Maziko a Zakudya za Sukulu: Mmene Ulamuliro wa Boma Umakhudzira Zimene Ophunzira Amadya

Maprogramu a chakudya chamasana asukulu amatumikira monga magwero otetezera ana mamiliyoni ambiri ku United States, kupereka chakudya chimene ambiri amaimira magwero odalirika a chakudya chopatsa thanzi m’tsiku lawo. Mkhalidwe, kupezeka, ndi chakudya cha m’thupi cha chakudya chimenechi sizimasiyidwa mwamwayi; izo ndizo chotulukapo chachindunji chaukulu wa boma, boma, ndi malamulo a boma a kumaloko. Kumvetsetsa mmene malamulo ameneŵa amagwira ntchito, kumene amapambana, ndi kumene amalephera kuli kofunika kwa aliyense woloŵetsedwa m’maphunziro, thanzi lapoyera, kapena m'chitaganya. Nkhaniyi ikupenda chisinthiko cha mbiri yakale, kusinthasintha kwa dziko, zitsutso za boma, zitoko zopitirizabe, ndi zochitika zina zimene zikulongosola unansi pakati pa boma ndi sukulu za chakudya chamadzulo.

Chisinthiko cha M’mbiri: Kuchoka pa Kuchepa kwa Zakudya Kufika pa Miyezo Yakudya

Lamulo la National School Lunch la 1946: A Postwar Safety Net

Programu yamakono ya chakudya chamasana imatsatira chiyambi chake ku National School Lunch Act (NSA) [NSA] ya 1946, yosainidwa ndi lamulo ndi Pulezidenti Harry Truman . Ntchitoyo inasonkhezeredwa ndi zinthu ziŵiri zazikulu: choyamba, kufunika kwa kukambirana za kusoŵa kwa zakudya pakati pa anyamata osankhidwa pa Nkhondo ya Dziko II, zimene zinavumbula kusoŵa kwa zakudya kofala; ndipo yachiŵiri, chikhumbo cha kupanga msika wosasintha wa zinthu zaulimi. NSALA inakhazikitsa [[FLL:2] Sukulu ya National Luncorch Program (NLP) [FLD)], yomwe inapereka ndalama zothandizira kukumana ndi zofunika zina za chakudya ndi kupereka kwaufulu kapena za ana kuti apezere. Lamulo limeneli lapamwamba la za boma la za za kadyedwe kadyedwe kasukulu kaŵiri, ndi la zaulimi, zomwe zimachirikiza kuchuluka kwa sukulu zonse.

Lamulo la Kudya Mwana la 1966: Kufutukula Malo ndi Kuwonjezera Chizindikiro

Zaka makumi aŵiri pambuyo pake, Act [[FLT: 0] Yakudyetsa ana Breatrition ya 1966 inafutukula NSLP ndi kuvomerezedwa mwalamulo ndi School Breast Program (SBP) [SLT] monga woyendetsa ndege]. Kachitidweko kanazindikira kuti chakudya cha mmaŵa chinali chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yamaphunziro ndi ntchito yamaphunziro, makamaka kwa ana ochokera ku mabanja osakhazikika. Mkupita kwa nthaŵi, SBP inakula kuchokera kwa woyendetsa ndege yodzichepetsa kukhala programu yachikhalire, tsopano yotumikira ana oposa 14 miliyoni tsiku ndi tsiku. Chiyambi cha Chikukula chiletso cha Chikuyambitsanso chakudya chapadera ndi kulimbitsa mkhalidwe wa chakudya, kuika maziko kaamba ka kusintha kwa pambuyo pake.

Lamulo la Umoyo Wabwino, Lopanda Njala la m’chaka cha 2010: Limene Linasintha Khalidwe la Zakudya

Malamulo opambanitsa a miyezo ya chakudya cha kusukulu anabwera ndi Heary , Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) ya 2010, ochirikizidwa ndi First Lady Michelle Obama. Malamulo ameneŵa anatsogolera Dipatimenti ya Zakudya za U.A. za U.S. (US.) kukonzanso miyezo ya chakudya cha zakudya zopatsa thanzi pa zakudya zonse zogulitsidwa m’sukulu, kuphatikizapo zoziziritsa ndi zakumwa zogulitsa ndi majeresiti ndi à la carte . Masinthidwe aakulu anaphatikizapo kufuna kuti ophunzira aperekedwe zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zowonjezereka, kuti akhale pa 50% pa zolemera zonse, ndi kuti mkaka ukhale wotsika kapena wosakwanira. HFKA ionjere kuwonjezeranso pa miyezo ya maphunziro atsopano ndi kuwonjezera ndalama za sukulu yopereka ndalama za ku sitolo yowonjezereka ndi kuthandizira kukonzekera maphunziro.

Chigwirizano Chamakono: Ntchito Yolamulira Sukulu Lerolino

Miyezo ya Zakudya za Kusukulu ya USDA

SDA . Miyezo imeneyi njozikidwa pa Dietary Guides kwa Amereka ndipo imasinthasintha. Pakali pano, sukulu iyenera kupereka chakudya chimodzi cha tsiku ndi tsiku choyenera cha ma calorie, protein, chitsulo, vitamini A, ndi vitamini C. Zakudya ziyenera kuphatikizapo zisanu: nyama, zipatso, zipatso, ndi mkaka. Malamulo apadera amalamulira mbali za magawo pa giredi, mafuta ndi mafuta ambiri, ndi kuletsa mafuta. Sukulu zimafunikiranso kupereka pa chikho chimodzi cha zipatso ndi chodya, ndi chochepa cha tsiku ndi tsiku limodzi lathunthu, ndipo ziyenera kusankhidwa pa zakudya za zipatso za zipatso, zipatso, zipatso, zipatso, zipatso, zipatso, ndi mkaka. Malamulo apadera amalamulira kukula kwa magawo a tsiku limodzi la sukulu, kuphatikizapo kugulitsa zakudya zonsezo, kuphatikizapo kugulitsa zakudya zopatsa zakudya. Mafuta. Sukulu amafunikiranso kuwonjezera pa zipatso zasukulu. [3]

Kupereka Ndalama ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Makina

Masukulu a zakudya zamasana ndiwo ndalama zothandizira sukulu. Sukulu zimalandira ndalama zoikizidwa pachakudya chimodzi, ndi ndalama zowonjezereka za chakudya choperekedwa kwa ophunzira oyenera kulipira kwaulere kapena kuchepetsa ndalama zambiri. Pa 2024-2025 chaka cha sukulu, USDA amabweza ndalama pasukulu pafupifupi $4.25 pa chakudya chamasana, $3.85 pa chakudya chamasana chochepetsedwa, ndi $00,000 pa chakudya chamasana choperekedwa. Mitengo ya mtengo wa ndalama yamtengo wapatali ya kugwiritsa ntchito Consumer Price Index, ndi ya mafake a zakudya, imene ingawonjezedwe pachaka ndi ndalama zothandizira kuwonjezera pa ndalama za chakudya, masukulu angalandire [FLT: $3.[FLD] Foodss [FFOLD:1] [masssssssss] (matam'maseake, tchizi, ndi zingathandize, ngakhale ndalama zowonjezereka za kuchuluka, zopereka za kuntchito, ndi zopereka zopereka zopereka za pasukulu zina zopereka zopereka za ndalama zowonjezereka, zowonjezereka, zowonjezereka, zowonjezereka, za ophunzira

Kusamala Chakudya ndi Uyang’aniro

Makhefite a sukulu ayenera kugwirizana ndi malamulo a boma ndi a zaumoyo a kumaloko limodzinso ndi zitsogozo za boma pansi pa Food Safety Modertiation Act (FSMA ). Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kusunga kutentha kwa chakudya koyenera, kuletsa kusungunuka kwa mtanda, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira kuyambitsa matenda ochititsidwa ndi madyedwe. Sukulu zimayang'aniridwanso ndi mapendedwe a nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi ndi mabungwe a maphunziro kutsimikizira kuti zigwirizana ndi miyezo ya chakudya. Kulephera kukwaniritsa miyezo kungatuluka m’kuchepetsa ndalama kapena kutayikiridwa kwa programu. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, nkhaŵa za matenda ochititsidwa ndi sukulu za chakudya chamwambo zachititsa kupima ndi kutsata kwamphamvu, makamaka kutulutsa magwero atsopano kuchokera ku ku kuchotsa pulogalamu.

Kusintha kwa Boma: Mmene Policies Wamalo Amalowo Amakonzeretu Njira Yabwino

Kuyamba Kuyenda Pafamu

Pamene kuli kwakuti boma la boma limakhazikitsa chigawo cha chigawo, likukhazikitsa ufulu waukulu. Imodzi ya njira zotchuka kwambiri za boma ndiyo Falmar-Fool kuyenda, kumene kumalimbikitsa sukulu kugula chakudya kwa alimi ndi otulutsa. Mwachitsanzo, maboma oposa 2023, akhazikitsa malamulo kapena kukhazikitsa maprogramu ochirikiza ntchito za pa famu yopita ku sukulu. Maprogramu ameneŵa angatenge mtundu wa "Harvest of Month", ntchito za sukulu, maprojekiti a sukulu, kapena kugula mapangano a mafamu apafupi. Mwachitsanzo, California ya California [FLD2:] Farmarmat ku programme ku programuni Yopereka ndalama kuti apange masukulu, kukonza mapulogalamu akwa, ndi kukonza mapulogalamu a m’munda, ndi kukonza mapulogalamu a maphunziro a pa famu.

Maphunziro a Zakudya ndi Kuloŵerera m’Zopereka

Maboma angapo amalamula kuti sukulu ziphatikizepo maphunziro a zaumoyo kapena sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, Oregon amafuna kuti ophunzira a magiredi K-12 alandire malangizo a msinkhu oyenerera a kadyedwe kabwino, kutetezereka kwa chakudya, ndi mapindu a ntchito yakuthupi. Mayiko ena, mofanana ndi New York, achitapo kanthu kwambiri pofuna kuti maphunziro a chakudya chopatsa thanzi agwirizanitsidwe ntchito pa programu ya chakudya cha kusukulu, monga ngati mwa kuyesa zochitika kapena zitsanzo zophika. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zimathandiza ophunzira kuphunzira chidziŵitso ndi maluso a zaumoyo ponse paŵiri kusukulu ndi panyumba.

Njira Zina Zodyera ndi Zogona

Malamulo a boma amakhudzanso njira za chakudya zimene zilipo. California ndi New York akhala atsogoleri olimbikitsa mapulogalamu a zomera ndi a chikhalidwe. Mu 2019, mzinda wa New York unakhala chigawo choyamba cha sukulu yaikulu kukhazikitsa "Lolemba losadya" m'masukulu onse, lamulo lochirikizidwa ndi boma la kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Mofananamo, chiŵerengero chomakulakula cha mayiko amafuna kuti masukulu apereke zakudya zamasamba kapena mapulogalamu apadera, kusonyeza ponse paŵiri zakudya ndi zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo. Maboma amasiyananso m'njira zimene amachitira ndi kusintha kwa ophunzira chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa chakudya, mikhalidwe ya zamankhwala, kapena zakudya zachipembedzo, ndi kupereka zitsogonjezo zomveka bwino ndi zosinthasinthasinthasintha kusiyana ndi zina.

Mavuto Okhalitsa Amene Sukulu Imakumana Nawo

Mabanki Ogwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama ndi Zotayika

Ngakhale kuti boma limachirikiza, madipatimenti ambiri a za kadyedwe a sukulu amagwira ntchito m'njira yofiira. 2023 kufufuza kochitidwa ndi School Nutrition Association kunapeza kuti pafupifupi 80% ya maprogramu a chakudya cha kusukulu anasimba za ndalama zopereŵera, ndi kukwera kwa ndalama za chakudya, ndi malipiro a ntchito, ndi kusokonezeka kwa madendene otchulidwa kukhala oyendetsa bwino. Pamene bajeti ikhala yolemera, masukulu angasinthe kukhala zakudya zodyedwa zotsika mtengo wochepa koma zopanda kulimba ndi kusangalatsa kwa chakudya chonse. Vutolo limakula ndi kuti ndalama zolipirira kaŵirikaŵiri zimakwera mtengo kumbuyo kwa ndalama zenizeni, kukakamiza zigawo kukwera mtengo wa chakudya cha ophunzira kapena kukwera pa ziwiyadi za antchito ndi ziwitso zowonjezera.

Zakudya Zotayika: Vuto la Ubongo

Madanga asukulu amatulutsa zotayidwa zambiri za chakudya, ponse paŵiri kuchokera ku zinthu zosadyedwa pa mathirakiti a ophunzira ndi kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa khichini . Kuyerekezera kukupereka kuti 30% mpaka 50% ya chakudya chonse choperekedwa m’sukulu chatayika. Zinthu zambiri zimathandizira vutoli: nyengo zazifupi za chakudya chamasana zimene sizimapatsa ophunzira nthaŵi yokwanira kudya; kuletsa kuti chakudya chiperekedwe mwamsanga kapena usiku kwambiri; ndi zinthu za m’mameno zimene ophunzira amapeza kuti asadyedwe, makamaka zipatso ndi zomera zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Poyankha, masukulu ena ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito [[FLT:] matebulo oyenera kupatsa ophunzira ntchito yopereka katundu wotsegulidwa, kapena mapulogalamu opatsira zinthu kuti achotsedwe. Komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, mapulogalamu ofala, ndipo osasinthasintha zinthu monga mmene amachitira ndi kuganikirana ndi mavinidwe amodzi odyetsa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Movutikira Ndiponso Mocholoŵana

Kukhazikitsa malamulo otsatizana a boma, boma, ndi malo akumeneko kuli ntchito yaikulu kwa oyang'anira sukulu. USDA imafunikira kusungitsa tsatanetsatane wa nkhani za chakudya, kutsimikizira, ndi zolembedwa za menu. Sukulu ziyeneranso kugwirizana ndi Commonity Egiration (CEP) [[FL:1], zimene zimalola masukulu apamwamba opatula kupatsa chakudya ophunzira onse popanda kusonkhanitsa mapulogalamu apadera. Masukuluwo ayeneranso kugwirizana ndi Commonity Programme projective [magements , mamenti ndi maphunziro ongo ang'atsa malonda ndi zikhoza kukhala ochulukiraposera, nthaŵi zina kutsogolera m'masukulu osagwirizana ndi zilango za ndalama.

Zitsogozo Zamtsogolo ndi Kufalikira kwa Mikhalidwe

Zakudya Zosamalira Nyengo ndi Zachilengedwe

Kusungika kwa malo okhala kukukhala kofunika kwambiri pokonzekera chakudya cha kusukulu. Magawo ena akutenga "mnzawo wachiŵiri" mapuloteni amene amagogomezera kudyedwa kwa nyama yofiira, ndi kulinganiza zinthu za kumaloko. Masukulu a USDA afunanso kuchepetsa kutayidwa kwa zinthu, monga kugwiritsira ntchito matreat ndi ziwiya za Entertive Service Active Plan [1] Kuphatikizapo mapangano a kuchepetsa mpweya wotenthetsa mpweya wa gasi kuchokera ku maprogramu a chakudya cha kusukulu, ngakhale kuti malamulo otsimikizirika akupangidwabe. Sukulu zikufufuzanso njira zochepetsera kutaya zotaira, monga kugwiritsira ntchito ma thirozi ndi ziwiya za m'ziŵiya za chakudya, ndi zakudya zoyendera pa malo amodzi ndi malo akumalo akumalo akwane ndi malo akumalo a kumalo akumalo ndi kusungitsanso ndalama.

Kusintha kwa Zipangizo: Kuchokera pa Kulamula Kukaloŵa m’Maziko Ophera Tizilombo

Luso la zopangapanga layamba kusintha mmene maprogramu a zakudya za kusukulu amagwirira ntchito. Madongosolo a pa Intaneti amalola ophunzira kusanthula zakudya, kuchepetsa zotayidwa ndi kutulutsa khichini. Madongosolo a pulogalamu ya zomanga thupi ndi mathebulo ogwirizana ndi zakudya zimathandiza kutsimikizira kuti zinthu zofunikira m'zakudya zikhoza kutsatiridwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zotchuka ndi zosafunika, kupangitsa mamenowo kusintha zinthu zochokera pa zimene ophunzira amakonda. Magawo ena akuyesa ndi nzeru zopanga zinthu kudziŵikitsa ndi kulinganiza bwino zinthu, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ndi 20% kapena kuposapo. Komabe, mtengo wapamwamba wa mapulogalamu amakono akukhalabe chopinga choletsa, makamaka cha pansi pa madera a maofesi amakono.

Kutengamo Mbali m’Magulu ndi Kudya Chakudya cha Padziko Lonse

COVID-19 mliri wa sukulu zaufulu zinawonjezera chikhoterero cha kudyera kwa onse, pamene ogulitsa ana analola masukulu kupatsa chakudya popanda malipiro kwa ophunzira onse. Pamene kuli kwakuti maraver adamwalira mu 2022, maboma ambiri . kuphatikizapo California, Maine , Colorado, ndi Minnesota . Malamulo ameneŵa achotsa kunyozeka kwa maprogramu a chakudya a masana, kuyendetsa mitsinje, ndi kutsimikizira kuti palibe mwana amene akukhala ndi njala. Umboni woyambirira wochokera ku California umasonyeza kuwonjezereka kwa kulowamo ndi kutsika kwa chakudya. Kayendedwe ka chakudya chapadziko lonse kayenera kukula, limodzi ndi ochirikiza kunena kuti kupeza chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndi kuyenera kuti sikuyenera kudalira pa ndalama za banja.

Kumaliza

Malamulo a boma ku boma, boma, ndi malo akumeneko amaumba kwambiri maprogramu a chakudya chamasana a sukulu amene amatumikira makumi a mamiliyoni a ana a ku America tsiku lililonse. Kuyambira pa maziko a Sukulu ya National Lunch ya 1946 mpaka pa Lamulo la Zakudya Zaumoyo, Zakudya Zopanda Ufulu wa Adds mu 2010, lamulo la boma lakhazikitsa zakudya ndi ntchito. Malamulo a boma amawonjezera miyalo ya zinthu zatsopano, kaya mwa njira zoyambira pa famu ndi sukulu, maphunziro a za kadyedwe, kapena maprogramu a chakudya chapadziko lonse. Komabe mavuto osatha , kutaya chakudya, kukonzanso zinthu zina. Monga momwe dziko likupitira patsogolo kwa zakudya ndi mapindu a chakudya cha ana, kusoŵa chakudya, kusoŵako kwa umboni wolingalira bwino, kukonzanso zinthu. Mwakumvetsa malamulo amene akulamulira ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwa makolo, aphunzitsi, ndi kulimbikitsa, kulimbikitsa, kulimbikitsa kwa ophunzira, ndi kuwathandiza kuti apeze chakudya choyenera kuchuluka, ndiponso kuti aphunzire bwino, kuti aphunzire bwino.

[[MT] Zotsala:[[FULT:1]