni, kapena kutsata a anthu. Kulephera kwa maulamuliro kungaipitse mavuto mwa kuyambitsa chisokosokonezo ndi kufooketsa chidaliro chapo. Kuyankha kwa mphepo ya Katrina mu 2005 kuonetsa mmene kuchedwa ndi kulephera kwa White House Retaice adal Detauth.

Kugwirizana kwa Boma

Pulezidentiyo ayenera kulinganiza chiyambukiro cha tsoka ku maboma a boma, a boma, a mafuko, ndi a kumalo. Stafford Act ikhazikitsa maziko a chithandizo cha boma, koma kukwaniritsa kumafuna kugwirizana kwapafupi ndi abwanamkubwa a boma amene amasunga thayo lalikulu la kutetezera anthu m'manja mwawo. Pulezidenti angalengeze tsoka lalikulu kapena ngozi, imene imatsegula chuma cha boma ndi ndalama, koma olamulira ayenera kupempha chilengezo chimenechi. Mkati mwa mliri wa Covid-19, boma linagawira zida zotetezera ndi katemera kupyolera ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo a boma, zikufunikira kugwirizanitsa kopitirizabe pakati pa Washington ndi likulu la boma. Nthambi yoyang'anira ntchito ndi mayiko a m'mabanja a madera osiyanasiyana amene akudutsa malire, monga miliri kapena miliri ya padziko lonse.

Mphamvu Zamwadzidzidzi ndi Malire Ake

Pulezidenti ali ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana amene Nyumba ya Malamulo yapereka kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Maulamuliro ameneŵa amafulumizitsa kupanga zosankha, kunyalanyaza njira zachibadwa, ndi kupereka njira zopezera zinthu zina. Komabe, amadzutsanso mafunso ofunika ponena za kuŵerengera kwa demokalase ndi kuchuluka kwa ulamuliro.

Kutengapo Njira ya Maboma

Kupita mu 1976, National Emerpitation Act imapereka njira yalamulo kwa mapresidenti kulengeza zangozi za dziko. Pambuyo pake, Pulezidenti angayambitse maulamuliro a boma amene amakhala osagwira ntchito m’nthaŵi zanthaŵi zonse, kuphatikizapo mphamvu yokhazikitsa ziletso zachuma, kutumizanso ndalama za boma, ndi kusonkhanitsa zida zankhondo. Ntchitoyi imafuna Pulezidenti kutchula maulamuliro amene adzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kudziŵitsa Nyumba ya Malamulo. Mapangano ayenera kukonzedwanso chaka chilichonse kapena kutha. Chiyambire 1976, mapresidenti alengeza zamwambo 60, zimene zikukhalabe. [FL:0] Congational Research Service Service

Lamulo la Stafford ndi Chithandizo cha Tsoka

Robert T. Stafford Disaster Displation and Emergency Affect Act imalamulira chivomerezo cha chigawo cha tsoka ndi kuchira. Ilo limavomereza Pulezidenti kutsogolera FEMA kupereka chithandizo ku boma ndi maboma akumaloko ogonjetsedwa ndi masoka achilengedwe, kuphatikizapo mphepo zamkuntho, zivomezi, ndi moto wa mlengalenga. Stafford Act ikhazikitsa dongosolo la mayankho kumene chuma cha kumalo ndi boma za boma za kumaloko zapamalowo zaikidwa choyamba, ndi kuwonjezerako pamene mphamvu yake ya boma yapitirira. Pulezidenti angalutse FMA kupereka thandizo la boma, kuphatikizapo nyumba zomangira, nyumba zokonzera nyumba zamakono, ndi zothandizira pazokhazokhazokha zawonongeka. Chikalata cha Stafford Act chagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zikalata zambiri za tsoka kuyambira pamene chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1988.

Malamulo Olamulira m’Makonzedwe

Malamulo a akuluakulu a boma amapereka chipangizo kwa Prezidenti kuti atsogolere ntchito za nthambi popanda kupempha chilolezo cha bungwe loyang'anira. Pa nthawi ya mavuto, mapresidenti amagwiritsira ntchito malamulo a akuluakulu kulinganizanso mabungwe, kukhazikitsa magulu a ntchito, kukhazikitsa malamulo oyendetsera ntchito, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ofunika. Lamulo la Uyang'anira 1312 limachotsa mphamvu zamagetsi m'maprojekiti a ntchito mu 2001. Oyang'AUniversity Order 13950 yophunzitsa kusiyanasiyana kwa antchito a boma panthaŵi ya chipwirikiti mu 2020. Malamulo akuluakulu a boma ayenera kutchula mfundo za malamulo a malamulo kapena ulamuliro wa boma, ndipo iwo apitirizabe kuyang'anira milandu yoposa ulamuliro wa pulezidenti kapena kutsutsana ndi lamulo lomwe lilipo, lingaigwere.

Kupenda Malamulo ndi Kulinganiza

Maulamuliro angozi a Pulezidenti si opanda malire. Nyumba ya Malamulo ingachotse chilengezo chamwadzidzidzi cha dziko lonse kupyolera mwa chigamulo chogwirizana, ndipo makhoti angalamulire machitidwe apamwamba amene amaswa ufulu walamulo. Khoti Lapamwamba lakana kunenedwa kuti ndi lolamulira waunduna wachibadwa kuti aimitse habeas mu nthaŵi ya ngozi, monga mu Hamdi v. Rumsfeld [[FL:1] [2004] [2004], ndipo lachepetsa mphamvu ya Pulezidenti ya kulanda katundu waumwini popanda dongosolo loyenera. Boma angatsutse malangizo a boma amene amapitirira malire alamulo, ndipo akalamulira boma ku magulu a National Guard pokhapokha ngati alamulidwa. Mayesowa akutsimikizira kuti kuyendetsa zinthu zaudindo sikusintha kukhazikika pakati pa matabi kapena pakati pa maboma a boma.

Ntchito ya Kazembe m’Nthaŵi Yatsoka

Kabinati ya Pulezidenti ndi ya atsogoleri a madipatimenti 15 akuluakulu, amene aliyense amabweretsa ukatswiri wapadera kwa oyang'anira mavuto. Olemba a Kbit amaikidwa ndi Pulezidenti ndi kutsimikiziridwa ndi Bungwe la Malamulo, kuwachititsa kukhala ndi mlandu wa ndale pamene ali oyenerera mwaukatswiri kutsogolera madipatimenti awo panthaŵi ya ngozi.

Department of the Desiterial of Mouth Department

Department of Homeland Security, yomwe inachitika mu 2002 chifukwa cha kuukira kwa 9 / 11, imatumikira monga wogwirizanitsa wamkulu wa boma pa nkhani zapanyumba. Mlembi wa Homeland Security amayang'anira FEMA, kampani ya Transportation Security Administration, U.S. Customs and Bourtection Provice , ndi bungwe la U.S. M'poyera wa ku gombe. Mlembiyo amayang'a ntchito ku Homeland Security Council ndipo amagwirizanitsa ntchito ya boma kudzera ku National Response Frameworksion . DHS akutsogolera zoyesayesa kuteteza malire panthaŵi ya ngozi zaumoyo, makompyuta a za matenda opatsirana, ndi kuteteza malo ovutana ku United States.

Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Ntchito za Anthu

Mlembi wa zaumoyo ndi ma Services a anthu amasamalira zinthu zamwadzidzidzi kudzera m'CDC, Food and Drug Administration, ndi National Institutes of Health . HHS amatsogolera boma kuukira matenda oyambika, zochitika zauchigaŵenga, ndi mankhwala oopsa. Dipatimentiyi imasunga Stockpile ya mankhwala a National Sctical Stockpile ya zamankhwala, ikuchititsa ntchito ya Hospital Limbleness Program, ndi kuyang'anira kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala olimbana ndi matenda. Mlirimu ya HOVS yogwirizanitsa ntchito ya Opangika ya Usilika, imene ikupititsa patsogolo ndi kufalitsa dziko lonselo.

Department of Defection

Mlembi wa Defense amapereka chichirikizo chankhondo kwa akuluakulu a boma mkati mwa mavuto kudzera mu Department of Department . Chikalata cha Posse Comitatus Chimaletsa asilikali kuchita ntchito za lamulo mkati mwa United States, koma asilikali angapereke chichirikizo cha umisiri, ukatswiri wa zamankhwala, ndi chuma cha zoyendera. Gulu la asilikali la United States limapanga zipatala za kanthaŵi ndi kukonzanso nyumba zowonongeka. Gulu la asilikali a m'zipatala kuti awonjezere ntchito zausilikali. Mgwirizano wa ndege za asilikali ndi antchito oyendetsa zinthu za m'madera okhudzidwa. Nthaŵi zonse usilika umayang'anira ndi kuthandizira boma ndi kubweretsa ntchito za boma ndi ntchito za kumaloko.

Kugwirizana kwa Njira Zogwirizanitsira

Chivomerezo cha tsoka chimafunikira kugwirizana kopanda malire pa madipatimenti a kabungwe. Msonkhano wa National Security Council ndi Homend Security Council Kugwirizana kuti agwirizane ndi njira ndi kuthetsa mikangano. Magulu a Mgwirizano Wantchito amasonkhanitsa antchito kuchokera ku madipatimenti osiyanasiyana kuti akambirane zinthu zowaopseza, monga Joint Task Force for Covid-19. Oyang'anira a bungwe la White House akhazikitsa njira zoyendetsera ntchito m'madipatimenti ya zamalonda, Dipatimenti ya Energyption, ndi madipatimenti ena amathandiza kuti athandize pa ntchito yonseyi. Stafford Act ifuna kuti athandize bungwe la United States kugwirizanitsa ntchito ya boma, boma, ndi anthu a m'dzikolo.

Akuluakulu a Ntchito Yofuna Kulamulira

Mabungwe amenewa ali ndi luso la zopangapanga, luso logwira ntchito, ndiponso mabungwe ena oyendetsa zinthu amene amathandiza kuti anthu azichita zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya ngozi.

Agency ya Kuyang’anira Kwadzidzidzi

FEMA ndi bungwe lotsogolera dziko la kukonzekera tsoka, kuyankha, kukonza, ndi kutumiza. Inapangidwa mu 1979 ndi kukwezedwa ku malo apamwamba mu DHS pambuyo pa 9 / 11, FEMA imagwirizanitsa chithandizo cha boma kudzera m'maofesi a chigawo cha chigawocho kudutsa dzikolo. FEMA imasunga bungwe la National Response Frameworkwork, limene limalongosola ntchito ndi mathayo a onse a boma ovomereza tsoka. Bungwelo limapanga likulu la malamulo a bungwe la bungwe la oyendetsa ntchito zamwayi, limatumiza makampani a Incifident Managed Avity ku mabungwe a zangozi, ndipo limatumiza maprogramumboni othandiza anthu ndi zigawo zatsoka.

Malo Otetezera Matenda

CDC, bungwe la HHS, limatumikira monga bungwe la zaumoyo la dzikolo lokhala ndi thayo lalikulu lakufufuza, kufufuza, ndi kufalitsa matenda. CDC iyendetsa Emergency Observations Center , imene imayang'anira ziwopsezo zaumoyo padziko lonse ndi kugwirizanitsa zigamulo za kubuka kwa m'banja. Asayansi amafufuza njira zopimira, amapanga mayeso, amafalitsa malangizo a chithandizo cha mankhwala, ndi maofesala a Epidemic Epidemic Intelligence Service ku . CDC imayang'aniranso bungwe la Sttectic National Stockpies Stockpilel mu kugwirizana ndi Dipatimenti ya Veterans Affaits , kutsimikizira kuti mankhwala akupezeka mwamsanga m'nthaŵi ya za zaumoyo.

Dziko Lokhala m’Nyanja ya Mchenga ndi Maulamuliro a Chilengedwe

NOA, mu Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda, imapereka chidziŵitso chofunika ndi cha nyengo chimene chimalimbikitsa kuyang'anira mavuto. Nkhani za chigawo cha madera a dziko lapansi zikuneneratu, mawotchi, ndi machenjezo kwa mphepo zamkuntho, mafunde, mikuntho, ndi ngozi zina za nyengo. NOA satellite imayang'anira malo a malo panthaŵi yeniyeni, ikumapereka chidziŵitso chimene chimathandiza oyang'anira za ngozi kuwopseza ndi kugaŵira zinthu. Mkuntho wa bungwelo kuwraza ndi kuneneratu kwa mphamvu za opanga zigamulo kutsogolera kuthaŵa ndi kukonzekera. M'kachitika kwa , NOAA imapereka kunenera kwabwino kwa mphepo ndi kufalitsa utsiruza zimene zimadziŵitsa anthu zaumoyo.

Mavuto Ena Odetsa Nkhaŵa

Bungwe loteteza zachilengedwe la Environmental Protection Agency likuchitapo kanthu pa kutayika kwa zinthu ndi zochitika zowononga zinthu kudzera ku On Scene Centre Confinitor . Dipatimenti ya Magetsi imayang'anira nkhalango ya Stratec Petroleum ndi kugwirizanitsa mphamvu zamagetsi pokonza zinthu zowonongeka zamagetsi. Dipatimenti ya zaulimi imapereka chithandizo cha chakudya chokhudza anthu ndi kuthandiza alimi ndi ogulitsa zinthu zapatalikitsa pambuyo pa masoka achilengedwe. Sma Business Administration imapatsa ngongole zochepera ku mabizinesi, eni nyumba, ndi obwereka. Dipatimenti ya Home of Home and Urban Development imapereka chithandizo chanthaŵi yaitali ndi kuchirikiza kukonzanso kwapadera kwa kachitidwe kabwino kwa chigawo kaungwe ka kampani ka . Bungwe lililonse limathandiza kuthandizira kukonzanso zapadera kwa kavumba zaumoyo kwa boma.

Kufufuza za Matenda m’Kuyang’anira Mavuto

Kupenda mavuto a m'mbiri kumavumbula ponse paŵiri nyonga ndi zofooka za maluso a kuyang'anira mavuto a Nthambi ya Oyang'anira. Kupenda kumeneku kumapereka maphunziro othandiza kuwongolera mayankho amtsogolo.

Mphepo ya Katrina

Mphepo ya Katrina inagwetsa mphepo pa August 29, 2005, ikuwononga kwambiri ku Gulf Coast kuchokera ku Louisiana mpaka ku Alabama. Mkunthowu unawononga malo a m'dera la New Orleans, kusefukira kwa 80 peresenti ya mzindawo ndi kuchotsapo anthu zikwi mazana ambiri. Chivomerezo cha nthambi ya Audentiod chinavumbula kulephera kwapadera kwa mgwirizano. FEMA inalephera kuzindikira zinthu zokwanira ndi antchito. Kusokonezeka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa boma, boma, ndi akuluakulu a boma a boma, ndi kuchedwa kufunafuna ndi kupulumutsa. Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security inalimbana ndi kuyesayesa kugwirizanitsa asilikali ndi ntchito zausilikali. [[FLT: 0] FM] FATMA inalephera kuyankha kodziŵika m'kulinganiza, zolemba la zolemba, ndi kukonza makompyuta, ndi kukonza pulogalamu yofunikira kusintha.

Kusintha zinthu kutatha Katrina kunaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa mphamvu ya FEMA ndi chuma chake, kuwongolera njira zoyendera tsoka kudzera m'zinthu zimene anakhazikitsa, ndiponso kukhazikitsa malamulo ogwirizana a zinthu zofunika m’tsogolo. Pambuyo pa msonkhano wa Madeko a Katrina, panakambirana zambiri mwa nkhani zimenezi, koma mikuntho yotsatirayi, kuphatikizapo mphepo zamkuntho, Maria, ndi Ian, inasonyeza kuti mavuto okhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa zinthu zofunika akupitirizabe.

Kamchira ka Chovid - 19

Mliri wa Covid COVID unayesa mphamvu za bungwe la akulu a zamavuto a nthambi pamlingo wosayerekezereka. Mliriwu unafuna kuchitapo kanthu panthaŵi imodzi pa ngozi ya zaumoyo wa anthu onse ndi tsoka la zachuma, pamene unali kufunanso mgwirizano wa mayiko. Boma la Boma linakhazikitsa Warp Speed kuti liyambitse katemera woyambitsa katemera, zotsatirapo kuchuluka kwa akatemera amene analoledwa pachaka chimodzi cha kachiromboko. CDC inapereka malangizo a zaumoyo wa anthu onse obisa, kuyesa, ndi kutsalira, ngakhale kuti kulephera kwa kalembedwe kapangidwe ka zinthu nthaŵi zina kunabutsa chisokosokonetsa. Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Makampani a anthu inagawira ndalama zothandizira ndalama zambiri, ndipo Dipatimenti ya Kayenderenti inathandiza anthu ndi mabizinesi.

Mliriwu unavumbula mipata ya zaumoyo wa anthu, kuphatikizapo njira zakale zodziŵira zinthu, kusowa kwa zosungira, ndi kupereŵera kwa ntchito ku madipatimenti a zaumoyo a boma ndi akwawo. Nthambi ya Oyang'anira ntchito inasiyanasiyana m'mabungwe a boma ndipo inatchula mavuto a kugwirizanitsa ntchito za boma m'malo osiyanasiyana a ndale. Maphunziro ochokera ku COVID-19 athandiza kwambiri kuyambitsa miliri ya miliri, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zofufuza ndi kusintha kwa bungwe la National Stockpile.

Kuukira kwa Zigaŵenga 9 / 11

Kuukira kwa zigaŵenga kwa pa September 11, 2001, kunasintha kwambiri njira ya Adminiftic Branch yoyang'anira mavuto. Patangotha maola angapo kuchokera pamene anaukira, Pulezidenti analola asilikali, anakhazikitsa ndege zonse zamalonda, ndipo anagwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma osungitsa malamulo kuletsa kuukira kowonjezereka. Kuukiraku kunatsogolera ku kupangidwa kwa Department of Homeland Security, boma lalikulu kwambiri kuyambira pamene Dipatimenti ya zachiteteshoni ya Department ya za Zambia inakhazikitsa. USA PATRIOTTT Act inakulitsa ukatswiri ndi maulamuliro a za uchinduna wa boma kuti asungenso nzeru ku kampani zasayansi. Chivomereza mphamvu ya Pulezidentiyo kuti achitepo kanthu mosabisa m’chitetezo, komanso kuwonjezera mafunso okhudza kulinganiza chitetezo pakati pa ufulu wa anthu.

Maphunziro Amene Anaphunziridwa ndi Malangizo Amtsogolo

Maluso a Ofesi Yanthambi ya Breat asintha kwambiri zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, chifukwa cha zokumana nazo ndi kupenda zolephera zakale. Kuwongolera kopitirizabe kumafuna kukonzanso, kukonza bwino zinthu kuti boma ligwirizane, ndi kulinganiza bwino mphamvu zangozi.

Kusintha kudakali kovuta kwambiri. Madongosolo a kuyankha kwa boma, boma, ndi malo akuno ayenera kugwira ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale kuti zinthu zofunika, zofunika, ndi kulinganiza kwa ndale. Maprogramu ophunzitsa ndi kuyesa kugwirizanitsa zinthu zisanabuke. Ofesi Yoyang'anira Operekera nthambi iyenera kupitiriza kuloŵetsa ndalama mu National Exeeply Program ndi signance ya boma ikhoza kupatsa mphamvu zosamalira kukonzekera. Teolojekiti imapatsa mipata yowongolera chidziŵitso cha zinthu kupyolera m'zolowerana ndi zinthu, kutsimikizira kuti zikugwirizana ndi mapulatifomu a pulogalamu a pulogalamu a . Bungwe la Federalemeternal Eme Management Agency likhoza kulimbikitsa kugaŵana ndi kugwirizanitsa malamulo ake ndi kuyendetsa miyezo ya boma ndi kuyendera popanda zopinga za boma ndi za anthu a m'malo.

Maulamuliro a zangozi amafunikira kupendedwa kosalekeza. Nyumba za Malamulo ziyenera kupenda lamulo la National Emerdiation Act kutsimikizira kuti zilengezo ziri ndi njira zotsimikizirika zothetsera ndi kuti maulamuliro ogawiridwawo adakali oyenerera ziwopsezo zamakono. Oyang'anira nthambi ayenera kukhazikitsa njira zooneka bwino zoperekera mphamvu zangozi ndi kupereka malipoti okhazikika ku Nyumba za malamulo. Makhoti adzapitirizabe kulongosola malamulo a ulamuliro wa kazembe panthaŵi ya ngozi, ndipo zosankha zawo ziyenera kutsogolera ntchito ya prezidenti. Kusunga thayo la democracy mkati mwa mavuto kumafuna kuti njira zangozi zikhale za kanthaŵi kochepa, zoyendera, ndi zoyang'anira.

Kusintha kwa nyengo kumayambitsa njira zatsopano zothetsera mavuto. Kukwera kwa madzi, mphepo yamkuntho, nyengo zamoto zotalikirapo, ndi kutentha kowonjezereka kumafuna kuti nthambi ya Universe ipange maprogramu a boma ndi zinthu zapadera. Kusintha kwa nyengo kwa FEMA kumathandiza kuyembekezera ngozi zamtsogolo. Ofesi Yoyang'anira madera ayenera kugwirizanitsa nyengo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti maprogramu a chigawo athandiza kumanganso anthu ovutika kwambiri pambuyo pa zochitika zoopsa.

Kumaliza

Gawo la Gawo loyang'anira nthambi lili ndi mbali yaikulu m'dongosolo la mavuto a dzikolo, kuphatikiza ulamuliro wa malamulo ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito kutetezera miyoyo, katundu, ndi chisungiko cha dziko. Kuchokera ku kupanga kwa Pulezidenti ndi kulankhulana kwapadera kwa madipatimenti a kabutho ndi mabungwe akuluakulu, boma limasunga mphamvu zambiri za kuyankha ku mavuto a mtundu uliwonse. Kufufuza kwa mphepo ya Katrina, ndi mliri wa CHOID, ndi kuukira kwa 9/11 kumasonyeza kuthekera kwa utsogoleri wa boma ndi zotsatira za kulephera kwa mgwirizano. Pamene ziwopsezo ndi mavuto atsopano akubuka, nthambi ya nthambi iyenera kupitirizabe kukonza maluso ake, maulamuliro, ndi zochita kutsimikizira kuti dziko likhale lokonzekeretuliratu mavuto alionse amene ali patsogolo. Kuyang'anira koopsa sikudalirana kwa dziko lonse ndi mayiko a boma la boma lakwani, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito kwa anthu a kuyendetsa ntchito m'dziko lonse kuti akonzekere kuyendetsa ntchito yawo.