Njira Yokopa Anthu M’njira Yololeka: Chitsogozo Chochititsa Chidwi

Pamene khoti lipereka chiweruzo chomaliza, mlandu suthera pamenepo nthaŵi zonse. Dongosolo la zamalamulo limapatsa njira ya wolakwa amene anafera pamlandu kuti apemphe chigamulo chapamwamba. Njira imeneyi, yodziŵika monga kuchonderera, ndi maziko a dongosolo la chiweruzo, olinganizidwira kuwongolera zolakwa, kutsimikizira kuti ndi kusunga kusasintha kwa lamulo. Kumvetsetsa njira ya apilo si nkhani yotopetsa kokha kwa akatswiri a zamalamulo komanso kwa munthu aliyense kapena bizinesi yophatikizidwa m'kufufuza. Nkhaniyi imapereka kupenda kwa kuyandikira kwa njira ya apilo, kuphatikizapo masitepe, masamu oloŵetsedwa, kukambitsirana koyenerera, ndi zimene zimachitika pambuyo pa malamulo a khoti.

Kodi Nchiyani Chimakopa?

Chikalata chikhale pempho lalamulo kwa khoti lapamwamba kuti lipende ndi kusintha chigamulo cha khoti laling'ono. Ndilo logamula kuti pakhale zolakwika zapakhoti. Khoti la apulofesala silimva umboni watsopano kapena umboni. Mmalomwake, limapenda mbiri ya kuzenga mlandu , kuonetsa, ndi kutseguka kwa zinthu, ndi kugamula / kuti kaya zolakwa zalamulo zachitika zimene zinakhudzana ndi zotsatira zake. Chipanicho sichingamve umboni watsopano kapena umboni. M’malo mwake, chimafufuza za mlanduwo , ndipo chigawenga ndi gulu lotsutsalo ndi [FL:] [FLT:] [FLD] [F:] [oct5] (kapena chigamu chivomerezo). Chilengezo chachi chikhoza kuperekedwa ndi malamulo a anthu aupandu. Ngakhale kuti chigamu.

Mabungwe Opereka Chilango

Ku United States, njira ya appellate ili ndi milingo iŵiri: makhoti a appellate (kaŵirikaŵiri otchedwa Bwalo la Apilo) ndi khoti lapamwamba kwambiri (kaŵirikaŵiri Khoti Lapamwamba). Milandu yambiri imachokera ku khoti lozenga mlandu mpaka ku khoti lapakati. Ndi ochepa okha amene amapititsidwa ku bwalo lapamwamba, limene limakhala ndi mlandu (inde, likufuna kumvetsera). Kumvetsa khoti limene lili ndi sitepe loyamba m’kachitidwe. Mwachitsanzo, khoti la boma lopempha kuti lipite ku bwalo lamilandu la U. S. Makhoti a apilo a apilo, ndipo kenaka amayendera khoti la Supt .

Njira Zofunika Pokopa Anthu

Kujambula Nkhani za Chipempho

Chikalatachi chiyenera kuikidwa pa nthawi yoikika pa nthawi yoikika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri masiku 30 kuchokera pamene chigamulo chomaliza chikaweruzidwa m’khoti la boma, koma n’kufupika m'mayiko ena (m’chitsanzo, masiku 10-15 a kutumiza malamulo). Kupanda nthawi imeneyi n’kutha; ufulu wokachita apilo kuyenera kutayika kwamuyaya. Chikalatacho chiyenera kudziŵikitsa chigamulo chimene chaperekedwa ndi khoti limene laperekedwa. Maboma ena amafunanso kulipirira ndalama zoperekera ndi ntchito pa mabungwe onse.

Kulemba ndi Kusonkhanitsa Nkhani

Atalemba chikalatacho, wolemba mlanduyo ayenera kulamula kuti mlanduwo ukhale wolondola. Nkhani za apilo imaphatikizapo zikalata zonse zoikidwa m'khoti, zionetsero, ndi CD. Cholembedwa chimenechi chimatumizidwa ku khoti la audole ndipo chimatumikira monga maziko okha opendera. Wolembayo ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wotsimikizira kuti nkhanizo zalembedwa zakwanira ndi zolondola. Zolakwika kapena zophophonya m’zolembedwazo zingakhale maziko a kuthamangitsa kapena kutsimikizira.

Kupereka Mayeso Achidule

Ziganizo zachidule zolembedwa za lamulo zimene zimafotokoza chifukwa chake chigamulo cha khotilo chiyenera kusinthidwa, kutsimikiziridwa, kapena kusinthidwa. Kutchula kwachidule kwa woweruzayo kwatchula zolakwa za lamulo, kutchula lamulo lokhudza nkhani ndi malamulo, ndi kufotokoza mmene zolakwazo zimakondera mlanduwo. Buku lachidule la appellee, likutsutsa kuti khoti lozenga mlandulo linali lolondola kapena kuti linalakwitsa kulikonse. Wolemba nkhaniyo angapereke mayankho mwachidule.

4. Kukangana Kwapakamwa

Chigomeko cha mawu ndi chisonyezero chapadera pamaso pa gulu la oweruza oweruza . Oweruza atatu m'makhoti apakati. Mbali iriyonse imagawiridwa nthaŵi yaifupi (kaŵirikaŵiri 15-30 mphindi) kupereka mfundo zazikulu ndi kuyankha mafunso a oweruza. Nkhani za mawu sindizo kubwerera kwa mawu achidule; ndimwaŵi wa woweruzayo kukambirana ndi nkhani zalamulo zocholoŵana. Oweruza kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsira ntchito kufotokoza kwa pakamwa kuyesa malire a zigomeko ndi kupenda matanthauzo ake. Pamene kuli kwakuti nkhani zonse za m’kamwa sizikugamulidwa pa mfundo zongopeka zokhazo), pamene zina ziloledwa, zingakhale chochititsa chachikulu.

5. Chigamulo cha Khoti Loweruza

Pambuyo popenda zolembedwa, ziganizo, ndi mikangano ya pakamwa, khotilo limapereka lingaliro lolembedwa. Chigamulocho chingakhale chogwirizana kapena chogaŵikana (ndi malingaliro otsutsana kapena opezeka). Khoti lingachitepo zinthu zingapo:

  • Kutsimikizira [1] – kuchirikiza chigamulo cha khoti lozenga mlandu.
  • Kubwezera kumbuyo – kugwetsa chigamulo cha khoti.
  • [[ML:0] Kusintha [1] – kusintha mbali ya chiweruzo.
  • Remand – kutumiza mlanduwo ku khoti la mlandu kaamba ka zokambirana zowonjezereka zogwirizana ndi lingalirolo.

M’nkhani zina, khoti lingagwirizanitse kugaŵikana ndi kubwezedwanso, kulamula kuzenga mlandu kwatsopano kapena kupeza mfundo zina. Gulu lolepheralo likhoza kufunafuna kupenda kowonjezereka ndi khoti lapamwamba (m’chitsanzo, pempho la certiorari ku Khoti Lapamwamba la United States).

Mitundu ya Zokopa

Kumvetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu ogula zinthu kumathandiza kuti akonze njira yochitira zinthu ndi kukwaniritsa zimene akuyembekeza.

Zilengezo Zachindunji

Chilengezo chachindunji ndicho chikalata chochokera ku chigamulo chomaliza cha khoti lozenga mlandu. Imeneyi ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri. Gulu lokopa limatsutsa zotsatira zake zomaliza, kutchula zolakwa zalamulo pa mlanduwo. Kuchonderera kwachindunji kulipo kovomerezeka m'mayiko ambiri (kutanthauza khoti la apellate liyenera kumva mlanduwo).

Kukopa kwa Oloŵera M’gulu

Chikalata cha apilo cha lamulo chaperekedwa chiweruzo chomaliza chisanaloŵe. Izi zimaloledwa kokha m’mikhalidwe yochepa, monga ngati pamene khoti lozenga mlandu lipereka chilolezo cha lamulo ndi khoti lolamulira. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo malamulo opereka kapena kukana malamulo oyambirira, kapena malamulo okhudza kutetezera ufulu. Chifukwa chakuti kuchonderera kokhudza kuweruza kumasokoneza njira yozenga mlandu, iwo amasayanjidwa ndipo amafuna kusonyezedwa kuti akonzeketsedwe kapena kuti aike nkhani yapadera ya lamulo.

Kukopa Kochenjera

M’makhoti ena, makamaka khoti lalikulu koposa la boma, silili loyenera. Khoti lili ndi ufulu wosankha milandu imene ingamvedwe malinga ndi kufunika kwa mlandu wa lamulo, mikangano ya makhoti aang’ono, kapena tanthauzo la dziko. Mwachitsanzo, khoti Lapamwamba la United States limapereka pafupifupi 1.2% ya mapempho a beretoria. Chikalata cha khoti la logamula chimafunikira kulembetsa chikalata chofotokoza chifukwa chake mlanduwo uli woyenerera kupendedwa.

Mapilo

Pamene chipani chimodzi chapempha, chipani chotsutsanacho chingaike chikalata chotsutsa mbali za chiweruzo chimene chinawatsutsa, ngakhale ngati anapambana pang'ono. Maappal a mtanda ayenera kuikidwa m'nyengo imodzi ndi mlingo wofanana ndi chilengezo choyambirira. Amalola mbali zonse ziŵiri kufunafuna kuwongolera zolakwa popanda kuyembekezera pempho loyamba kuti lithetsedwe.

Malo Ochitira Chikopa: Kodi Mungakope Bwanji?

Kupempha si mwayi wokambirana mfundo zenizeni kapena kuvomereza zimene munthu wanena chifukwa chakuti ndi mlandu wokhawo umene wachitika.

  • Zolakwa za m'malemba – e.g., kuvomereza kosayenera kwa umboni, malangizo a juli olakwika, kapena kukondera kwa woweruza.
  • Atsatiri a lamulo – e. kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa lamulo kapena muyezo walamulo.
  • Umboni wosakwanira – chigamulocho nchosemphana kwambiri ndi umboni wakuti palibe juli yomveka imene ikanafikira pa chigamulo chimenecho.
  • Khalidwe – e.m., kusadziletsa, loya wa khalidwe loipa, kapena kusachita bwino kwa maloya.
  • Thandizo losagwira ntchito la uphungu – (m'milandu yaupandu) kumene uphungu wodzitetezera unatsika muyezo wa cholinga cha kulolera ndi kukondera woimbidwa mlandu.

Mofunika, wotsutsayo ayenera kukhala atadzutsa nkhani m’bwalo lamilandu (mwa chitsutso kapena kachitidwe) kuisunga kuti ikhale ya apilo. Kulephera kutetezera nkhaniyo kungaichotseretu.

Kuganizirana Kofunika Kochita Zinthu Zokopa

Nthaŵi Nzochepa Kwambiri Ndiponso Nzosakwanira

Malamulo alionse amakhazikitsa nthaŵi yeniyeni yolembera chilengezo cha apilo. M'milandu yachiŵeniŵeni, ndi masiku 30 kuchokera pamene chigamulo chinayamba. Makhoti ena amalola kokha masiku 10 kaamba ka mitundu ina ya malamulo. Malamulo ameneŵa ali olamulira, kutanthauza khoti la audole alibe mphamvu yowawonjezera. Zotsatira zapambuyo pake za kuchotsedwa. Nkofunika kwambiri kufunsira malamulo oyenera mwamsanga pambuyo pa chiweruzo choipa.

Muyezo wa Kupenda

Makhoti ofufuza amatsatira miyezo yosiyanasiyana ya kubwereramo malinga ndi nkhani. Mafunso a lamulo amapendedwanso ndi chivo ([FLT: 0]] (khoti la appellate silimalola khoti lozenga mlandu). Kupeza mfundo kumapendedwa kaamba ka [[[FLT:]] 2] kuphophonya koonekeratu kwambiri [kapena kuti n’kofunika kwambiri]). Zosankha zanzeru (m. g., ngati kuperekabe kupitiriza) zimakonzedwanso kaamba ka [[FLT: 4.] kugwiritsa ntchito kwa luntha . Kumvetsetsa muyezo wa kupenda ndiko kofunika kaamba ka mikangano yokopa.

Kubisa Masewera Ochititsa Chidwi

Mapilo ali opangidwa kwambiri ndipo amasiyana ndi machitidwe a kuzenga. Oimira milandu ambiri alibe maluso apadera ofunikira kaamba ka kupambana ndi kulephera. Loya waluso amamvetsetsa kusiyanitsa kwa kufupika, kutsutsana kwa mawu, ndi malamulo a procedro. Iwo angapeze zophophonya zosungidwa, zigomeko za lamulo zokakamiza, ndi kuyang'anira zolembedwa. Chithunzi cha Legal chingakhale kusiyana pakati pa kupambana ndi kutaya chipempho. Perekani loya amene ali ndi loyansidwa ndi pepala lolembedwa m'lamulo kapena ali ndi cholembedwa cha chipambano cha aultlella.

Mtengo wa Kukopa

Zipilo zingakhale zokwera mtengo. Zotayika zimaphatikizapo ndalama zolipirira makhoti, kukonza mapepala (kaŵirikaŵiri zikwi za madola), kusindikiza ndi kusungitsa mapepala achidule, ndi kulipirira loya. M'nkhani zachiŵeniŵeni, woperekayo angafunikirenso kutumiza ludzu la [kugwirizana (kaŵirikaŵiri kulingana ndi mlingo wa chiweruzo) kusungitsa chiŵeruzo panthaŵi ya apilo. Magawo ayenera kuyesa mapindu othekera polimbana ndi mtolo. M'nkhani zina, chigamulo kapena kukambirana kwachibalo kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri.

Zolakwa Zofala pa Zochita Zabwino

Ngakhale mankhwala ovuta kwambiri amalakwitsa zinthu zimene sakugwirizana nazo.

  • Kulimba mtima kusunga nkhani pozengedwa mlandu – popanda choletsa chapanthaŵi yake, nkhaniyo imachotsedwa.
  • Kusintha nthaŵi yapasadake – Imeneyi ndi kutayikiridwa kwadzidzidzi.
  • Cholembedwa chokwanira kapena chosalondola – Khoti la apulofesala silingalingalire mfundo zosakhala zolembedwa.
  • Mofala kwambiri analembetsa mifuno [[FLT: 1] – Kusagwirizana, kusoŵa mawu, kapena kulephera kulongosola muyezo wa kubwereramo.
  • Kulingalira pa mikangano yeniyeni – makhoti ofufuza ogonjera ku zopezedwa zenizeni; kutsutsa nsonga kaŵirikaŵiri kuli kopanda pake.
  • Kutsutsa chiphunzitso cholakwika chosavulaza – Ngakhale ngati cholakwa chinachitika, wolemba mapepalayo ayenera kusonyeza kuti chinayambukira chotulukapo.

Pempho: Kodi Chimachitika N’chiyani?

Ngati wodandaulayo wataya chipemphocho, iwo angafune kubwereranso ku bwalo lapamwamba lamilandu (mjere, boma lapamwamba kapena Khoti Lapamwamba la United States). Ngati kulibe kapena kulikana, chiweruzo chingakhale chomaliza, ndipo gulu lotchuka lingachichirikize. Ngati apapa apambana, mlanduwo ungabwezeretsedwenso kaamba ka mlandu watsopano, kusintha chiŵeruzo, kapena kuchotsedwa. M'milandu ina yaupandu, apilo yachipambano ingatsogolere ku chigamulo chochepetsedwa kapena kuzengedwa kwatsopano. , magulu angafufuzenso kukambirana kwa anthu kapena kuyankha kwa nkhani.

Njira Zina Zokopa

Si chiweruzo chilichonse choipa chimene chimafuna kukopa anthu kwambiri.

  • Tsala la mabwalo a milandu [[FLT :1] ] – monga ngati kuyendera chiweruzo mosasamala kanthu za chiweruzo kapena kuyendera kuzenga kwatsopano.
  • Kukambirana [[FLT :1] – kuthetsera nkhaniyo popanda kuwonjezera.
  • Kusintha kapena kusanthula – kaŵirikaŵiri kufunidwa ndi pangano kapena lamulo la khoti.
  • Mawrits odabwitsa kwambiri [1] – monga mandamus kapena chiletso, chogwiritsiridwa ntchito m'mikhalidwe yachilendo pamene apilo silili lokwanira.

Kukambirana ndi loya mwamsanga kungakuthandizeni kusankha njira yabwino yopita kutsogolo.

Kumaliza

Chikalata cha apilo ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya malamulo, kupereka mayeso pa milandu yozengedwa mlandu ndi kulimbikitsa kuvomerezana m'lamulo. Pamene kuli kwakuti njira yochokera ku kulembetsa chilengezo cha apilo ndi kulandira malamulo ofunsira ingakhale yaitali ndi yokwera mtengo, kumvetsetsa masitepe, maziko, ndi mayeso oyenerera angapatse mphamvu zopangira zosankha za chidziŵitso. Kaya muli m'nkhani, wophunzira, kapena katswiri walamulo, kudziŵa malamulo ofunika a kufunsira, nkofunika. Kuti mudziŵe malamulo atsatanetsatane, funsani [[FLT:] Fite-Fredal. [FT] Malamulo opindulitsa a Applective . [FFOL]