Magwero a Magulu Osamalira ku United States

Nkhani ya bungwe lothandiza anthu la ku America inayamba kalekale dzikolo lisanakhazikike. M'nyengo ya atsamunda, thandizo linali lofunika pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, lozikidwa pa malamulo achipembedzo a Puritan, Quakers, ndi anthu ena achikhulupiriro. Anthu oyambirira anadalira pa madongosolo amwayi kuti asamalire akazi amasiye, ana amasiye, ndi odwala. Mabungwe oyamba othandizira anthu osoŵa anali kulumikizidwa ku matchalitchi, amene ankasonkhanitsa chakudya ndi kugaŵira chakudya, zovala, ndi mafuta kwa osauka. Mwachitsanzo, Scots Charity Society inakhazikitsidwa mu 1657 kuthandiza anthu a ku Scotland, pamene Socity ya chithandizo cha Amphaŵi ndi Ana aang'ono [FOLT:1] anayamba ntchito yawo mu New York City mu 1797. Mabungwe amenewa anayala gulu lapadera lachigawa lachi lachige.

Kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 19 kunali ndi kuwonjezereka kwa ntchito yogaŵira anthu olinganiza pamene dziko lachichepere linalimbana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa anthu ndi kumanga mizinda. [FLT:] American Bible Society , adakhazikitsidwa mu 1816, anali limodzi la magulu oyamba aufulu. Ntchito yake yogaŵira Mabaibulo m’dziko lonselo inasonyeza kusintha kwa makhalidwe kwamphamvu kwa Pulotesitanti. Mofananamo, kuwonjezeka kwa Amelika a Sande Union [A.] (pambuyo pake adatchanso Amishonale a ku America Oumbikistry) kuyesa kuphunzitsa ndi kulengeza za ku malire. Mabungwe ameneŵa anali ochirikiza mamembala ochirikiza, ochilikizidwa ndi ndalama zolandira ndalama zaufulu, kaŵirikaŵiri njira zoyendetsera ntchito zawo zaufulu. Kukula kwawo kunasintha kwa Sande Union Union Union Union Union Union Union Union [FLD [F.FT.3] [akddd Hovericed, mabungwe okonzedwa ndi opanga mapangano a ndende, okonzedwa ndi opanga, zina, zina zopanga, zopanga bwino kwambiri, zina zopanga, kuti auziye.

Lyman Beecher ndi Ufumu Wotchuka

Atsogoleri achipembedzo onga Lyman Beecher anachirikiza zimene olemba mbiri amatcha “Ufumu wa Benevolent,” mpambo wa magulu a kusintha kwa Aprotestanti. Iwo anakhazikitsa ndalama za ntchito, matrakiti, ndi maphunziro, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi dongosolo lokhala ndi maulamuliro apamwamba. Ngakhale kuti zoyesayesa zimenezi nthaŵi zina zinali zotchuka, iwo anayambitsa zitsanzo zofunika kwambiri za ndalama zothandizira ndalama zazikulu, zolamulira, ndi mgwirizano wa dziko. Magulu ambiri ameneŵa potsirizira pake analoŵa kapena kusonkhezera maufulu amene timadziŵa lerolino, monga [[FLT:] MYCA[FL:1] (opezeka mu London mu 18441, kufika ku U.S.S.1, zimene zipembedzo zinagwirizana ndi maphunziro akuthupi ndi a anthu.

Zaka za zana la 19: Kupita Patsogolo kwa Maindasitale ndi Kuwonjezeka kwa Maphunziro

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni, America analoŵa m'nyengo ya kuchuluka kwa maindasitale. Chuma chochuluka chinapezedwa ndi amalonda onga Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, ndi Cornelius Vanderbilt . Chuma chatsopanochi, pamodzi ndi mavuto a mizinda, kugwiritsa ntchito ana, ndi thanzi losakwanira, chinafuna kuyankha mwadongosolo kwambiri. Lingaliro la “Sayansi ya machiritso a anthu, linabuka, lotchuka kwambiri ndi Andrew Carnegie m'malemba ake [Mabuku a chuma]. Katswiri anatsutsa kuti anthu olemerawo anali kukhulupirira chuma chawo ndipo ayenera kuchigwiritsa ntchito kuti athandize anthu pa moyo wawo. Iye anathandiza kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito mayunivesite 2,500, mayunivesite, ndi masulogie.

Carnegie anapereka chitsanzo chosonkhezera ena. Mu 1911, iye anakhazikitsa Carnegie Corporation ya New York [1], imodzi ya maziko oyamba a phithropic. Maziko a maziko a maziko a mafashoni . Maziko a maziko , antchito aluso, ndi bungwe lopereka chithandizo / adakhala mtsogoleri wa zodalira zamakono. John D. Rockefeller anatsatira sute ndi [ Rockefeller Foundation Foundation mu 1913]. Rocke Fasteer’s pier, kufufuza kwa anthu onse, kufufuza zamankhwala, ndi maphunziro ake. Mazingwe ake anathandiza kugonjetsa chitukuko cha South America, chitukuko cha chinyonkho cha chikasudzulo cha Chikasudzo, ndi kuchirikiza chiwonthiri cha Chitumbuki cha Chigo, china. Amboni cha Chiyambi chinabwera ndi ntchito chachikulu chachi. “Rackeero adabwera ndi ntchito yatsopano.

Nyumba Zokhalamo ndi Chithandizo cha Mazira

Pamene kuli kwakuti akatswiri a maindasitale anamanga maziko ofanana, kunachitika kuchokera ku dziko lapansi: kampani ya nyumba. Mouziridwa ndi Toynbee Hall ku London, okonzanso zinthu zamakono monga Jane Addams adakhazikitsidwa [[FLT: 0] House . Hall House [ ku Chicago mu 1889. Nyumba za anthu zinali m'madera osauka a m’mizinda, kupereka makalasi, makalasi a tsiku, zipatala, ndi maprogramu a chikhalidwe. Iwo anazikidwa pa lingaliro lakuti osintha zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi moyo pakati pa anthu amene anafuna kuthandizana ndi kuchotsapo anthu osoŵa. Owonjezera ndi anzawo ana ana, ntchito za ana, ndi mikhalidwe ya nyumba, kugwiritsa ntchito kuchirikiza malamulo monga Illino Active Active 1893. Kugomangira kwa nyumba kutsimikizira kuti anthu onse aŵiriwo atha kukhoza kuwathandiza ndi maphunziro achifundo amakono, monga gulu lamakono la anthu: Froglo. [F.]

American Red Cross , adalembedwa mu 1881 pansi pa Clara Barton, inafutukukanso m'nyengo ino. Poyamba inasumika pa chithandizo cha tsoka ndi kuchirikiza kwa asilikali, Red Cross inakhala chizindikiro cha kudzipereka kolinganizidwa. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, gulu linakula kufika pa mamembala 35,000 ndipo linayamba ntchito yake yosatha m’magazi, kukonzekera tsoka, ndi maphunziro a zaumoyo. Nthaŵi imeneyi inaonanso kubadwa kwa ku United Way [[FL:3]. M'chaka cha 1887, wansembe Denver, mtumiki, ndi rabi adagwirizana ndi kupanga “Commun Chest, imene inawapereka ndi kugaŵira kwawo kwa dziko lonse.

Zaka za Zana la 20: Kufutukuka, Kuperekedwa kwa Malamulo, ndi Kupatsidwa Uphunzitsi

Nkhondo ziŵiri zapadziko lonse, Kutsika kwa Chuma Kwakukulu, ndi bungwe lomenyera ufulu wa anthu zinasintha mbali zonse za anthu ndi anthu. Boma la boma linachita mbali yaikulu popereka moyo wa anthu kudzera m’maprogramu a New Deal ndi Great Society, koma kuthandizana kwaumwini kunapitirizabe kuwonjezeka, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kunadzaza mipata ndi kuwonjezera ndalama zimene boma silikanatha kugwiritsa ntchito.

Lamulo la Msonkho ndi Mpatuko Wopanda Phindu

Posinthirapo panali Act ya 1969 . Pasanakhale lamulo limeneli, malamulo a msonkho anali atalola kale kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira anthu (kuyambira mu 1917), koma panali malamulo ochepa a maziko ndi mabungwe. Pa 1969 Pankakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima pa maziko achinsinsi, kuphatikizapo lamulo logaŵira ndalama zawo chaka chilichonse, ndipo linaletsa kudziimira pakati pa maziko ndi zopereka zawo. Ilo linafotokozanso kusiyana kwalamulo pakati pa makampani a anthu onse ndi maziko achinsinsi. Malamulowa anakhazikitsa gulu, kulimbikitsa kuwonekera ndi kuyankha mlandu pamene akusunga zisonkhezero zopereka. Kachitidwe kakedwe kake ka zinthu kawo kamakhalabe m'malo lerolino ndi kodzikongoletsa ndi kuwonjezereka mofulumira kwa ndalama za ndalama za m'zaka 100 zomalizira.

Kukula kwa Maziko Aakulu ndi Mathanzi

Pokhala ndi malo ovomerezeka alamulo, chiŵerengero cha maziko chinaphulika. Foundation , yokhazikitsidwa mu 1936, inakhala yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse pofika m'ma 1950, kuchirikiza ufulu wa anthu, kupititsa patsogolo kwa dziko lonse, ndi luso. [[FLT:] . [[FLT]] . .A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kukula kwa Magulu a Anthu

Ma 1960 ndi 1970 anaona mabungwe othandizira ogwirizana mwachindunji ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe. National Association for Advanced People Florence (NAACP) , adakhazikitsidwa mu 1909, ndi Community Christian Leadence Conference (SCC) [[FLT:]] Mabungwe a dziko omwe anali odalira pa zopereka zaufulu. Pambuyo pa ufulu wa Chilamulo ndi Zoyenera Zochita Zotsatira Ufulu, ambiri a magulu ameneŵa anasintha nkukhala ndi kufalikira kwa makampani. Momwenso, gulu la malo ozungulira linayambitsa [FL:] [FL: 4,4] Kuthandiza kwa dziko la za moyo wosakhala wokwanira. [FLD:] [FLD [F.UF.U.S.US.US.66]

Nyengo Yamakono: Kudalirana kwa Mayiko, Zipangizo Zamakono, ndi Kudalirana kwa Malonda

Lerolino, mabungwe othandiza anthu amagwira ntchito padziko lonse. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [1], adakhazikitsidwa mu 2000 ndi ndalama zokwana madola 8 biliyoni (kuyambira pamene anakula kufika pa $50 biliyoni), amatsanzira njira zamakono zofikira. Mwa kuika maganizo pa thanzi la dziko lonse, kupita patsogolo kwa ulimi, ndi maphunziro, maziko ayamba kukhala chimodzi mwa mabungwe aakulu ndi otchuka kwambiri m'mbiri. Kufikira kwake kwa mabizinesi, mayanjano, ndi mwambo wonga wa malonda, zinasonyezedwa kwambiri. Mabanja a dziko lapansi, kuvuta kwapadera [FLTC:] ndi ndalama zake zofufuzira, zathandiza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, kuonetsa mmene mayeso, mapulo a mapulote, ndi kutsanzira njira yochitira zinthu.

.Habitat for Humanity, yokhazikitsidwa mu 1976, inakula kukhala nyumba zapadziko lonse zopanda phindu zimene zamanga kapena kukonza nyumba zoposa 6000,000 padziko lonse. Chitsanzo chake cha ntchito yodzifunira ndi “at'at'" atengera ku maiko oposa 70. Maseŵera Opanda Bountains (Médins Sans Frontières) [Foct:3], amene anapata mphotho ya Nobel pa 1999, amapereka chisamaliro chamwadzidzidzi m'make ndi madera a ngozi, ochirikizidwa ndi zopereka zaumwini. Ufulu wake umalola kupita kumene nthaŵi zina boma likhoza kuthandizira. Panthaŵiyi, mofanana ndi [FT.FLT] [FFFOLD] [200: [5], mabanki a m'mabanki akuperekabe zakudya, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a ku America, zomwe zikuthandizirabe kugaŵa chakudya cha anthu ambiri.

Kupanga Masheya a Makina ndi Malo Atsopano

Kukwera kwa makompyuta a pa Intaneti ndi a zachikhalidwe kwasintha mmene mabungwe amapezera ndalama ndi kuchirikiza. Mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti monga Gound Me ali ndi ndalama zoyendetsera pademo ndondomeko, kulola anthu ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono kuchirikiza zinthu zina. Kuthandiza kwa ana ndi ndalama zothandizira ndalama kwakhala chakudya chachikulu, kumene operekawo amapanga makampani aumwini opangira zinthu zimene amasamalira. Magulu onga Mtanda Wofiira [[FL:3] ndi [FLT] [FL:] [4]. .ACHIPUPUPUPU . . . . . . . . .N.

Ntchito ya Ndalama Zopereka Ndalama Zoperekedwa (DAFs)

Chiyambi chimodzi chamakono n’chochuluka cha ndalama zoperekedwa ndi wopereka (DAFS), zimene zimalola opereka kupereka msonkho wochuluka ku gulu lochirikiza (monga ngati Facity Chabity kapena ndalama zoperekedwa [[Accounting]]] Schab Fund ) ndipo kenaka kuvomereza kuperekedwa kwa ndalamazo kwa nthaŵi yaitali. ADAFS achuluka mofulumira, atanyamula ndalama zoposa $5 biliyoni [201] podzafika 201. Otsutsawo saona kuonekera poyera ndipo nthaŵi zina amalola ndalama kukhala zopanda ntchito, pamene ochirikiza amanena kuti achepetseko ndi kulimbikitsa kwambiri.

Mavuto Opitirizabe ndi Mtsogolo mwa Chithandizo cha Anthu

Ngakhale kuti mabungwe othandiza anthu apambana, anthu ovutika amakumana ndi mavuto amene adzayambitse zaka 100 zotsatirazi pothandiza anzawo.

Kuwona Bwino ndi Kuŵerengera Mlandu

Opereka ndalama akufunafuna kwambiri umboni wakuti ndalama zawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwira mtima. Mabungwe monga [FLT: 0] Melikani Cross Yofiira (m’ lekuatiso, kusasamala ndalama pambuyo pa chivomezi cha Haiti cha 2010) ndi [[FLT:] Wolf Project [FLD ,3] [makampani opanga] (kuwononga ndalama pamutu]) apanga mitu yankhani. M'pope, kuyang'anira mabwa onga [[FLT:] Navigtator [[FL:] ndi [FLT:] [FL:] AS .[FLT:] [3] [3] [ioneka kuti]))) kapena kuwonjezera njira zopimira, zikhoza kukhala zowonjezereka. [ikulunjika.[4]

Kusalingana Makhalidwe ndi “Kuuka kwa Akufa”

Pamene kuli kwakuti opereka ndalama zothandizira anthu amapatsidwa chisamaliro chochepa ndi chapakati amayesayesa kupulumuka. Kuchuluka kwa chuma pakati pa opereka oŵerengeka kungaike patsogolo, kukondera ntchito zapathengo pa zosoŵa za anthu. Kuwonjezera apo, kuchepa kwa gulu lapakati laphingo / chifukwa cha malipiro a ndalama [1] kwachititsa kudalira kwambiri pa maziko aakulu ndi anthu olemera. Zimenezi zikudzutsa mafunso okhudza kulamulira democracy: ndani angasankhe mavuto ofunikira kuyang'anira? Mtsogolo mwaphingo laphingo lingafunikire kubwereranso ku mabungwe a chitaganya ndi mabwalo a udzu.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo ndi Kusintha kwa Kapangidwe ka Zinthu

Zitokoso za malo okhala, makamaka kusintha kwa nyengo, kufuna mayankho ogwirizana kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya kuthandiza anthu amtundu umodzi. Magulu onga Evenroning Defense Fund ndi [FLT:] ndi 50. org [ kusumika maganizo pa malamulo oyendetsera ndalama ndi kuthandizira anthu. Koma kuchuluka kwa vutolo kwachititsa kukwera kwa [[FLT:] ndi [FLT: 4.] kusungitsa ndalama [[FLT: 5], kumene machiritso], kumene maphithro agwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ndalama zobwezetsa zonse ziŵiri ndi mapindu a anthu. [FLT:] Frockededed, chitsanzo cha mapuloctive [2] kuwonjezera mphamvu zowonjezereka ndi kukonza ntchito yothandiza kukonzanso.

Kukula kwa Kupatsa kwa Zandale ndi Utsogoleri Wandale

Chikhoterero chotsutsana ndicho kuwonjezereka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito magalimoto othandiza anthu pa zolinga zandale. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo a msonkho amaletsa othandizira ochirikiza mwachindunji, mabungwe oikidwa monga 501(c)(4) magulu a anthu athanzi angaloŵetsemo m'ntchito ndi kusonkhezera. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti pakhale magulu a “ndalama zachinsinsi” amene amaika zopereka m'mipikisano ya ndale zadziko mosadziŵika. Mzera pakati pa opereka chithandizo chenicheni ndi ntchito za ndale zadziko ukhalabe wotsutsana, ndi kupempha malamulo owonjezereka. Mabungwe a Charitable ayenera kuyendetsa mosamala madzi ameneŵa kuti asungire chidaliro cha anthu.

Kumaliza

Mbiri ya mabungwe aakulu othandizira anthu osoŵa ku United States ndi nkhani ya kumanga zinthu, kufunika, ndi kufunitsitsa kwa anthu kwachikhalire kuthandiza ena. Kuyambira nyumba zothandizira anthu osoŵa mpaka zipatala za padziko lonse, ku America achifundo ayamba kuvomereza mavuto a anthu, kusintha kwa zachuma, ndi masinthidwe a zasayansi. Ilo lapangidwa ndi anthu amasomphenya monga Carnegie, Addams, ndi Gates, mwa malamulo monga ngati Camps Reform Act ya 1969, ndiponso ndi mphamvu ya mamiliyoni a antchito odzipereka ndi opereka zinthu zazing'ono. Komabe, mavuto omwe anasonkhezera kulengedwa kwa mabungwe ameneŵa, matenda, kusalingana kwa malo okhalako, kuwonongeka kwa malo okhalako, akugonana. Mtsogolo sikuli m’malamulo okha koma m’kukhoza kwawo, kupitirizabe kuyendera bwino, ndipo akugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Monga momwe mabungwe ambiri akupitiriza kuyendera ntchito za anthu.

[[ML:0] Kugwirizanitsa:[[ML:1]

  • Uthenga Wabwino wa Chuma – mbiri.com
  • [[MLT: 0] ITURO: Mbiri ya Msonkho-yopindu ya gulu [[MTL:1]
  • [[ML:0] Bill & Melinda Zipata Maziko - Zopereka Zoikidwa
  • NPR: Cross yofiira ndi chivomezi cha Haiti
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