Demetrition ya 14th Constitution ku United States, yovomerezedwa mu 1868, ili limodzi la malamulo a lamulo la ku America. Chinenero chake chofala chasintha kwambiri unansi wa anthu ndi boma, kutsimikizira chitetezo chachikulu chimene chimatetezera ufulu wa munthu, kukhulupirika kwa banja, ndi kuchitiridwa mofanana. Kwa nzika wamba, kuzindikira Demendment ya 14th Amendment sikuli njira yamaphunziro ya moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuchokera ku mmene sukulu zimachitira ndi ana anu ku mmene khoti limachitira ndi ufulu. Nkhaniyi imaswa chitetezo chapakati cha munthuwekha chimagaŵira ndi kulongosola mmene amachitira kwa inu ndi banja lanu.

Nkhani Zake ndi Cholinga cha Chisudzo

Chilengezochi chinaperekedwa pa nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni, kukhazikitsa Lamulo la 14 la ku United States linakonzedwa kuti liteteze ufulu wa anthu a ku Africa amene angomasulidwa kumene kutsutsana ndi malamulo a boma omwe amafuna kuwalepheretsa kukhala nzika ndi kuteteza. Komabe, mawu ake sakutanthauza gulu limodzi lokha. Chilengezochi chimalengeza kuti anthu onse obadwira kapena obadwa ku United States ndi nzika, ndipo chimaletsa kuchepetsa ufulu kapena kuteteza nzika za nzika, kukana munthu aliyense wa moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu wopanda lamulo, ndi kukana munthu aliyense wofanana ndi malamulowo. Malamulowa ndi kuteteza a boma lakwawo, ndipo chimawagwiritsa ntchito potsatira malamulo a boma, monga lamulo lofanana ndi la boma.

Kuteteza Claus Kofanana

The Aumement Protection Claus, lokhala m'Chigawo 1, limalamula kuti palibe boma limene “lidzagonjera kwa munthu aliyense wokhala m’ulamuliro wake kuchinjiriza kofanana kwa malamulo.” Pansi pa kupepuka kwake, ichi chikutanthauza kuti boma liyenera kuchita ndi anthu ofanana. Koma mphamvu ya mawuwo iri m'malongosoledwe ake osinthika: makhoti amagwira ntchito mlingo wosiyanasiyana wa kupenda malinga ndi kugaŵidwa kwa malamulo.

Kupenda Koyenera m’Maudindo Olakwika

Pamene kukondera kwa lamulo kozikidwa pa fuko, chiyambi cha dziko, kapena kusamukira (m'nkhani zina), makhoti amagwiritsira ntchito kufufuza kwapadera , muyezo wapamwamba wa kupenda. Boma liyenera kusonyeza chikondwerero chokakamiza ndi kuti lamulo laikidwa kukwaniritsa chikondwerero chimenecho. Muyezo umenewu wagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuchotsako, maukwati a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi mitundu yambiri ya tsankho. Mwachitsanzo, mu [FLT:][FLT:] Brown. brown. Board of Education [FLT:] [12] [12] [197], malamulo ogwirizana ndi maukwati: [19]

Kugwirizana ndi Kulimba kwa Malo

Malamulo ogwirizana ndi magawo ena onse ogwirizana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi kapena akazi, makhoti amagwiritsa ntchito [[FLT:] kufufuza : lamulo liyenera kukhala ndi chiwonjezeko chofunika cha boma ndipo liyenera kugwirizana kwambiri ndi chikondwerero chimenecho. Magawo ena onse, chuma, kupunduka, maganizo a kugonana (pazithunzi zina) (pazithunzi zina) (mabwalo agwiritsira ntchito [[FLT:] maziko opendera :]: lamulo liyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi chikondwerero cha boma chovomerezeka. M’malamulo ambiri amapenda bwino, koma chikalatacho chimaperekabe malo otsutsa kapena osayenerera. Mwachitsanzo, mwa kutetezedwa ndi anthu osakhala ndi lamulo.

Mmene Chitetezo Chofanana Chimakuyambukirirani

Chitetezero cholingana chimakhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo: maphunziro, ntchito, nyumba, ndi kupezeka ku mautumiki a boma. Ngati mukhulupirira boma kapena lamulo lakumaloko limakuchitirani mosiyana chifukwa cha fuko lanu, mwamuna, kapena mkhalidwe wina wotetezeredwa, mungapereke chinenezo pansi pa Demendment ya 14. Imatetezeranso ku kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwauve wauchete pankhope, ngati, mwachitsanzo, ngati apolisi akakamiza lamulo lomasinthasintha la anthu a mtundu wa khungu.

Mmene Claus Amayendera

THE THE THE TES SOCKS imaletsa boma kulanda “munthu aliyense wa moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu, popanda lamulo. Mawuwa ali ndi mbali ziwiri zosiyana: njira yoikidwiratu ndi njira yoikizira. Zonse ziŵiri n’zofunika kuti atetezere anthu ndi mabanja.

Mmene Zinthu Zimayendera

Kulinganiza koyenera kumafuna njira zabwino boma lisanakulandeni moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu. Kucheperapo, zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kudziŵitsa zochita zolingaliridwa ndi mwaŵi wa kumvedwa pamaso pa wopanga zosankha wopanda tsankho. Njira zachindunji zimasiyana malinga ndi kufunika kwa chiwongola dzanja chimene chili pamtengo ndi ngozi ya kulandidwa kolakwika. Mwachitsanzo:

  • M'milandu yaupandu: Muli ndi ufulu wa kuzenga mlandu mofulumira ndi wa anthu, mboni zolankhulana, loya, ndi kukhala chete. Ufulu umenewu umatsatiridwa kupyolera mwa Clause ya Century of the 1450 Demendment (Ilipiridwa ku maulamuliro) ndi Findment (Iperekedwa ku boma).
  • M'milandu yachiŵeniŵeni: Khoti lisanapereke mphotho kapena kulanda katundu wanu, muyenera kulandira ntchito yoyenerera ya kachitidwe ndi kumvetsera koyenera. Mofananamo, makampani a boma asanachotse mapindu a moyo kapena kulanda laisensi ya woyendetsa galimoto, ayenera kupereka chidziŵitso ndi mtundu wina wa kumvetsera.
  • M'nkhani za banja: Boma silingachotse mwana m'malo a kholo popanda kuweruzidwa, kapena silingachotse zoyenera za makolo popanda umboni womveka ndi wokhutiritsa ndi mpata wakuti kholo limvedwe.

Mmene Zinthu Zimayendera

Njira yoyenerera yodzitetezera imatetezera ku kuloŵerera kwa boma, ngakhale ngati njirazo zili zolungama. Khoti Lapamwamba latulukira ufulu wofunika kwambiri womwe umaphatikizapo ukwati, maunansi abanja, kubala, kulera ana, ndi kukhulupirika kwa thupi. Ufulu umenewu umaonedwa kukhala wofunika kwambiri kwakuti lamulo lililonse lowaletsa ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamalitsa kapena, m’zochitika zina, muyezo wapamwamba kwambiri. Zitsanzo zazikulu zimaphatikizapo:

  • Ufulu wa kukwatira ndi banja:[FLT :1] ndi ufulu wofunika kwambiri, monga momwe kwatsimikiziridwa mu Obergefell v. Hodges [1] , umene unasunga kuti mabanja amodzimodziwo ali ndi ufulu walamulo wa kukwatirana. Mofananamo, kuyenera kwa kukhala pamodzi monga banja, kutsogolera kulera ana anu, ndi kukhala ndi kukambitsirana ndi banja lanu lowonjezereka, amatetezedwa ndi njira yoyenerera.
  • Proficial ndi Contraception: [[FL:1] Khoti laswa malamulo amene amaletsa kapena kuletsa kutenga mimba kapena kutseketsa, kuzindikira kuti zosankha zakuti kaya kubala mwana zili zaumwini kwambiri.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ufulu Wamakolo: [[FLT :1] Mu [[FLT :2] .[FLT :3] PRICE v. Sosaite ya Alongo [[FLT:] [1925] ndi [FLT:] [[FLT :7]] Meyber v. Nebraskalh .[ [[12]], Khoti inakhulupirira kuti makolo ali ndi ufulu waukulu wakulamulira maphunziro ndi kulera ana awo, ngakhale kuti zimenezi sizili zoyenera.
  • Kukhulupirika Kwachiphamaso ndi Zosankha Zamankhwala: Anthu ali ndi kuyenera kwa kukana chithandizo cha mankhwala, ndi m’mikhalidwe ina, kupanga zosankha za kutha kwa moyo. Ukulu wa kuyenera kumeneku unatsutsidwa, makamaka za kuchotsa mimba pambuyo pa Madabu ndi. Akazi a Jackson a Health Organization [2022], zimene zinagwetsa ufulu walamulo wa boma wa kuchotsa mimba.

Chitetezo kwa Mabanja Pansi pa Kusintha kwa 14

Bwalo Lapamwamba nthaŵi zonse lakhala likugamula kuti banja ndilo liyenera kulera ana awo ngati akuona kuti ali oyenera. Komabe, ufulu umenewu si wokwanira; uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi boma poteteza ana kuti asavulazidwe.

Kulingana kwa Ukwati

Asanaike Obergefell v. Hodges , maboma ambiri amakana malolezo a ukwati kwa okwatirana a kugonana. Khoti linagamula kuti kukana kuti kuyenera kuswa zonse ziŵiri Claus (mwa kunyalanyaza ufulu waukulu) ndi Kutetezera Claus (mwa kuchotsa pa kachitidwe ka kugonana). Chigamulo chimenechi chinazindikira bwino kuti “kuyenera kukwatira" kumaphatikizapo kuyenera kwa kusankha mkazi wa munthu, ndi kuti boma silingachotse okwatirana audindo amodzimodzi kuchokera ku kumanjako. Lerolino, okwatirana okwatira omwewo ali ndi zitetezero zofananazo, mapindu, ndi mathayo osiyana monga olera, kuphatikizapo kulera, ndi kuchirikizana, ndi kuchirikiza.

Ufulu wa Makolo ndi Ufulu Wolera Ana

Pansi pa 14th Amendment, makolo ali ndi chikondwerero chachikulu cha ufulu m'kusamalira, kusunga, ndi kulamulira kwa ana awo. Boma lisanachotse mwana panyumba, liyenera kutsimikizira kusayenerera kwa makolo mwa umboni womveka ndi wokhutiritsa. Muyezo wapamwamba umenewu umaletsa boma kuswa mabanja popanda kulungamitsa. M'mikangano ya kusunga ana pakati pa makolo, makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsira ntchito “zikondwerero zabwino za mwana”, koma sasankha pamaziko a fuko, chipembedzo, kapena kakhalidwe ka kugonana. Mabanja osadziŵika ndi [1] Kuphatikizapo kulera ana, ndi kulera ana, ndi mabanja ena odziimira paubwenzi omwewo.

Kulera Ana Opeza ndi Kuwasamalira

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kusintha kwa Zakumwa ndi Mavuto a Malamulo amakono

Pamene anthu akusintha, makhoti akupitirizabe kumasulira Lamulo la 14 m’zochitika zatsopano.

Kuvomereza Ufulu

Ngakhale kuti pakali pano panakhala chilango cha 14th Amendment cha boma chimene chinakana kuvota kwa amuna, Sucture Protection Claus yagwiritsidwa ntchito kutokosa ziletso zovota. Khoti Lapamwamba lazindikira kuti kuyenera kwa kuvota kuli kuyenera kwapadera, ndi lamulo lililonse limene limatsutsa kapena kukana kuti kuyenera kuzikidwa pa fuko kapena kusankha kwina kuyenera kupulumuka kosamalitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu [] Shelby County v. Raker . [20] [20]), Khoti linakagamula malamulo ena oletsa, kukwaniritsa chigamu cha Volting Rights Act, koma Coutest Clauslect, koma Coute adakali chida champhamvu kuti atsutse fuko la fuko la fuko la fuko la fuko la Griederal]

Ntchito Yotsimikizira

Maprogramu otsimikiza a maphunziro, ntchito, ndi kukopana zayang'anizana ndi zitokoso mobwerezabwereza za lamulo pansi pa Filimite Protection Claus . Khoti lanena kuti magawo ozikidwa pa fuko m'zipatala za koleji ayenera kukhutiritsa kupenda kosamalitsa. ] Nthano za Fair Adgicts v. Harvard Harvard [1] [2] [20] , Khotilo linamalizadi kugwiritsa ntchito anthu osadziŵa mtundu m'maphunziro apamwamba, koma linadziŵitsa kuti ophunzira angakambiranebe fuko m'nkhani zawo zaumwini. Malowa amakhalabe osasintha, ndipo zochitika zapasagwirizana ndi mmene maboma angachitire ndi kutetezera kwa mbiri yakale popanda kutetezera kofanana.

Kusamuka ndi Umodzi wa Banja

Chitetezero cha 14th Amendment cha “munthu aliyense amene ali m’ulamuliro wake” chimakhudzanso anthu osamukira kudziko lina, mosasamala kanthu za malo alamulo. Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti ana osalembedwa ali ndi ufulu wa maphunziro a anthu onse pansi pa [FLT: 0]. Plyler v. Doe[FLD ,2] [[FLT] [1982] [72], ndipo mayikowo sangakane ufulu woyenerera wochita zinthu m'dziko pochotsa ntchito. Mpakete wa banja: U.S.

Mmene Mungaperekere Zoyenera Zanu za 14

Kudziŵa zoyenera zanu ndiko kokha theka la nkhondoyo; muyenera kudziŵanso mmene mungawatetezere.

  1. Chikalata chophwanya: Sungani zolembedwa za kuchitiridwa nkhanza kulikonse kapena kusaweruzidwa kwa mlomo, kuphatikizapo masiku, maina, mboni, ndi kulankhulana kulikonse ndi akuluakulu a boma.
  2. Funani uphungu wa lamulo: Malamulo 14 Owonjezera ngovuta ndipo amafunikira kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa lamulo lokhudza ufulu wa anthu. Pezani loya woimira ufulu wa anthu kapena gulu lalamulo ngati simutha kugula loya.
  3. File dandaulo: Kuswa malamulo kochuluka kungachitidwe kupyolera mwa mabungwe a boma. Mwachitsanzo, tsankho la ntchito linganenedwe ku Secundation Accounting Opportunity Commission (EOC), ndi tsankho la maphunziro ku Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro ya Ufulu wa Chibadwire.
  4. Kalingaliridwe ka kulakwa: [[FLT :1] Ngati mankhwala auyang'anira alephera, mungalembe mlandu pa Thet 42 U.S.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  5. [[FLT: 0] Khalanibe odziŵitsidwa: Kumasulira kwa Khoti Lalikulu kwa Kusintha kwa Kusintha kwa Zakumwa za 14 patapita nthaŵi. Tsatirani magwero odalirika onga Legal Information Institute [ kaamba ka kukonzanso lamulo la milandu.

Kumaliza

Demetrition ya 14 ndi chitetezero cha moyo chimene chimateteza banja lanu ku zochita za boma zopanda lamulo ndi tsankho. Kuteteza kwake kofanana kwa Claus kumatsimikizira kuti malamulo amagwira ntchito mofanana kwa onse, mosasamala kanthu za makulidwe. Malo ake a Active Procesme amatsimikizira kuti mukhoza kuchitiridwa zinthu mwachilungamo ndi kuteteza ufulu wofunika kwambiri umene umapangitsa moyo wa banja kukhala wotheka. Ukwati, ubale, ufulu, ndi ubwenzi. Pamene kuli kwakuti kulimba kwa makhoti akupitirizabe kupangidwa ndi makhoti [1] Ndipo nthaŵi zina kutsutsana kotsutsana ndi kumakhala ndi lonjezo: Boma silingakuchitireni monga munthu woyenerera ulemu, ndi kulingana. Kumvetsa zimenezi kumakupatsani mphamvu kuti muwateteze, osati kokha kwa ana anu ndi anthu ena.