Kufunika Kokulirapo kwa Machiritso Ozikidwa pa Chikhalidwe cha Anthu

Kuzungulira United States ndi dziko lonse, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu opinga kuti apeze makampani a zaumoyo panthaŵi yake, otchipa, ndi osamala za thanzi. Zopinga zimenezi sizimangodalira pa kusokonezeka kwa thanzi la anthu. Makampani a zachuma, kusoŵa ndalama, kusoŵa kwa inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo, kusiyana kwa zinenero, ndi kusadalirana kwa mbiri yakale kwa mabungwe a zamankhwala, zonsezo zimathandizira kukulitsa kusagwirizana kwa thanzi la munthu. Nthaŵi zambiri anthu opereka chithandizo cha mankhwala amalephera kufika ku madera ameneŵa, ndipo amasiya popanda chisamaliro chofunika, kuyang'anira matenda osatha, ndi mautumiki amwadzidzidzi. Maprogramungwe a anthu ayamba kukhala othandiza kwambiri, ogwirizana ndi zosamalira zinthu zimenezi mwa kubweretsa chisamaliro kumene anthu amakhalako, ntchito, ndi kusonkhanitsa mautumiki aukhondo, ndi aukhondo, mapangano odzisamaliranso, ndi kuyenderana kwa anthu ambiri.

Kumvetsa Zopinga Zimene Maprogramu a M’deralo Amasokoneza

Kuti timvetse ntchito ya maprogramu a m’chitaganya, choyamba tiyenera kuzindikira zopinga zosiyanasiyana zimene zimalepheretsa anthu kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala.

Zopinga Zomangamanga ndi Zogwirizana ndi Maluso

  • Utali wa kudziko: Kumidzi ndi madera akutali kaŵirikaŵiri alibe zipatala, zipatala, ndi akatswiri, kukakamiza nzika kuyenda mtunda wautali kukasamalira.
  • Tream transportations: Anthu ambiri amatsika kwambiri alibe zoyendera zodalirika kapena zapoyera kuti akafike kuchipatala.
  • Maola a chipatala onyinyiritsidwa: Muyezo wa madesiki 9 mpaka 5 amatsutsana ndi ntchito ndi mathayo abanja, makamaka kwa olandira malipiro olandira pa ola limodzi.
  • Mautumiki opimidwa: Odwala kaŵirikaŵiri ayenera kuchezera malo ambiri kaamba ka chisamaliro chachikulu, ntchito ya arebi, ndi kufunsa kwapadera, kupanga zopinga za pulogalamu.

Zopinga za Ndalama ndi Inshuwalansi

  • Ndalama zokwera kwambiri zochokera ku mapepala okongola: Ngakhale anthu ovunda amayang'anizana ndi zopinga, malipiro, ndi ndalama zimene zingaletse kufunafuna chisamaliro.
  • Mipata ya kusoŵa: Mamiliyoni adakali osatetezereka kapena osalembedwa, makamaka m'madera amene sanawonjezere Medicaid.
  • Ndalama zobisika: Malipiro otayika, zowonongedwa za ana, ndi mtengo wa kalembera zimawonjezera ku mtolo wa ndalama wa kupeza chisamaliro.

Zopinga za Chikhalidwe ndi Zaumwini

  • Language ndi kuwerenga zaumoyo: Olankhula Chingelezi ndi anthu amene sadziwa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga kwambiri kuti adziwe bwino zachipatala komanso kuti amvetse malangizo a zachipatala.
  • Mikisquty of projekiti: Kusankhana kwa mbiri ndi machitachita osayenera ofufuza zapangitsa kusakhulupirirana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu a mafuko ndi mafuko aang'ono, makamaka Akuda ndi Aninkweni.
  • Stigma ndi kuopa thanzi la maganizo: kuopa chiweruzo kumalepheretsa ambiri kufunafuna chisamaliro cha thanzi la maganizo, mankhwala, kapena matenda a kubereka.

Maprogramu a m’chitaganya ali oyenerera kuthetsera zopinga zochuluka zimenezi chifukwa chakuti amapangidwa ndi ziyambukiro kuchokera ku chitaganya chimene amatumikira ndi kugwira ntchito m’malo mwa kuchititsa zithunzithunzi za kunja.

Mmene Maprogramu a M’chitaganya Amalankhulira ndi Odziŵa Zaumoyo wa Anthu

Bungwe la World Health Organization limamasulira kuti kuletsa anthu kukhala ndi thanzi (SDOH) ndi mikhalidwe imene anthu amabadwira, kukula, kukhala ndi moyo, ntchito, ndi msinkhu.

Kukhazikika kwa Chuma

Maprogramu amene amagwirizanitsa odwala ku chithandizo cha ntchito, kupereka uphungu wa zandalama, chithandizo cha chakudya, ndi chuma cha m’nyumba amachotsa zitsenderezo za mwamsanga zachuma zimene zinatsekereza kufunafuna kwa thanzi. Mwachitsanzo, antchito a zaumoyo a m’chitaganya (CHWS) kaŵirikaŵiri amatsegulira odwala kuti asapeze chakudya chokwanira ndi kuwalembetsa m'maprogramu a SNAP, panthaŵi imodzi kuwongolera chakudya ndi kuchotsa zofunika zapanyumba kaamba ka mankhwala. Kufufuza kofalitsidwa mu [[FLT:] [[FLT:]] Affth Affart Affars anapeza kuti odwala ochepera olandira chakudya cha m'chipatala amaŵerenga mautumiki a chipatala ochepetsedwa ndi 25% (onani FLD:2] Affsurgetics Affalots .

Kupeza Maphunziro ndi Ubwino

Makampani a zaumoyo operekera ku malo osungirako anthu, matchalitchi, ndi masukulu amakonzekeretsa anthu kudziŵa za chisamaliro chakuteteza, matenda osatha, ndi pamene akufuna chithandizo cha mankhwala. Maprogramu amene aphatikiza anthu odziŵa zaumoyo m'makalasi a achikulire asonyezedwa kuwonjezera kupima kansa ndi kuchepetsa maulendo a zangozi. Bungwe la United States Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) limapereka ndalama zothandizira kuchirikiza njira zophunzitsa (onani [FLT: 0] HRASA [FLD:1] kaamba ka maphunziro a zaumoyo wa anthu ambiri).

Kupeza Thanzi Ndiponso Ubwino

Zipatala zapamanja, masukulu, ndi maprogramu a zachipatala othandizira anthu ovutika amaperekera mwachindunji chithandizo m'malo osavuta. Maprogramu ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amachotsa kufunika kwa zoyendera ndi kupereka ndalama zopitira kutsogolo kapena chisamaliro chaulere. Zipatala za chipatala cha Mobile Zaumoyo ku University of Virginia zimatsanzira mphamvu ya zipatala za magetsi m’dziko lonselo; chidziŵitso chawo chimasonyeza nthaŵi zonse kuti maprogramu ameneŵa amachepetsa kupeŵedwa kwa zipatala ndi chipinda changozi pakati pa odwala odwala matenda aakulu (onani kuti ] Mapu ya za umoyo wa anthu a m'mapaipi wa m'mapapo.

Kuyandikana ndi Anthu Ena Ndiponso Malo Okhala

Maprogramu amene amachirikiza njira zaukhondo, kupezeka ku mapaki, ndi masitolo a chakudya chabwino amawongolera malo akuthupi amene amaumba makhalidwe aumoyo a anthu. Zochita za m'maluŵa ndi alimi & 8817; maprogramu otsimikizira za msika ndi zitsanzo za kuloŵerera kwa anthu omwe amathandizira kupeza chakudya ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu.

Malo a Chikhalidwe ndi Mgwirizano wa Anthu

Kudzipatula ndi kusoŵeka kwa chithandizo cha anthu ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za thanzi lofooka. Maprogramu a chitaganya amapanga madongosolo a ogwirizana ndi anzawo, magulu ochirikiza, ndi madongosolo a oyendetsa ndege oleza mtima amene amalimbikitsa kugwirizana kwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, Paratient Navigator Program pa American Cancer Society imaphunzitsa oyendetsa sitima zapamsewu kuti atsogolere odwala powasamalira, kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa pakati pa chisamaliro cha kansa (onani zotsatirapo [FL: 0] American Cancer Society Patient Navigator Program [1]

Mitundu Yofunika ya Maprogramu a M’derali ndi Mmene Amagwirira Ntchito

Kumvetsetsa maprogramu a chitaganya kumathandiza opanga malamulo ndi osungitsa ndalama kusankha chitsanzo chabwino cha nkhani yonse.

Machipatala a Zaumoyo a M’manja

Makiniki a galimoto ndi mawilo amene kwenikweni amapita kumadera, sukulu, malo ogona, ndi malo antchito. Amapereka chisamaliro chachikulu, katemera, kupima matenda osatha (m’chitsanzo, BP, matenda a shuga), mautumiki a zaumoyo a amayi, ndi chisamaliro cha mano. Kuthandiza kwa malo ndi utumiki wa tsiku limodzi sikumachepetsa kwambiri kuonetsedwa. Maprogramu ena a m’galimoto ndi mafakitale ndi ma shaki a kumaloko kuti apereke mankhwala. Chipatala chimodzi cha chipatala cha m'galimoto chikhoza kuthandiza odwala 2,000,000 chaka chilichonse.

Antchito ya Zaumoyo wa Anthu (CHWS) ndi Ochirikiza Kufunafuna Zakudya

Ma CHW ndi ziŵalo zodalirika za chitaganya zimene zimagwira ntchito monga milatho pakati pa odwala ndi dongosolo la zaumoyo. Zimapereka maphunziro a zaumoyo aluso, zimathandiza odwala kulinganiza, kuthandiza kulembetsa inshuwalansi, ndi kupereka chithandizo chotsatira. Makampani a zaumoyo akhala achipambano kwambiri m'magulu a Latino ndi Inoval. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) adalemba mokulira za mphamvu ya maprogramu a CHW m’kusamalira matenda osachiritsika ndi kuwongolera chisamaliro chakuteteza (onani CDC pa Community Health Workers Office [FLD:1]).

Malo Osamalira Thanzi Ozikidwa pa Sukulu (SBHCs)

SBHC imabweretsa chisamaliro choyamba, uphungu wa zathanzi, ndi maphunziro a zaumoyo mwachindunji ku masukulu. Amachotsa zopinga zonga zoyendera ndi mandandanda a ntchito ya makolo, ndipo amapereka malo ozoloŵereka, osasintha kwa achichepere. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti sukulu za ABHC zimaona kuti kupezekapo kwabwino, kuchepetsa makhalidwe owopsa, ndi maphunziro abwinopo chifukwa cha kuwongolera thanzi ndi maganizo. Sukulu ya Thanzi la Thanzi la Umoyo imapereka chidziŵitso cha dziko ndi kugaŵira ziŵiya zoyatsira malo ameneŵa (onani kuti [[FLT:]]School-Lived Health Alliance [FLD:1]).

Kusamalira Malo Okongola ndi Malo Osungirako

Mliri wa Chovid-19 unayamba, koma makompyuta akugaŵikanabe. Mapulogalamu a chigawo cha anthu akutsekera malowa popereka malo osungiramo mabuku a anthu onse, malo osungirako mabuku, ndiponso ngakhale malesitilanti a chakudya ofulumira. Odwala angalowe m'chipinda chaokha ndi kamera ndi namwino kapena womasulira kuti athandize kuyendera. Mapulogalamu amtundu umenewu amawonjezera luso lakupitira kumadera akumidzi popanda kufuna kuti nyumba iliyonse ikhale ndi malo autali.

Zoyendera ndi Zoyendera

Maprogramu ena amapereka magalimoto oyendera, makampani odzifunira oyendetsa galimoto, kapena mapangano ndi maulamuliro a zaulendo akumaloko kupereka zoyendera zaulere kapena zapansi kuchipatala. Ena amapita patsogolo mwa kupereka ulendo wopita ku malo oyendera amene amayendera limodzi ndi mapangano, kuthandiza ndi mapepala, ndi kutsata telefoni.

Kugwirizana kwa Chikhulupiriro ndi Gulu la Anthu

Matchalitchi, mizikiti, akachisi, ndi malo osungirako anthu ndi odalirika kwambiri kumene anthu angaonere zaumoyo, kutsekereza katemera, ndi maphunziro.

Mapindu Oyelekezela ndi Kuyambukiridwadi kwa Dziko

Kugwira ntchito kwa maprogramu a chitaganya sikuli kopanda malire; umboni wochuluka umasonyeza kuwongolera kowonekera m’zotulukapo za umoyo, kuwonongetsa ndalama zosungidwa, ndi chikhutiro cha wodwala.

  • Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa dipatimenti kwangozi: Programu zimene zimapereka chisamaliro chachikulu ndi kuyang'anira za ogulitsa magalimoto apamwamba zingachepetse maulendo a ED ndi 30-50% m’chaka chimodzi.
  • Kusintha kwa kuletsa matenda osatha: Kuloŵerera kwa CHW kwa matenda a shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa mwazi nthaŵi zonse kumapanga shuga wa m'magazi ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mwazi poyerekeza ndi chisamaliro chapadera chokha.
  • Milingo yapamwamba ya katemera: zipatala zonyamulira ndi ndawala zozikidwa pa chitaganya zimapangitsa mlingo wa kuulutsa umene umafanana ndi zipatala zamwambo, makamaka m'milingo yamphamvu.
  • Kufufuza kothandiza: A 2019 ndi RAND Corporation inapeza kuti pa K10,000 iliyonse yoikizidwa m'maprogramu a zaumoyo a anthu, $2.47 imasungidwa m'zopereka zaumoyo kwa nyengo ya zaka zitatu.
  • Kukhutiritsa ndi kukhutiritsa kwa zopereka: Odwala akusimba kuti amadziwona kukhala olemekezeka ndi omvetsetsa pamene chisamaliro chikuperekedwa m'malo a mudzi, ndipo opereka amayamikira kutsika kwa ziŵerengero zoonetsera ndi kumamatira kowongoleredwa bwino.

Kugonjetsa Mavuto a Ntchito Zothandiza Anthu

Ngakhale kuti ntchito ya anthu a m’deralo ndi yodziŵika bwino, ntchito zawo zimakumana ndi mavuto amene amawononga moyo wawo ndiponso kuchepa kwa zinthu.

Kupeza Ndalama ndi Kusamalira Ndalama

Maprogramu ambiri a chitaganya amadalira pa ndalama zothandizira anthu, zopereka zaphindu, kapena mapangano a boma amene satsimikiziridwa chaka ndi chaka. Maprogramu ochepa ngoyenerera kaamba ka kupatsidwa ndalama za Medicaid chifukwa sayenerera ndalama zamwambo za mawonekedwe a makompyuta. Opanga malamulo akufufuza njira zonga zoperekera ndalama zoikizira ndalama ndi ziwiya za Medicaid chigawo 1115 zolola maprogramu a chitaganya kuyendetsa ntchito zofanana ndi kusamalira ndi kuyendetsa ndege. Popanda kuchirikiza, maprogramu a ntchito a pulogalamu akugwira ntchito pamalirethi ya mpeni.

Kugwira Ntchito Mokakamiza ndi Kuisunga

Antchito zaumoyo wa anthu ndi antchito a m’chipatala cha m’deralo kaŵirikaŵiri amalipira ndalama zochepa ndipo sapita patsogolo pantchito. Kupsa ndi ntchito kumakula, makamaka pamene antchito akuchokera ku madera omwe sanawatumikire ndi kuyang'anizana ndi opanikiza ofanana. Kuika ndalama m'mipikisano, kuphunzitsidwa, kulembedwa, ndi kuyang'anira nkofunika. CHW Core Consensus (C3) Project imapereka zikalata zogwirizana ndi makwerero a ntchito (onani ntchito ya [[FLT: 0] Project [FL:1]]

Kugwirizana ndi Kukhulupirika kwa Anthu

Maprogramu amene apangidwa mokhala pansi popanda mfundo za anthu kaŵirikaŵiri amalephera kukopa anthu otenga mbali. Kudalirana kumafuna kukhalako kwa nthaŵi yaitali, kuonekera, ndi kufalikira kwa magulu a mbiri yakale. Maprogramu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabodi othandizira anthu ndi kuchita zofufuza zofunikira nthaŵi zonse kuti atsimikizire kuti nkofunika.

Kusonkhanitsa ndi Kupima Zinthu

Kuthandiza anthu kuti apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, koma mapulogalamu ambiri a anthu alibe luso lolemba zinthu zofunikira kuti apeze zinthu zambiri. Makompyuta a zaumoyo osavuta, ntchito zolembedwa, ndi kugwirizana ndi makampani a zamaphunziro angathandize.

Zopinga za Lamulo ndi Kukhazikitsa Malamulo

Magulu onga National Association of Community Health Centers (NACHC) amagwira ntchito zolimba pa kusintha malamulo a makampani oyendera, ndi ziletso za telephith kudutsa mizera ya boma zingaletse kufutukuka kwa ntchito. Kusintha kwa malamulo pa milingo ya boma ndi boma nkovuta. Magulu onga National Association of Community Health Centers (NACHC) amagwira ntchito zolimba pa kusintha malamulo kuti achirikize chisamaliro cha chitaganya (onani NACCC).

Kufufuza Nkhani: Nkhani za M’munda Zopambana

Chisamaliro cha Zaumoyo cha Programu Yopanda Nyumba – Baltimore, Maryland

Pulogalamu imeneyi imatumiza magalimoto aŵiri a zaumoyo amene amayendera malo ogona opanda nyumba, makhitchini a supu, ndi misasa ku Baltimore masiku asanu pamlungu. Imapereka chisamaliro chachikulu, kusamala zilonda, malangizo a zaumoyo, ndi mankhwala ochiritsira. M’chaka choyamba, programuyi inathandiza anthu 1,200 omwe sanachezerepo ndi mankhwala m’zaka zoposa ziŵiri. Kuchezera m'machipinda opulumukira kwa otengamo ntchitoyo kwa anthu 44%, ndi 78% a odwala odwala matenda aakulu kunawongowongoleredwa. Programmeyi imagwirizanitsanso odwala kuti akhale ndi nyumba yachikhalire kupyolera ndi mzinda wa ̱ imakhala ndi ulamuliro.

Antchito Zaumoyo a m’Gulu la Antchito – Dziko la Navajo

Malo aakulu a dziko la Navajo, kuphatikizapo zipatala zochepa, amapanga kuvuta kwakukulu. Antchito a zaumoyo a Diné, ophunzitsidwa ponse paŵiri m'zamankhwala a kumadzulo ndi kuchiritsa kwa mwambo, amapereka maulendo apanyumba, maphunziro a zaumoyo, ndi kugwirizanitsa kwa telemedicine. Pa zaka zisanu, programu yachepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda a shuga m'chipatala ndi 28% ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kansa poyeza ndi 40%. A CHAW amalankhulanso za matenda a ku Ulaya mwa kuyesa kuti apeze mankhwala a Uranium ndi kupereka zotsa madzi, akuzindikira kuti magwero a madzi oipitsidwa amathandizira ku matenda a impso m’chigawocho.

Maphunziro ndi Ntchito Yoteteza Zaumoyo ku Midzi ya Kum’mawa – Appalachian Kentucky

Matchalitchi a kumaloko, sukulu, ndi njira ya zaumoyo ya m'chigawocho zinapanga maphunziro oyendera a zaumoyo osumikidwa pa thanzi la mtima ndi kansa. Programuyi imapereka mapikishoni amwayi a magazi, makalasi odyetsa, ndi ntchito zathupi m'matauni aang'ono omwe alibe sitolo kapena malo olimbitsa thupi. Otengamo mbali anasonyeza kutsika kwa avareji ya 8 mg/dL mu LDL cholesterol ndi 15% ya kuwonjezereka kwa zipatso za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chakudya cha masamba pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Programmeyi inaphunzitsanso anthu a m'masitolo monga ̴health projests ̵ amene akupitiriza ntchitoyo, akumatsimikizira kuti zinthu zisungidwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Malangizo ndi Zikalata Zolangiza

Maprogramu a kuchuluka kwa anthu kuti afikire anthu onse osasungidwa adzafunikira kuchita mogwirizana ndi osunga thangato m'mbali zonse. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimaphatikizapo:

  • Ndalama zoyendetsera maziko: Congress iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu za chipatala cha m'magalimoto, kuikiza kwa telehealth kiosk, ndi maprogramu ophunzitsa CHW.
  • Kusintha kwa ndalama zobwezeredwa: Kufutukula mautumiki osakhala amwambo onga ngati wodwala, kupima kwa mayanjano, ndi kusamala kungachititse mitsinje ya ndalama yokhazikika.
  • Kugwirizana: Kusinthana chidziŵitso cha zaumoyo chimene chimaphatikizapo pulogalamu ya chitaganya kudzalola kulondola bwino zotulukapo za wodwala m'makonzedwe.
  • Mapangano a kagulu ka opatsirana: Madongosolo a zaumoyo ayenera kukhala ndi maulamuliro a nyumba, mabanki a chakudya, madipatimenti a zoyendera, ndi masukulu kupanga khoka la chitetezo lopanda msoko.
  • Kulamulira kogwirizana: Maprogramu ayenera kulinganizidwira ndi kuyesedwa ndi mfundo zatanthauzo kuchokera kwa anthu amene amatumikira, kutsimikizira kuti zothetsera ziri zoyenera mwachikhalidwe ndi zozikidwa pa kukhulupirirana.

Kumaliza

Maprogramu a chitaganya amaimira kuyankha koyenera, kwachifundo, ndi kogwira mtima ku vuto losatha la kusamala zaumoyo kwa anthu otsala. Mwakulankhula ndi oletsa aumoyo, kuchotsa zopinga za kumanga, ndi maunansi odalirana, njira zimenezi zimapanga kuwongolera koyenera kwa thanzi, zosungira ndalama, ndi chikhutiro chakuleza mtima. Siiwo oloŵa mmalo dongosolo laumoyo wamphamvu, koma ali oyenerera amene angafikire anthu otsala ndi zitsanzo zamwambo. Kusintha kwa malamulo, ndi pangano la chitaganya nkofunika kutsimikizira kuti maprogramu atha kuchirikiza ndi kutsendekera pampata pa zaumoyo.