Chidziŵitso: Mmene Boma Limasinthira Zinthu Zimene Mumachita Pa tsiku

Zigamulo zopangidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma . zikhoza kukhala m’zipinda za bungwe la boma lanu, m'nyumba ya malamulo, kapena m’dziko lanu zokhala ndi malamulo zimakhudza moyo wanu kwambiri kuposa mmene anthu ambiri amaonera. Kuchokera kuudongo wa madzi a pampope mpaka ku misewu, kuyambira pa misonkho imene simuipeza mpaka ku mpweya umene mumapuma, boma lililonse limakhazikitsa malamulo, limapereka mautumiki, ndi kugaŵira chuma chimene chimapanga zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe nzika zambiri sizikudziŵabe kuti ndi mbali iti ya moyo wawo, kuchititsa kusokonezeka za mmene mungaperekere nkhaŵa, madandaulo, kapena chichirikizo.

Kumvetsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu za maboma a m’dzikolo, boma, ndi boma si njira yongothandiza kuti munthu akhale nzika yogwira bwino ntchito. Pamene mudziŵa amene amayendetsa ndalama za sukulu, amene amakhazikitsa malamulo, kapena amene amasamalira zinthu zamwadzidzidzi, mungavote mwanzeru, kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu, ndi kuchititsa akuluakulu a boma kukhala ndi mlandu. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mmene boma ku United States limakhudzira moyo wanu, ndiponso kugogomezera chifukwa chake zimenezi zili zokhudzana ndi kukhala nzika.

Mabungwe Atatu Omangidwa Bwino a Boma

Mu United States, mphamvu ya boma imagawidwa pakati pa milingo itatu yaikulu: malo, boma, ndi boma. Mlingo uliwonse umapeza ulamuliro wake ku malamulo a Malamulo ndi boma, ndipo uliwonse uli ndi mathayo olongosoka. Komabe, malirewo samalimba nthaŵi zonse / kuchuluka ndi ndalama kaŵirikaŵiri zimadutsa m’milingo yocholoŵana koma yodalirana.

Boma Lakumene Mumakhala: Moyo Wanu Watsiku ndi Tsiku Uli Pafupi Kwambiri

Maboma a m’derali ndi monga mizinda, matauni, midzi, ndi zigawo zapadera monga ma pulatifomu a sukulu kapena makampani a madzi. Mabungwe amenewa ndi malo oyamba kukumana ndi anthu a m’dzikolo ndi boma.

Mathayo aakulu a boma lakwawo ndi monga:

  • Kutetezera kwa polisi: Apolisi olondera, kutsekereza moto, mautumiki a zachipatala, ndi kuchitika kwa ngozi amayang'aniridwa kwambiri kumaloko. Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo akumalo amasungitsa boma ndi malamulo a kumaloko, ndi malamulo awo ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, polishi ya chitaganya, ndi kusungitsa magalimoto amayambukira mwachindunji chisungiko cha nzika.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuphunzitsa: Mabungwe a sukulu ndi mabungwe a maphunziro a kumaloko amakhazikitsa bajeti, olemba ntchito, ovomereza sukulu, ndi kugamula ndalama zoperekera ndalama za sukulu. Kukongola kwa masukulu a boma m'dera lanu kuli chisonyezero chachindunji cha zosankha za boma za kumaloko.
  • Inslactive ndi Zoning: [[FLT :1] Maboma amasunga misewu, milatho, misewu, magetsi a m’misewu, zimbudzi, ndi nkhalango za anthu. Amakhazikitsanso malamulo okhazikitsa malamulo amene amasankha kumene angamangepo zinthu.
  • Kusintha ndi Chitukuko cha : Madipatimenti olinganiza a kumaloko amayang'anira ntchito za nyumba zokhoza kugulitsidwa, malamulo omanga, kufufuza kopangitsa, ndi zilolezo za kukonza. Zosankha za kulemera, ziletso za utali, ndi kusungidwa kwa mbiri zonse zimayambira pa holo ya mzinda.
  • Public Unities ndi Santive : Kupereka madzi, zosonkhanitsidwa, maprogramu okonzanso, ndi kuyang'anira madzi a mphepo ya mkuntho ndizo ntchito za kumaloko, zimene zikuyambukira mwachindunji thanzi la anthu ndi mkhalidwe wa malo okhala.

Chifukwa chakuti boma lakumaloko lili pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu, kaŵirikaŵiri zochita zake zimatulutsa chiyambukiro cha mwamsanga kwambiri cha “mabowo a ziŵiya zapamwamba kwambiri) zokhoza kusimbidwa, misonkhano ya bungwe la sukulu inapezekapo, anthu otsutsa kugaŵana malo. Chipangano cha nzika pamlingo umenewu chingachititse kusintha kofulumira.

Boma: Laborato of Democracy

Maboma ali ndi ulamuliro waukulu pa nkhani zambiri zimene sizikuperekedwa mwachindunji ku boma la boma ndi Lamulo la U.S. Boma lirilonse liri ndi malamulo ake, nyumba ya malamulo, kazembe, ndi dongosolo la khoti. Malamulo a boma angasiyane kwambiri kuchokera ku boma limodzi kupita ku lina, kupanga ntchito ya malamulo ndi maprogramu amene amayambukira chirichonse kuchokera ku misonkho kufikira ku zoyenera za kubala.

Zina mwa zinthu zimene boma limachita ndi izi ndi izi:

  • Kusamalira ndi Mautumiki a Mayanjano: Maboma amayang'anira Medicaid (kaŵirikaŵiri m'kugwirizana ndi boma la boma), maprogramu a inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo ya ana (CHIP), chithandizo cha chakudya (SNAP), ndi Kanthaŵi Kochepa Kathandiza Mabanja Osoŵa (TANF). Amayang'aniranso misika ya inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo amene amavomereza ku matenda ndi kuyang'anira mabukhu ofunika kwambiri.
  • Madipatimenti a boma a zoyendera amasunga misewu ya m’mayiko, misewu ya boma, milatho, mabwalo a ndege, ndi madongosolo a zaulendo. Amakhazikitsa liŵiro, kupereka laisensi ya dalaivala, ndi kukakamiza kulembetsa ndi kuyang'anira chitetezo cha galimoto.
  • Justice ndi Safety ya Public: Madziko amapanga malamulo a upandu (m’chitsanzo, kuba, kuukira, milandu ya mankhwala), apolisi a boma, kuyang'anira ndende ndi madongosolo a kuchotsa milandu, ndi ozenga milandu ndi otetezera anthu. Madongosolo a milandu a boma pamlingo wa khoti ayang'anira milandu yambiri, kuyambira kuswa malamulo mpaka ku kuphana.
  • K-12 ndi Maphunziro Apamwamba: Pamene magawo a sukulu akuno akugwiritsira ntchito maphunziro, maboma a boma amakhazikitsa miyezo ya maphunziro, amafuna kuyesedwa, kusungitsa mbali yaikulu ya ma bajeti a sukulu, ndi kuyendetsa mayunivesite a boma ndi makoleji a chitaganya.
  • Kukula ndi Kusintha: Maboma amakopa mabizinesi mwa zisonkhezero za msonkho ndi maprogramu ophunzitsa antchito. Amalamulira malaisensi aukatswiri (madokotala, maloya, ometa tsitsi), amakhazikitsa malamulo a malipiro ochepa (kaŵirikaŵiri kuposa a boma), ndi kuyang'anira kusungitsa malo okhala m’malire awo.
  • Kusankha ndi Kutulutsa: Madziko amagamula njira zovota, kuphatikizapo njira zovomerezera, maola ofunsira, malamulo a makalata, ndi njira zowonjezera. Kukhulupirika ndi kupezeka kwa masankho kumadalira kwambiri pa zosankha za boma.

Monga momwe malemu Woweruza Louis Brandeis ananenera, akunena kuti “maluso a demokrase,” kuyesa njira zatsopano zimene zingadzachiritsidwe m’dziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, maboma apanga mainshuwalansi a zaumoyo, njira zopangira magetsi, ndi kulembetsa modzifunira.

Boma: Ntchito Yopanga Zinthu Zapadera

Boma la boma, lopangidwa ndi akuluakulu (Prezidenti ndi mabungwe), alamulo (Conrent Court), ndi achiweruzo (Khoti Lamilandu Lalikulu ndi makhoti ang’onoang’ono), amasamalira nkhani za dziko lonse. Mphamvu zake zimaŵerengedwa m’Bungwe Lolamulira ndi kuphatikizapo kutchula ndalama, kuyambitsa nkhondo, kuyendetsa malonda a maiko akunja, ndi kuchita maunansi a maiko akunja.

Mathayo a boma amene amayambukira kwambiri moyo wanu amaphatikizapo:

  • National Defense and Foreign Policy: Dipatimenti ya Zotetezera imasunga magulu ankhondo, Dipatimenti ya Boma imayang'anira mapangano ndi mapangano, ndipo anthu anzeru amatetezera ziwopsezo. Zosankha zokhudza kuloŵerera m'nkhondo, mapangano a zamalonda, ndi kugwirizana kwa mitundu yonse zimaumba chisungiko ndi maunansi a chuma a dzikolo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Inshuwalansi ya Sunishuwansi ndi mitu: Chisungiko cha Mayanjano chimapereka ndalama zopuma pantchito; Medicare imapereka chithandizo cha thanzi kwa anthu okalamba ndi opunduka; Afford Care Act (ACA) imayang'anira misika ya inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo ndi kupereka ndalama zothandizira. Maprogramu ameneŵa ndi a boma ndipo amayambukira anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a ku America mwachindunji.
  • Macrochuma: Congress imakhazikitsa milingo ya msonkho ndi mlingo wa ndalama, pamene Federal Reserve imalamulira malamulo a ndalama (malipo, kuperekedwa kwa ndalama). Mandanda a Federal amapatsira ndalama kaamba ka chitetezo, ziwitso, zopereka za maphunziro, kufufuza kwa sayansi, ndi zina zambiri. Malamulo a misonkho amayambukira check ndi zobwezedwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Entry ndi Consumer Protection : The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) imakakamiza mpweya woyera ndi miyezo ya madzi. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) imatsimikizira kusungika kwa chakudya ndi mankhwala. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) imayang'anira ngozi zotulutsidwa. Mabungwe ameneŵa amatetezera thanzi la anthu onse ndi chisungiko.
  • Civil Rights ndi Judiary: [[FULT:1] lamulo la Federal limaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa fuko, mwamuna, kupunduka, ndi magulu ena. Dongosolo la khoti la boma limamasulira Malamulo ndi malamulo, kuphatikizapo zosankha zapadera za kulingana kwa ukwati, kuchotsa mimba, ndi zoyenera zosankha.
  • Kusamutsidwa ndi Unzika: Mabungwe a Federal amakhazikitsa malamulo a kusamuka, kukonza ma visa, ndi kukhazikitsa malo opulumukira ndi othaŵa kwawo. Unzika ndi chilengedwe ndi nkhani za boma zokha.

Boma limafikira pafupifupi mbali iriyonse ya moyo mwa mikhalidwe ya ndalama, miyezo ya malamulo, ndi malamulo otetezera. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama za m’misewu yaikulu ya boma zimafuna kuti boma likhazikitse zaka zochepera pa 21 zakumwa ndi kuchirikiza maphunziro a boma kuti adziŵerengera mlandu monga kuyesa koyenerera.

Malo Olumikizirana: Mmene Policies Amayendera

Boma silimagwira ntchito palokha. M’malo mwake, limapanga dongosolo lamphamvu la kulamulira limodzi. Malamulo, malamulo, ndi malamulo a boma ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Malamulo a boma amachepetsa kapena kupatsa mphamvu maboma. Kukwaniritsa dziko kapena kutsekereza zolinga za boma. Kumvetsa mfundo zimenezi n’kofunika kwambiri polosera mmene kusintha kwa malamulo kudzakukhudzirani.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo

Gawo lalikulu la ndalama za boma ndi za kumaloko zimachokera ku kutumiza kwa boma. Federal imapatsa chichirikizo cha maziko (makwalala, maulalo, kugulitsa), maphunziro (Tit I, ITEA), kusamala zaumoyo (Medicaid), ndi chithandizo cha tsoka. Kubwerera, maboma ayenera kugwirizana ndi miyezo ya boma . Mwachitsanzo, akunena kuti kulandira ndalama za boma za Medicaid kuyenera kuphikira anthu ena oyenerera ndi mautumiki. Mofananamo, maboma a m'dziko amadalira pa kugaŵira msonkho ndi zikole za msonkho zimene boma limapereka ndi misonkhozo yoperekedwa ndi makhomalamulo a boma.

Pamene boma la boma lichepetsa ndalama zowonongedwa, maboma ndi malo kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi ndalama zopereŵera zimene zimatsogolera ku kuchepetsa utumiki kapena kuwonjezereka kwa msonkho. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kusonkhezera kwa boma kungafulumire chuma chakumaloko.

Maseŵera Ophatikiza: Zitsanzo za Maseŵera Ophatikizana

  • Kusintha kwa chibadwa: Act ya meya yathandiza mtundu wa mpweya. Maboma ayenera kulola mapulani okwaniritsa zimene adzachita zosonyeza mmene adzakwaniritsire miyezo imeneyo. Maboma a kumaloko kenaka amasungitsa malire otulutsa mpweya pa mafakitale, kufufuza galimoto, ndi malamulo a kugwiritsira ntchito malo omwe amakhudza kuipitsa. Kudumpha kwa miyezo kwa boma ndi kuchepetsa malamulo a kumaloko.
  • [[FLT: 0] . . . . . . pa mliri wa CVY , boma linapereka ndalama ndi chitsogozo, koma maboma anasankha za kutsekera, malamulo a kubisa, ndi katemera. Madipatimenti a zaumoyo a kumaloko anayesedwa ndi kutsata. Kukhoza kwa yankholo kunadalira pa kugwirizana kwa mlingo uliwonse.
  • [[FLT: 0] Maprogramu a Frederal monga Theodore I (a ophunzira ochepera olandira) akudutsa kupyolera m'mabungwe a maphunziro a boma ku zigawo za chigawo cha sukulu. Makomiti a sukulu a kumaloko amaika ndalama za maphunziro ndi mayeso. Makomiti a sukulu amapatula ndalama ku sukulu ndi kulemba aphunzitsi . Kusintha kwa boma kungasintha ndalama pakati pa mayiko ndi zigawo.
  • Projects : Ndalama za msonkho wa gasi za boma za Highway Trust Fund, zimene zimagawira ndalama ku maprojekiti a misewu ndi thumwi. Maboma amaika zinthu patsogolo ndi kuyenderana ndi ndalama za boma. Pamenepo maboma amayang'anira ntchito yomanga, malo, ndi pangano la chitaganya.

Kugwirizana kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti kusintha kwa malamulo pamlingo umodzi kungakhale ndi ziyambukiro zosintha. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la boma loletsa chamba likachotsa ziletso za boma, koma maboma akalamulirabe malonda ndi msonkho. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kukonzanso kwa milandu ya boma kungachepetse anthu a m'ndende mwa kusintha kwa masinthidwe m’chiweruziro.

Kodi Mungamuuze Kuti N’chiyani Chingakuthandizeni Kuphunzira Baibulo?

Kudziwa kuti ndi boma liti limene likuchititsa nkhani inayake kungakuthandizeni kuyang'ana ku zoyesayesa zanu. Ngati mumadera nkhaŵa za mabowo, lankhulani ndi bungwe la mzinda wanu. Ngati mukufuna kusintha njira zothandizira sukulu, lankhulani ndi nyumba ya malamulo ya boma. Ngati musamala za kusintha kwa zaumoyo wa dziko, gwirizanani ndi Congress ndi Pulezidenti. Nzika zamphamvu zimaphunzira kuyendetsa bwino njira zapamwamba ndi kuzindikira kuti kusintha kosatha kaŵirikaŵiri kumafuna masiteshoni osiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa Chake Kumvetsetsa Zimenezi Kuli Kofunika kwa Nzika Yodziŵa Bwino Zinthu

Kumvetsa ntchito za boma ndiponso mmene limagwirira ntchito, sikutanthauza kungodziwa chabe zinthu zina.

Muzisankha Zochita Mwanzeru

Pamene muzindikira mlingo wa boma umene umalamulira chimene, mungapende oyembekezera kulowa ntchito ndi kulinganiza pa nkhani zimene muli nazo. Wopita ku bungwe la tauni angayambukire lamulo la kukonza ndi apolisi; wosankhidwa wa bwanamkubwa amalinganiza zaumoyo ndi maphunziro; chiŵalo cha Congress chovota pa misonkho ndi chisungiko cha kakhalidwe. Voti yanu imakhala yatanthauzo kwambiri pamene mudziŵa chimene ofesi iriyonse ingapereke.

Achirikizeni Mogwira Mtima

Kaya mupite ku msonkhano wa sukulu, lemberani woimira boma lanu, kapena loŵani m’mikupiti ya dzikolo, podziŵa kuti mudzakhala ndi cholinga cholondola pa ntchito yanu yofuna kulanda boma, kuwonjezera kugwira ntchito. Pempho lokhudza ndalama za paki ya kwanuko lotumizidwa ku bungwe la boma lija lidzanyalanyazidwa, koma kuperekedwa ku dipatimenti ya mapaki a mzindawo kungathandize kuyang’anira malo oyenera.

3. Khalani ndi Mlandu kwa Akuluakulu

Ngati misewu yakwanuko siikukonzedwanso, kodi ndi mlandu wa dipatimenti ya boma, ya boma yoyang’anira ndalama, kapena boma lopereka ndalama zochedwetsa?

Kuthandizana Posankha Zochita

Nthawi zambiri anthu amamvetsera mayeso a sukulu, kukonzekera mapulogalamu ndiponso kukonza zoti akakhale m’mizinda. Mukadziwa mmene zosankha za m’dera lanu zimakhudzira malo anu oyandikana nawo, malo amene mumachitira zinthu, magalimoto, masukulu, ndi mmene mungadzitetezere, mukhoza kupita, kulankhula, ndi kukonza zinthu zina.

Chindikirani Zovuta Zimene Zikutsatira

Pamene muwona mbiri ya kusintha kwa malamulo a boma .Monga lamulo latsopano la nyengo kapena malamulo a kusamuka kwa anthu . Mungalingalire za zimene zimakhudza boma ndi malo. Kodi idzafuna malamulo a boma? Kodi idzawononga ndalama za boma? Kulingalira kwa macro-to mpaka ku magro kukuthandiza kupanga malingaliro odziŵidwa ndi kugawana m’nkhani yapoyera.

Kumaliza: Kuchita Zinthu pa Zigawo Zonse Kumapanga Demokrase Yolimba Kwambiri

Maboma amakhazikitsa malamulo a zachuma, kutha kwa thanzi, ndi chilungamo. Maboma akufotokoza bwino malangizo a dziko pa chitetezo, ubwino, ndi ufulu. Magulu ameneŵa samagwira ntchito m'masisilosi, ndipo amadalirana.

Kwa nzika, kuzindikira dongosolo lokhala ndi miyalo imeneyi ndiko maziko a kutengamo mbali kogwira mtima. Kumakupatsani mphamvu ya kuvota ndi chidziŵitso, kuchirikiza mosamalitsa, kuchititsa akuluakulu a boma kukhala ndi mlandu, ndi kuchitapo kanthu moyenerera m'dongosolo la democracy. Democracy si masewera osangalatsa. Imafuna kuti munthu akhale wokangalika, wodziŵa bwino zinthu pamlingo uliwonse. Mwa kuphunzira mmene boma limakhudzira moyo wake, mumadzikonzekeretsa kukonza kuti ukhale wabwinopo.

Kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka ponena za kakonzedwe ka boma ndi pangano la nzika, chezerani .gov chitsogozo cha boma kwa boma , fufuzani U.S. Censureau Office pa za ndalama za boma [1], ndi kuona White House Office of Management and Bacrow’s short kaamba ka kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ndandanda ya zachigwirizano. Kumvetsetsa dongosolo ndilo litsogonjero loyamba kuigwirira ntchito kaamba ka inu.