Chiyambi: Zipilala Zitatu za Unzika

Boma la United States likugwira ntchito pansi pa dongosolo la kugaŵikana kwa maulamuliro, ndi nthambi zitatu zosiyana , zotsogolera, ndi zachiweruzo . Chilichonse cholinganizidwa kuyang'anira ndi kulinganiza zina. Kakonzedweka, koikidwa m'Malamulo, kamatsimikizira kuti palibe munthu mmodzi amene ali ndi ulamuliro weniweni ndi kuti nzika zili ndi njira zambiri zosonyezera nkhaŵa zawo, kufunafuna mapenisi, ndi kusonkhezera malamulo a anthu. Kumvetsetsa mmene nthambi iliyonse imaperekera zidandaulo za nzika sichiri phunziro lothandiza m'malamulo opindulitsa. Kaya mukuyesa kusintha lamulo, ntchito ya boma, kapena kungoiyesa kulowa mu utumiki waponse, kudziŵa kuti ifika pa / ndi mmene imachitira kusiyana pakati pa ntchito yachitukuko.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokozanso mbali zina za maziko a Nyumba ya Ufumu, Pulezidenti, ndi makhoti a boma, zimene zingakuthandizeni kudziwa mmene mungachitire zinthu ndi nthambi iliyonse.

Malamulo a Nthambi: Malamulo Opanga Mafano Oimira

Nthambi ya malamulo, yopangidwa ndi Congress ya United States (Nyumba ya Malamulo ndi Nyumba ya Oimira), ndiyo bungwe lalikulu lopanga malamulo. Ntchito yake yaikulu ndiyo kuimira chifuniro cha anthu ndi kutembenuza nkhaŵa za anthu m'malamulo. Komabe, njirayo siiri yapafupi ndi makomiti, mikangano yapansi, kukambitsirana, ndi chitsenderezo cha maganizo a anthu.

Chithunzi: Mawu Anu M’Nyumba za Mphamvu

Nzika iliyonse imakhala m'chigawo cha msonkhano (Nyumba) ndi boma (Senate). Oimira anu osankhidwa . . Chiŵalo chanu ndi ma Senator aŵiri amapatsidwa ntchito mwalamulo yoimira zikondwerero zanu. Kuimira kumeneku sikumangokhala kwaulesi; kumafuna pangano lamphamvu kwa nzika. Pamene woimirayo alankhula ndi nkhaŵa ya malo okhala kapena lamulo la boma lokhudza mabizinesi aang'ono, kutsata, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kusonkhezera zosankha za woimirayo kapena malamulo a boma.

, imapangidwa kuti ikhale yofala kwambiri pa nkhani za dziko. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti nzika yoderalo ikhoza kupeza anthu ambiri omvetsera m'Nyumba, pamene kuli kwakuti kudera la malonda kapena mayiko ena kungayankhidwe bwino kudzera mwa Sanitor.

Kupangitsa liwu lanu kumva, dziŵitsani oimira anu ogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zonga Kupeza Woimira Wanu ndi . Sawanya. Tsalani uthenga wachidule, waulemu wonena nkhaniyo, chifukwa chake uli ndi ntchito kwa inu, ndi zimene mukupempha. Ofesi amalemba makalata, ma email, mafoni, kuwaimbira foni /

Milandu ya Anthu: Chisumbu cha Town Square of Leasyment

Makomiti a Congress ndi makomiti a bungwe akupereka zigamulo zapoyera kuti apeze umboni wapoyera, amve kwa osunga magome, ndi kusonkhanitsa mfundo kuchokera kwa anthu. Kaŵirikaŵiri kuweruza kumeneku kuli sitepe loyamba lalamulo la lamulo la lamulo la lamulo. Mwachitsanzo, komiti imene ikuganiza za chikalata chosintha ndalama za ophunzira idzaitana mapresidenti a pa yunivesite, akatswiri a zandalama, ophunzira, ndi ochirikiza ogula kupereka umboni. Mayeso amatsegulidwa kwa anthu ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amaulutsidwa pa CPA-SPAN ndi mawebusaiti a komiti.

Nzika zingayambukire mwachindunji kumvetsera mwa kupereka umboni wolembedwa kapena, m'zochitika zina, mwa kupempha kupereka umboni. Magulu a ophunzira kaŵirikaŵiri amathandiza nzika kukonzekera umboni. Ngakhale ngati simuchitira umboni, kumvetsera ndi kuonerera zochitikazo kumakupatsani chidziŵitso cha mmene nkhaŵa zanu zikukayikidwira. Kuwonjezerapo, makomiti kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga nyengo za ndemanga zapoyera [[FLT:] pa malamulo olinganizidwa [1] njira imene yakhala yofunika kwambiri monga pa Intaneti yosavuta kugonjera.

Utumiki Wothandiza Anthu Olimbana ndi Anzawo: Kukhazikitsa Ulamuliro wa Augariya

Mwinamwake njira yachindunji kwambiri imene nthambi ya malamulo imasamalira nzika za boma ndiyo mautumiki othandizira anthu a boma , odziŵikanso kukhala oweruza. Chiŵalo chilichonse cha Congress chimasunga maofesi a chigawo limodzi kapena ambiri olembedwa ndi antchito a zaudindo. Ogwira ntchito ameneŵa amathandiza kuthetsa nkhani ndi mabungwe a boma: miyezi yoyembekezera kaamba ka mapindu, kuvutikira kwa okulira kulembetsa mu Medicare, mwini wabizinesi wamng'ono kufunsira SBA kobwereka, kapena banja loyang'ana kuchedwa kwa paulendo.

Ogwira ntchito akugwira ntchito monga magwirizanitsa, kutumiza bungwe loyenerera pa inu ndi kugwiritsira ntchito kulemera kwa ofesi ya bungwe la oimira kudula tepi yofiira. Utumiki umenewu uli waulere ndipo uli wopezeka kwa gulu lirilonse, mosasamala kanthu za mmene iwo anavotera. Kufikira, itanani ofesi ya chigawo ya nthumwi yanu ndi kupempha kulankhula ndi gulu la mautumiki. Khalani okonzekera kupereka malongosoledwe achidule a nkhaniyo, nkhani iliyonse yoyenera kapena manambala a zilozero, ndi mtundu wachinsinsi (kaŵiri mbali yovomerezeka ya dongosololo). Imeneyi ndi imodzi ya ziŵiya zamphamvu kwambiri kwa nzika za nzikazo.

Kupyola pa kuchitika kwa mlandu, nthambi ya malamulo imasamaliranso za dongosolo la zinthu kupyolera mu Government Accounsement (GAO) , imene imafufuza maprogramu a boma pa pempho la Congress. Malipoti a GAO kaŵirikaŵiri amatsogolera ku kusintha kwa malamulo.

Nthambi Yotsogolera: Kutsatira Malamulo ndi Kuvomereza Matenda

Nthambi yapamwamba, yotsogozedwa ndi Pulezidenti, iri ndi thayo la kukhazikitsa malamulo operekedwa ndi Congress ndi kuyendetsa maprogramu a boma. Ndi nthambi yaikulu koposa mogwirizana ndi antchito, madipatimenti monga Health ndi Human Services, Defense, ndi Education, limodzinso ndi mabungwe odziimira okha monga Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ndi Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Nzika zimachita ndi nthambi ya akuluakulu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku, pompasito, pompa, mapaki a dziko, ndi malamulo a boma.

Zimene Zingayambitse: Agenda Aikidwa m’Nyumba Yoyera

Pulezidenti amakhazikitsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za dziko kudzera m'malamulo, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amandandalitsidwa m'malangizo a kaunti ya Union , kugawiridwa kwa ndalama za bajeti ya pachaka, ndi mapulani a akuluakulu a kampani. Kuyesayesa kumeneku kumasonyeza nkhaŵa zazikulu za nzika monga ngati zoyambitsidwa ndi ma adviser a Pulezidenti, kusanthula, ndi gulu la anthu otchuka. Mwachitsanzo, Afford Care Act adachokera kwa Pulezidenti Obama Act ya pangano la pulogalamu ya kukamba nkhani ya za zaumoyo, zimene zinakula ndi nkhaŵa yaikulu ya anthu ponena za ndalama zokwera ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu a ku America.

Nzika zingasonkhezere mwachindunji njira zimenezi mwa kutengamo mbali m'malongosoledwe apoyera pa malamulo olingaliridwa, kulembera ku White House, kapena kuchitapo kanthu kupyolera mwa mapempho ku Nyumba Yamlungu. Zifuno za White. Pamene kuli kwakuti Pulezidenti safunikira mwalamulo kuchitapo kanthu pa mfundo zapoyera, zochirikizidwa, zolinganizidwa, zingasunthe kukambitsirana kwa dziko ndi kukakamiza ulamuliro wa kukhazikitsa nkhani.

Malamulo Otsogolera: Ntchito Yothamanga Pamene Mabungwe Aletsedwa

Malamulo a akuluakulu a boma ndi operekedwa ndi Pulezidenti kuyang'anira ntchito za boma la boma. Iwo amanyamula lamulo koma ali ndi malire ku madera kumene Prezidenti ali kale ndi ulamuliro walamulo kapena wa malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, Pulezidenti Biden anapereka malamulo apamwamba pa kusintha kwa nyengo ndi chithandizo cha ophunzira (amene pambuyo pake anakanthidwa ndi Khoti Lapamwamba). Malamulowa amalola Pulezidenti kukambirana nkhaŵa za mwamsanga [1] monga ngati za zaumoyo wa anthu onse kapena kutsika kwa chuma [1] popanda kuyembekezera chilolezo cha bungwe la akulu.

Kugwiritsira ntchito maoda a akuluakulu kuli lupanga lolimba ŵiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti amatheketsa kuyankha mofulumira ku nkhaŵa za nzika, iwo angagwetsedwenso ndi pulezidenti wotsatira kapena kutokosedwa m'khoti. Nzika zodera nkhaŵa ponena za lamulo la mkulu wina zingalembere oimira kulimbikitsa kachitidwe ka malamulo, kapena kuchirikiza zitokoso zalamulo kupyolera mwa magulu a a aumasiye. Federal Register imatulutsa malamulo onse a akuluakulu, kuwapangitsa kukhala oonekera bwino ndi ofikirika kaamba ka kuyang'aniridwa kwa anthu.

Kuchita Umodzi mwa Umodzi: Nyumba za Matauni, Zolankhulirana za Anthu, ndi Kulamulira kwa Aarhente

Nthambi yapamwamba imagwiritsira ntchito njira zambiri kugwirizana ndi nzika. Nyumba zokhalamo ndi mapulogalamu a anthu onse amapatsidwa ndi Pulezidenti, alembi a Kabinati, ndi akuluakulu a mabungwe [1] makamaka panthaŵi ya mavuto kapena kusintha kwa malamulo. Zochitika zimenezi zimalola Q&A mwachindunji ndi nzika, ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi malire ndi kuyendetsedwa bwino.

Makampani a Federal akonzanso zofalitsa za mayanjano a anthu kukhala chida chosuliza. Ntchito yopanga yopanga malamulo [[FLT:] [panopa] [X] [palino X], yagwiritsidwa ntchito kulengeza malo a boma ndi kutsimikizira zochita za anthu. Mabungwe a Federal amasunga kukhalapo kwa mayanjano kwa mayanjano kuti afalikire chidziŵitso ndi kupempha thandizo. Mofala, [[FLT:]] ndi kulandira ndemanga zaponse, makamaka masiku 30 mpaka 60. Imeneyi ndi njira yamphamvu ya nzika za akatswiri a za za sayansi kapena zopanga zinthu zina zomwe zinakhalako. Zopanga malamulo ngati [FLT: FLD] [FFF: FM]

Ntchito ya Maboma

Pambuyo pa White House, makampani alionse amasamalira nzika kupyolera m'maofesi opatulidwa. Malo a Veterans Affairs ali ndi Office Yodziŵa za Moyo wa Anthu, Sacolic Security Administration [[[FLT: 3] imagaŵira maofesi a m’munda kaamba ka thandizo la mu person, ndi [[FLT:] Consumer Finicial Protection Bureaual Bureaual [ imavomereza madandaulo a za ndalama zopangidwa. Kudziŵa kumene kumayang'anira nkhaŵa yanu yeniyeni ndi mmene angalankhulire ndi oud promords system kapena dongosolo lake nlo liri lovuta kwambiri m'ntchito ya nthambi ya bungwe la oyendetsa ntchito.

Nthambi ya Oweruza: Kumasulira Malamulo ndi Kuteteza Ufulu Wanu

Nthambi yachiweruzo, yopangidwa ndi Bwalo Lapamwamba ndi makhoti a apamwamba, imamasulira malamulo ndi kutsimikizira kuti iwo akugwirizana ndi Malamulo. Imatchula nkhaŵa za nzika mwa kupereka malo othetsera mikangano, kutsutsa machitidwe osaloledwa ndi lamulo, ndi kufunafuna mankhwala othetsera mavuto. Pamene kuli kwakuti kaŵirikaŵiri imaonedwa kukhala nthambi yakutali koposa, ndiyonso yofikirika kwambiri kwa anthu.

Khoti: Kuchokera pa Kufika Pachiweruzo

Nzika zingabweretse milandu ku khoti la boma ngati zili ndi kuimirira [1] [1] kuvulala kwa konkire koyenera kwa woimbidwa mlandu ndi kuthetsedwa ndi khoti. Zimenezi zingaphatikizepo kutsutsa lamulo la boma, kuweruza, kapena kufunafuna chilango cha kuswa ufulu wa anthu. Khoti la boma lili ndi mizere itatu: makhoti a chigawo (milandu), makhoti a m'magawo a apilo, ndi khoti Lapamwamba.

Mwachitsanzo, m'nkhani yotchuka Brown v. Board of Education , Bwalo Lapamwamba linalankhula za kudera nkhaŵa kwa nzika za kusankhana mafuko m’sukulu za anthu. Posachedwapa, Bwalo lamilandu lamva milandu ya za chithandizo cha zaumoyo, kusungitsa lamulo la kusamutsidwa, ndi zoyenera zovota mwa munthu aliyense kapena gulu zimene makhoti aang'ono sakanatha kuthetsera.

Kuti abweretse mlandu, nzika imafunikira loya, ngakhale kuti ilozanti se maoligijiya (womwe waperekedwa) amaloledwa. Makhoti ambiri a boma amapereka malo odzithandizira ndi mafomu ofeŵera a nkhani zofanana monga habeas corpus kapena zopempha zotsutsana ndi boma. Komabe, kachitidwe kachiweruzo kamakhala kochedwa ndi kokwera mtengo, komwe kuli chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amathetsa choyamba kupyola m'nthambi zina.

Kupenda Chiweruzo: Kufufuza Kotheratu pa Mphamvu

Mphamvu ya [[FLT: 0] yopenda [FLT: 1], yokhazikitsidwa m'nkhani [[FLT:] Marbury . Madison , imalola makhoti kuchotsa malamulo kapena zochita za mabwana zimene zimaswa malamulo. Umu ndi mmene jaji imatetezera ufulu wa nzika ku ku kuposedwa ndi nthambi zina. Mwachitsanzo, Khoti Lapamwamba linakantha Pulezidenti Truman ndi lamulo lapamwamba la Truman pankhondo ya Korea ([FLTB:]]] anyamata a pepala la . Coyer . [FLT]) , kutsimikizira kuti m'nthaŵi za mavuto, Pulezidenti wake sangapambane.

Pamene kuli kwakuti kupenda kwachiweruzo kuli chiŵiya champhamvu, kuli kokha kuchitapo kanthu pamene mlandu waperekedwa pamaso pawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nzika ziyenera kufunafuna mwalamulo kupezerapo thandizo ku kuyambitsa cheke imeneyi. Makampani alamulo othandizira anthu, monga [[FLT: 0] Chivomezi chachibadwidwe cha American (ACLU) ndi [FLT] National Association for the Adpitard of Colored People (NACP) Legatence Fund , kaŵirikaŵiri imatenga nkhani zimene zimakhudza masinthidwe aakulu a nzika, kuwonjezera mawu a munthu aliyense payekha.

Kufikira ku Chiweruzo: Kuthetsa Mpata

Chopinga chachikulu pa kugwiritsira ntchito nthambi yachiweruzo n’chofunika. Malipiro a kukonza ndalama, mafashoni, ndi kuvuta kwa malamulo zingaletse nzika kufuna mankhwala. Boma la boma limathandiza Legal Services (LC) , lomwe limathandizira maprogramu alamulo othandizira anthu olandira ndalama zochepa. Maprogramu ameneŵa amathandiza kukhazikitsa mikangano ya nyumba, malamulo otetezera chiwawa m’nyumba, chinyengo cha ogula, ndi mapindu ake.

Mabungwe ambiri a boma amathandizanso mautumiki a pro bono a opareshoni, maloya ongodzipereka okhala ndi nzika zoyenerera. Kuwonjezerapo, makhoti a boma apanga maprojekiti a kupezeka mwa kupereka mapulogalamu a pa Intaneti (PACER), omasulira, ndi malo ogona. Nzika zimene sizingathe kugula loya ziyenera kutumiza ofesi yawo ya boma kapena LawHelp. org / FLT:1] kupeza ndalama zaulere.

Njira ina ndi kuweruza kwa kalasi, kumene mmodzi kapena mapost , amaimira gulu lalikulu la nzika zoyambukiridwa mofanana. Zochita za kalasi iri njira yamphamvu yothetsera nkhaŵa zofalikira . Zonga ngati zinthu zowonongeka, kuipitsa malo okhala, kapena tsankho lantchito popanda kufuna munthu aliyense kujambula suti yosiyana.

Kumaliza: Dongosolo Limene Limathandiza (Ngati Mukudziŵa Kuligwiritsa Ntchito)

Nthambi zitatu za boma la United States zonsezo zimapereka njira zosiyanasiyana, zogwirizana zoperekera zinthu zokhudza nzika. Nthambi ya malamulo imaimira, kumvetsera nkhani za anthu, ndi mautumiki a boma . Nthambi yalamulo imasintha malamulo kapena kuthetsera mavuto a munthu aliyense. Nthambi yapamwamba, mwa malamulo, malamulo a akuluakulu, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo, ikhoza kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudza boma ndi kusamalira ntchito za boma. Nthambi ya khomo, ngakhale kuti ikuchedwa ndi yothandiza kukwaniritsa ufulu walamulo, imalola nzika kutsutsa ntchito zophwanya malamulo ndi kufunafuna chilungamo pa zigawo zonse ziŵiri ndi zigawo za anthu.

Kukhala nzika yogwira mtima kumafuna kudziŵa kuti ndi khomo liti limene mungaloŵemo. Kudera nkhaŵa za ngozi ya malo okhala kungayambire ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a bungwe logamula milandu, ndiyeno kuwonjezereka ku mlandu ngati malamulo sakutsatiridwa. Phindu la wochedwayo lingathetsedwe mofulumira kupyolera m’maofesi a mautumiki, pamene kuswa ufulu wosankha kumakhala koyenera kuchitidwa mwa kuvomereza.

Kupyola njira zalamulo zimenezi, nzika zingawonjezere mawu awo kupyolera m'zofalitsa, mabungwe osapanga phindu, ndi kutengamo mbali m'masankho . Mwakumvetsetsa mmene nthambi iriyonse imagwirira ntchito ndi mmene imagwirira ntchito, mungasandutse lingaliro losatsimikizirika la kugwiritsidwa mwala kukhala kachitidwe kochitidwa ndi . Boma sili kokha; ndi mndandanda wa zida zoyembekezera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi nzika zodziŵa bwino.