civic-engagement-and-participation
Ntchito ya Kupanga Malamulo a M’derali
Table of Contents
Maziko a Kulinganiza Zinthu Kotsatira Democratic Relacy
Malo a nyumba zamakono amasintha moyo wa anthu a tsiku ndi tsiku m’njira zazikulu. Magalimoto, mapaki, madongosolo a madzi, thumba, ndi malo osungirako anthu amasankha mmene anthu amayendera, kugwirizanitsa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu. Komabe, zambiri mwa ntchito zimenezi zinakonzedwa kwa zaka makumi ambiri, ndi mainjiniya ndi akuluakulu a boma akusankha zochita m’nyumba zotsekedwa. Kusintha kwa mfundo zachikhalidwe kwasintha maganizo a mmene malonda a anthu apadziko lonse agwirire ntchito. M’malo mopereka malangizo kuchokera pamwamba, kulinganiza zinthu zamakono kumazindikira kuti anthu amene akukhala ndi madongosolo ameneŵa ali ndi chidziŵitso chofunika kwambiri cha ntchito, chimene sichili, ndi chimene chili chofunikadi.
Chitsogozo cha chitaganya chimasintha zinthu kuchokera ku maluso apamwamba kukhala ntchito yogwirizana. Pamene nzika za dziko zipanga ntchito zimene zimakhudza madera awo, zotsatirapo zake zimasintha. Maluso ali othekera kwambiri kusamalira zosoŵa zenizeni mmalo mwa zimene anthu akuona. Zosankha zimasonyeza malo ndi zinthu zimene amakonda. Ndipo makamaka, maziko a zinthu amathandiza kuti anthu azidalirana ndi kusamalira chitaganya chimene chikugwira ntchito. Kusintha kumeneku sikuli chabe nkhani ya kudalira demokrase; ndiko kuzindikira kopindulitsa kuti chidziŵitso chabwino, mapulani abwino, ndi zotsatirapo zabwino za nthaŵi yaitali zimayamba pamene mawu osiyanasiyana ayamba kukambitsirana.
Maboma a m'dziko lonse la United States ayamba kuvomereza kwambiri kuvomerezana kwa anthu monga mbali yaikulu ya ntchito zawo zolinganiza zinthu. National League of Cities alemba zitsanzo zambiri zimene kuloŵerera kwa anthu koyambirira ndi kokhazikika kunatsogolera ku zilolezo za kuntchito, kuchepetsa kudalirana, ndi kukhupuka kwambiri. Zotsatira zimenezi sizichitika mwangozi. Pamene anthu amva ndi kuona zoloŵetsedwa zawo zikusonyezedwa m’makonzedwe omalizira, iwo amakhala ochirikiza osati otsutsa. Zimenezi zimasintha kwambiri ntchito za ndale zadziko pa maprojekiti a za zomanga nyumba, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusonkhetsa ndalama, kumanga, ndi kusunga nthaŵi yaitali.
Kuposa Anthu Omva Mmodzi
Njira zamwambo za kutomerana kwa anthu zimadalira pa kuweruza kwapoyera komwe kumachitika pa nyumba ya boma mkati mwa maola a mlungu. Kapangidwe kameneka kanakopa kwambiri anthu: opuma pantchito, ochirikiza maganizo amphamvu, ndi ololera kufikako. Zotsatirapo zinali zosaimira chitaganya chachikulu ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kukulitsa mawu omveka koposa mmalo mwa malingaliro ofunika kwambiri. Mapangano amakono amavomereza kuti kufikira munthu woimiradi chigawo cha anthu a m’dzikolo kumafuna kuyesayesa kwadala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana.
Chiphunzitso cha chokhudza kulinganiza za zinthu zapamtunda chimanena kuti chilungamo cha ntchito yopanga zosankha nchofunika mofanana ndi kulinganiza kwa zotsatira. Pamene anthu a m’madera ena sagwirizana pa kulinganiza, kuyendetsa zinthu kungachirikize kusagwirizana komwe kulipo. Kukula kwa msewu kungayendetsedwe kudzera m'malo a pansi ofikira. Malo atsopano angaikidwe pamalo osafikirika mwa anthu onse. Nyumba yoperekera chithandizo cha madzi ingakhale kutali ndi anthu amene angapindule kwambiri ndi kukongola kwa madzi. Njira zimenezi sizingayambitse kusagwirizana ndi kuipa koma zingalephere kuphatikiza mawu oyenera pa nthaŵi zolondola.
Maboma angachititse kuti pakhale zosankha zogwirizana ndi anthu amene sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mwa kufuna dala kuti anthu otsala azikhalapo, pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni opezeka, ndi kukonza ntchito zomasulira, angachititse kuti pakhale zosankha zosonyeza zimene anthu onse amafunikira, osati chabe aja a m'nthaŵi yake ndi chuma kuti apezeke pa misonkhano. Bungwe la American Planning Association limagogomezera kuti pangano loyenera kuchitika likufuna kukhazikika, osati kupezeka kwaulere. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kupita kumene anthu ali kale: malo olambirirako, mabizinesi akwake, ndi mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti kumene anthu amasonkhana mwachibadwa.
Njira Zopezera Mfundo za M’deralo
Makina opangira chiwiya chopangira pangano m’deralo awonjezeka kwambiri masiku ano. Maboma tsopano ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, zogwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chikhalidwe, ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za kakonzedwe ka zinthu. Kusankha njira zoyenerera n’kofunika kwambiri kuti apeze njira zothandizira kuti ntchitozo zikhale ndi tanthauzo.
Kufufuza ndi Mafunso
Kufufuza kwamakono kudakali chimodzi cha ziŵiya zokhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posonkhanitsa anthu. Kufufuza kwa Well - oki kungafikire mazana kapena zikwi za nzika, kupereka mphamvu ya masamu imene imathandiza olinganiza kuzindikira zimene amakonda m'magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu. Mapulaneti amakono amalola kuti apeze nzeru, pamene mafunso akutsata mogwirizana ndi mayankho a m'mbuyo, kupanga zokumana nazo zofunikira kwambiri pa aliyense woyankha. Kufufuza kungagawiridwe kudzera m'njira zambiri: makalata ku mabanja popanda kupezeka, mapepala a intaneti kwa olembetsa ofunsira, mauthenga a foni amagwirizanitsa ndi ogwiritsira ntchito telefoni, ndi makope a mapepala ku malo a maofesi a maofesi a .
Kufufuza kothandiza kumafuna kusamala kwambiri kufunsa mawu, mayankho, ndi kutalika kwa nthawi. Mafunso otsogolera angatulukemo. Kufufuza kumene kungatenge mphindi khumi kuti aone kuchepa kwa zinthu. Maboma a m'dziko ayenera kufufuza ndi timagulu tating'ono tisanagawidwe ndipo ayenera kuganizira zopereka zisonkhezero monga makadi kapena kulowa pa mphoto kuti awonjezere kuthandizira anthu. Kumasulira m’zinenero zimene anthu ambiri amalankhula n’kofunika kuti afikire anthu olankhula Chingelezi omwe si apamwamba.
Misonkhano Yapoyera ndi Malo Ogwirira Ntchito
Misonkhano yapoyera yakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi njira zamwambo za podium-and-microphone. Makampani amakono amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira anthu amene afikapo, osati chabe makambitsirano a mawu. Timagulu ting'onoting'ono, kukambirana zinthu zofunika, kukonzekera kozikidwa pa mapu, ndi ntchito zokonzekera zochitika zimatheketsa anthu otenga mbali kuchita nawo mbali m’njira zimene zimatulutsa mfundo zambiri kuposa nyengo zonena zotsegulira mawu okha. Oyang'anira ophunzitsidwa m’magulu angatsimikizire kuti anthu asakhale olankhula modekha ndi kuti makambitsiranowo azikhala okambitsirana pa mafunso amene mapu amafunikira.
Malo a msonkhano a tsiku ndi tsiku. Misonkhano yapakati pa mlungu imatsutsana ndi udindo wa banja. Misonkhano ya pakati pa tsiku imaletsa kugwira ntchito. Misonkhano yochitidwa m'malo osafikirika ndi anthu oyenda kapena popanda kuimika imapangitsanso zopinga zina. Maprogramu a pangano achipambano amapereka nthaŵi zambiri zosonkhanira ndi malo, kuphatikizapo mapulogalamu a kumapeto kwa mlungu ndi malo m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zosankha zokhalamo ndi phande mwa kugwiritsa ntchito vidiyo zakhala zozoloŵera ntchito kuyambira mliri wa CHOVAD , kulola anthu okhala m’dzikolo kutengamo mbali kuchokera kunyumba kwawo pamene akuwonabe mapulogalamu ndi kufunsa mafunso panthaŵi yeniyeni.
Magulu Osumika Maganizo ndi Makomiti Otsogolera
Magulu apamwamba amasonkhanitsa magulu aang'ono a anthu okhala m’maderawo kuti agwirizane mozama, molinganiza. Gulu lapadera limaphatikizapo asanu ndi atatu kufikira khumi ndi aŵiri otengamo mbali ndipo lomaliza limodzi ndi maola aŵiri, lotsogozedwa ndi woyang'anira wophunzitsidwa amene akutsatira malamulo olinganizidwa kupenda nkhani zinazake. Magulu otsogola potulukira [pansi]] chifukwa cha mayankho. Amavumbula malingaliro, malingaliro, ndi zokumana nazo zimene amakonda m’mudzi. Magulu apamwamba angalinganiziridwe mozungulira mikhalidwe ya anthu, malo, kapena magulu a anthu opimira kuti atsimikizire kuti apeza malingaliro enieniwo akuimiridwa.
Komiti ya boma imatenganso lingaliro limeneli mwa kukonza mabungwe amene amakumana nthaŵi zonse pa ntchito ya zomangamanga. Makomiti ameneŵa kwenikweni amaphatikizapo oimira ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, madera a malonda, mabungwe a maphunziro, ndi magulu a anthu. Makomiti a bungwe la otsogolera amapereka kupitiriza ndi kuya patsogolo kwa zochitika za panthaŵi imodzi zimene sizingafanane. Ziŵalo zimakulitsa luso pa nthaŵi yake, kumanga maunansi ndi antchito a ntchito ndi wina aliyense. Kukambitsirana kopitirizabe kumeneku kumachititsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yothandiza kupanga maprojekiti monga kukonza, kugonjetsa mavuto mwamsanga ndi kuyambitsa kuwongolera kumene kumawongolera zotsatira zake zomalizira.
Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti
Kukula kwa makompyuta opanga makompyuta kwasintha mmene maboma amapezera mfundo za m'chitaganya. Madanga ogwiritsa ntchito amathandiza anthu kukhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana n’kusiya ndemanga zokhudza nkhani kapena maganizo. Opaleshoni imathandiza kukambirana kumene opanga mapulogalamu angayankhire limodzi ndi kukonza. Nyumba za tauni yeniyeni zimathandiza kuti pakhale nthawi yeniyeni ya Q&A ndi oyang'anira ntchito. Zida zimenezi zimapanga mapulaneti ozungulira, nthawi yofufuzira, mapulogalamu amene angafotokoze bwinobwino, mosiyana ndi mawu olembedwa pamanja a m'misonkhano ya anthu onse amene amavuta kukonza.
Zida zamakono zingachepetsenso zopinga kuti munthu asakhale ndi phande. Anthu amene satha kufika pamisonkhano yamadzulo chifukwa cha ntchito kapena ntchito za banja angathandizire pa ndandanda yawo. Anthu amene amada nkhawa kulankhula poyera angafotokoze malingaliro awo moganizira bwino m'kulemba. Anthu amene amalankhula zinenero zina kusiya Chingelezi angagwiritse ntchito zida zotembenuzira kapena angapereke m'chinenero chawo chokondedwa kuti akabwerezedwe ndi antchito a zinenero ziŵiri ziwiri. Project ya Public Spaces [[ Mapulatifomu a pulogalamu a magetsi angawonjezere kwambiri ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mapulaneti a pulogalamu a chitaganya pamene atumizidwa monga mbali ya njira yokwanira imene idakalipo ndi antchito yaubwenzi la pa Intaneti.
Ubwino wa Kupanga Chithandizo cha M’chitaganya
Ntchito zopanga zinthu zimene zimakhudzana ndi mfundo zothandiza kwambiri za m'deralo zimagwira bwino ntchito. Kapangidwe ka zinthu kamasintha chifukwa chakuti anthu a m’deralo apeza kuti pali zinthu zina zimene sangakwanitse kuchita. Ntchito yokonza mapulani a malowo ikhoza kulephera. Ntchito yokonza magalimoto a m’deralo ingapeze kuti kudutsa misewu n’koopsa kwa ana a sukulu pa nthawi imene sikukutsika, chidziŵitso chimene sichingaoneke m’magalimoto ambiri koma n’chofunika kwambiri kuti apange malo abwino. Kukonzanso malo osungirako zinthu kukhoza kuchititsa kuti mudziwo ukhale munda m’malo mwa bwalo la basketball, zimene zingachititse kuti ana ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza bwino.
Chikhutiro cha anthu chimakula pamene anthu aona kuchirikiza kwawo komalizira. Kukhutira kumeneku kumaloŵetsa m'zichirikizo zandale zimene zimathandiza kupanga njira zovomerezeka ndi zosankha za ndalama. Maprojekiti okhala ndi chichirikizo champhamvu cha chitaganya sangakhale othekera kuyang'anizana ndi kuperekedwa, kupempha, kapena mitundu ina ya chitsutso chimene chimachedwetsa ndi kutha kwa ndalama. Kuphunzira kwa Fadral Highway Administration [[[FLM:1] Kupeza kuti ntchito zophatikiza ndi anthu otchuka zinatha kuchitika mofulumira kwambiri pa ava ndi 20 peresenti amene ali ndi pangano laling'ono, makamaka chifukwa chakuti panabuka mikangano yochepa kwambiri panthaŵi yopanga ndi kulola.
Kusunga nthaŵi yaitali kumawongokeranso. Kusintha kwa anthu amene amaona kuti kukhala ndi katundu ndi kunyada n’zokhalitsa ndipo kumafuna ndalama zochepa zoyendetsera anthu kuti asunge. Mamembala a anthu amene anakonzekera akhoza kutchula mavuto mwamsanga, kudzipereka kuti akonze zinthu, ndi kuchirikiza ndalama zothandizira. Iwonso amakhala oyang'anira amwayi, kuthandiza kukonza khalidwe la anthu ena amene amagwiritsa ntchito malo apamwamba. Maseŵero omangidwa ndi mfundo za chitaganya savutika kwambiri ndi kuwononga zinthu kuposa munthu mmodzi woikidwa ndi anthu akunja, makamaka chifukwa chakuti chitaganya chimaona kuti ndi a m’banja lawo.
Mavuto a Kugonana kwa Anthu a M’dera
Mosasamala kanthu za mapindu owonekera bwino, kuloŵetsedwa m'maprojekiti a zamaziko kumayang'anizana ndi zitokoso zosalekeza zimene maboma a m'dziko ayenera kuchita mwadala. Vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndilo kuimira. Nzika zimene zimaonetsa misonkhano yapoyera zimawoneka kukhala zokalamba, oyera, olemera, ndi ophunzira kwambiri kuposa anthu onse. Zimakhoterere kukhala ndi malingaliro onkitsa kwambiri, abwino ndi osakondweretsa, kuposa nzika wamba. Chochitikachi, chodziŵika monga kukondera kukondera, chimatanthauza kuti kuloŵetsamo kwamwambo mwa njira zamwambo kungapereke malingaliro ena olinganizidwa bwino pamene kuli pansi pa ena.
Kusocheretsa ndi kusamvetsetsana kuli ngati vuto lina lalikulu. Maluso a zopangapanga amaphatikizapo mfundo zaluso zimene zili zosadziwika kwa anthu ambiri okhala m’deralo: kugwetsa madzi, mlingo wa magalimoto, ukulu wa khomo lakumanja, kuchepetsako. Pamene olinganiza agwiritsira ntchito chikho chopimira popanda mafotokozedwe okwanira, nzika zingaone zolinga za ntchito kapena kukhulupirira kuti zosankha zapangidwa kale. Komanso, nzika za kumeneko zingapereke nkhaŵa zimene anthu amalingalira kuti n’ngosadziwa, kuchititsa kukhumudwa kumbali zonse. Kutsendereza mpata umenewu kumafunikira kuyesayesa kwadala: zothandizira zinenero zofeŵera, zothandizira kumasulira, mautumiki oleza mtima, ndi kumasulira zimene zimavomereza mafunso onse.
Kulephera kwa nthaŵi kumachititsa mavuto ena. Maprojekiti okonza nthawi amayendera ndandanda ya ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, nyengo zomanga, ndi nthaŵi zoikidwiratu za ndale. Kulonjezana kwatanthauzo kumatenga nthaŵi: kupanga ntchito za pangano, nthaŵi yolemba, nthaŵi yofufuza mfundo, ndi nthaŵi yokhudza zinthu zimene zapezedwa. Ngati mapulogalamu a nthaŵi aumiriza, kulonjeza kuti mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi m’malo mwa kukambirana kwenikweni. Anthu akuona zimenezi ndipo amavomereza ndi kukayikira, kuchepetsanso chikhulupiriro. Maboma a m’dziko ayenera kutsutsa chiyeso cha kufulumira kuyambitsa pangano, ndi kuchirikiza nthaŵi yeniyeni imene imathandiza kuti anthu agwirizane.
Maluso a Kuloŵa m’Chigwirizano Chachipambano cha M’chitaganya
Kulaka mavuto ameneŵa kumafuna njira zadala zimene zimavomereza kuvuta kwa pangano la anthu ndi kusungitsa ntchito zapadera zothandizira. Choyamba, maboma a boma ayenera kulinganiza zinthu zokwanira zochitira pangano. Kaŵirikaŵiri, bajeti ya pangano la ukwati ili pakati pa zinthu zoyambirira zimene zimawonongeka pamene ntchito za ntchito zikumana ndi mavuto a zachuma. Kulingalira kosaganizira bwino kumeneku kumasunga ndalama m'nthaŵi yaifupi koma kumadzetsa ndalama pambuyo pake mwa kuchedwa, mikangano, ndi mapulani amene amalephera kukwaniritsa zosoŵa za anthu. Kupanga ndalama m'makampani aubwenzi, mautumiki omasulira, kusamala ana, chakudya, ndi malo oyendera zinthu zoyendera kulipira nthaŵi zambiri kudutsa ntchito yopereka ntchito yokongola.
Chachiwiri, pangano la ukwati liyenera kuyamba mwamsanga ndi kupitiriza ntchito yonse. Kudzipereka msanga kumalola anthu kukonza njira yofunika ya ntchito m’malo mwa kungosintha zinthu zimene asankha. Anthu akakhala kuti apemphedwa kuti athandize kufotokoza mavuto asanapereke mayankho, iwo amayamba kukhala ndi ntchito yeniyeni. Kulonjezana kuti pasapite nthawi kumathandiza kuti njirazo zikhale zongosinthasintha, kutsimikizira kuti mfundozo sizikusonkhanitsidwa kamodzi ndiyeno n’kunyalanyazidwa.
Chachitatu, maboma a m'dziko ayenera kugwiritsira ntchito njira zambiri zolankhulirana kuti afikire anthu osiyanasiyana. Kudalira njira imodzi, ngakhale njira yolinganizidwa bwino, idzaphonya mbali zina zazikulu za mudzi. Njira yochitira pangano ingaphatikizepo: mapositipoti otumizidwa ku banja lililonse m'malo ozoloŵereka, kusatsa malonda a zachikhalidwe ndi anthu ogwirizana ndi malo osiyanasiyana, kutuluka ndi magulu ozikidwa pa zitseko za anthu, kuyendera khomo m'madera okhala ndi malo ochepa opezeka, uthenga wa kulembera anthu amene akusankha, ndi zoulutsira mawu zamwambo kudzera m'manyuzipepala ndi mawailesi.
Chachinayi, kupereka zisonkhezero zothandizira kukhala ndi phande kungawonjezere kwambiri pangano la ukwati, makamaka pakati pa magulu amene amatchulidwa m'mbiri. Kusamalira ana kumalola makolo a ana aang'ono kupezeka pa misonkhano yamadzulo. Chakudya chimapangitsa anthu kukhala olandiridwa mowonjezereka ndipo chingakhale chokopa chachikulu kwa anthu okhala m’dziko lolandira. Makhadi a mphatso, njira zoyendera, ndi kuloŵa m’mipata ya mphotho zimavomereza kuti kutengamo kumafunikira nthaŵi ndi khama. Zisonkhezero zimenezi ziyenera kukhala zotsimikizirika mokwanira kukwaniritsa koma zodekha kuti apeŵeretu lingaliro lakuti zikugulidwa. Chonulirapo ndicho kuchotsa zopinga, osati kupanga zatsopano.
Maboma a m'maderawa ayenera kutseka njira yosonyezera anthu mmene ankagwiritsira ntchito mfundo zawo. Palibe chimene chimafooketsa mwamsanga kusiyana ndi maganizo akuti kuchita nawo ntchitozo n’kothandiza. Pambuyo pa pangano la ukwati, magulu a ntchito ayenera kufalitsa chidule cha zimene amva, mmene zinakhudzira zosankha, ndiponso chifukwa chake malingaliro ena sanavomerezedwe. Zimenezi zimalimbikitsa anthu kupitiriza kukhala ndi phande m’maprojekiti a m’tsogolo. Zimachititsanso kuti anthu ayambe kudziŵerengera mlandu, chifukwa chakuti anthuwo angaone ngati mfundo zawozo zinalingaliridwadi.
Kufufuza za Matenda m’Kudziloŵetsa m’Chigwirizano Chachipambano cha M’chitaganya
Kufufuza zinthu zimene zingathandize anthu kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kumapereka umboni wooneka bwino wakuti pangano la ukwati n’lofunika ndipo kumapereka maphunziro amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwinakwake.
Malo Osungirako Anthu Atsopano
M’tauni ina yaing'ono ya Midstern, paki ya anthu yonyalanyazidwa inachepa ndipo inakhala ndi mbiri yabwino ya kusamala za chitetezo. Bungwe la mzindalo linagaŵira ndalama zothandizira kubwezeretsa zinthu koma linazindikira kuti ntchito zakale sizinathandize chifukwa sizinasonyeze kukondera kwa anthu. Mmalo molemba kampani yopanga mapu, mzindawo unayamba ntchito yopanga mapulani a mwezi umodzi yophatikiza mayeso opimira sukulu ndi malo a anthu, magulu otsogolera ndi makolo ndi achinyamata, shanti ya anthu onse imene inkagwiritsa ntchito ntchito madot-ot kukonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndi pulogalamu ya pa Intaneti kumene anthu angapereke zikalata zoperekera anthu ena za maphunziro.
Kafukufukuyu anasonyeza kuti kuyenda panjira ndiponso kukhala ndi malo okongola kwambiri, osati ku bwalo la mpira ndi malo ochitira masewera amene anthu a mumzindawu ankaganiza kuti ndi otchuka kwambiri. Magulu a achinyamata oika maganizo pa Intaneti ndi anthu a m’dera lawo anatulukira kuti anali ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chofuna malo otetezeka ochezera a mafoni ndi mafoni, posonyeza kuti achinyamata ambiri analibe njira zodalirika zopezera Intaneti panyumba ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito pakiyi ngati njira yogwirira ntchito mwamwayi.
Malo omalizira opangidwa ndi zinthu zonsezi. Galadi wa m’deralo anakhala fakitale yaikulu, yoyang'aniridwa ndi komiti yongodzipereka yomwe inatulukira pa ntchito yotomerana. Komiti yodzifunirayo yomwe inali ndi malo osungirako magetsi inasonyeza kuti inali yotchuka kwambiri kwa achinyamata ndiponso inachititsa achikulire amene ankaigwiritsa ntchito pa ntchito. Njira zoyendera zapansipansi zinachuluka kudutsa papaki, kuwonjezera chitetezo cha chilengedwe. . Komiti yodzifunira inapitiriza kukumana, ikuchita ntchito yosamalira munda ndi kukonzanso zochitika zina zimene zinalimbikitsanso ntchito ya pakiyo monga malo apafupi.
Ntchito Yowongolera Msewu
Mzinda wapakati pa mzindawu unakonza njira yaikulu yomwe inali yoyendera anthu komanso misewu yaikulu yapafupi. Malo amene analipo anakhazikitsa galimoto, ndipo panali njira zinayi zoyendera, popanda ziwiya za njinga, ndi njira zopapatiza. Mzindawu unazindikira kuti kumanganso msewuwo kunapereka mpata womanga malo a njira zina koma anaopa kuti anthu oyendawo aziona kuti ali ndi tsogolo labwino komanso atha kukwanitsa ntchito. M’malo mwake, mzindawu unayamba njira yothandiza kwambiri kuphatikizapo anthu apaulendo ndi anthu okhala pafupi, kufufuza pa Intaneti, ndi makampani opanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zothandizira anthu opanga zinthu.
Kutomeranako kunavumbula chithunzi chowonekera bwino kuposa mmene mzindawo unayembekezera. Oyendetsa galimoto sanatsutse masinthidwe. Ambiri anasonyeza kufunitsitsa kudzimana liŵiro lina posinthana ndi kuwongolera chitetezo, makamaka pa makwalala kumene anakumana ndi oyenda pansi ndi okwera njinga. Anthu a m’deralo anasunga chitetezo cha apansi panthambi kuposa china chilichonse, akumatchula kuwoloka koopsa ndi vuto la kuyenda m’masukulu apamwamba apafupi. Amalonda m’likolemo anali kudera nkhaŵa za kusokonezeka kwa zomangamanga komanso anaonanso kuti magalimoto akuyenda akuyenda m’misewu angayendere bwino ngati misewu inakhala yoyenda bwino.
Malo amene anatulukira kuchokera ku ziwiya zimenezi anali chakudya chimene chinachepetsa njira zinayi zapamsewu ndipo chinasintha mbali iliyonse. Malo olandidwa anagwiritsidwa ntchito kudutsa m’njira zotetezedwa ndi mabasi ndi njira zina zozungulira. Malo ozungulira anakonzedwa ndi kudutsa mitunda yaifupi ndi zilumba zothawira anthu. Sukuluyi inalandira njira zounikira magetsi ndi njira yokwera yoyendera. Ntchitoyi inagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa makampani, ndi kutumiza mauthenga ndi njira zina zopitira. Ntchitoyi inathandiza anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo anthu ambiri amene poyamba anali okayikira. Malo a panja pa magalimoto aonetsa kuti zinthu zapaipi a anthu ayamba kuwonjezeka pang’ono.
Kulinganiza Kupita Patsogolo Kochitidwa ndi Amboni
Dolopo lalikulu la mzinda linakonza zoyambitsanso malowo ku malo onyamulira katundu, ndi cholinga chopanga malo ophatikizapo anthu omwe angawonjezere sitima zapamtunda ndi kupereka malo oyenera ogona. Kakonzedwe kake kanathandiza anthu kugwiritsa ntchito komiti yoyang'anira anthu yomwe inaphatikizapo nthumwi zochokera m'madera ozungulira, kutumiza magulu a anthu amwambo, kuombera nyumba, ndi mabizinesi a komweko. Komiti imeneyi ikumana mwezi uliwonse pa kosi ya zaka ziwiri, kupenda, kupenda, ndi kupereka chilolezo pa mbali iliyonse ya kakonzedwe kake.
Komiti ya otsogolera ya komiti inapangidwa ndi zosankha zingapo zofunika. Mafomu oyambirira ofunikira kwambiri nyumba zamalonda, koma makomiti anapitira kunsi kwa nyumba zotchipa, akutchula nkhaŵa zotsala m'deralo. Pulani yomaliza inaphatikizapo mayuniti 30 peresenti okhoza kugula, ndi kukondera mabanja olandira ndalama zochepera 60 peresenti ya ndalama za maofesi a kampani. komitiyo inachirikizanso malo a pansi a makampani akwawo m’malo a makampani a boma, ndi marendi a makampani apamwamba ogulitsa zinthu omwe angalole a kampani aang'ono kudzikhazikitsa okha.
Chitukukocho chinadulidwa ndi chichirikizo champhamvu cha chitaganya ndipo kuyambira pamenepo chakhala chitsanzo cha kutukuka kwa madera oyenda. Kukwera pasiteshoni pa siteshoniko kunawonjezeka ndi 40 peresenti m’zaka ziŵiri zotseguka. Komiti ya kutha kwa nyumba inatsimikizira kuti nzika zomwe ziripo zikhoza kupindula ndi kupita patsogolo kwatsopano mmalo mwa kuthawa kwawo. Makampani a kumaloko amene analoŵa m'malo anthaka adwale anapangitsa alendo kuchokera kudutsa mzinda. Komiti ya advisor komiti ya bungwe la a bungwe la anthu inayamba kukhala ndi kugwirizana kwachikhalire kumene kukupitiriza kuchirikiza zikondwerero za chitaganyacho pamene kukula.
Kuyesa Kuthandiza kwa Kachipangizo Kothandiza
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amazindikira ubwino wa pangano la ukwati, kuyerekezera mmene lingakhalire ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kugwirizana pakati pa kutomerana ndi ntchito yothandiza n’kovuta kukhazikitsa. Kodi zimene anthu a m’deralo akuganiza kuti n’zothandizadi kapena zinatheka pa zifukwa zina?
Maboma a m’dziko angapereke mayankho a mafunso ameneŵa mwa kulinganiza njira zawo zopanga pangano kuyambira pachiyambi. Kufufuza kwapasadakhale kumakhazikitsa zikonda za maziko ndi nkhaŵa. Kufufuza kwa Post-yance kuyesa ngati otengamo mbaliwo amvedwa ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito. Kuyerekezera kwa malembo ndi zosankha zomalizira kumasonyeza mlingo wa kulinganiza pakati pa zopanga za chitaganya ndi zotsatira zenizeni. Kujambula ntchito, monga milingo ya kugwiritsa ntchito, mtengo wosungitsa, ndi chikhutiro cha wogwiritsira ntchito, kumapereka umboni wakuti pangano litsogolera ku zotulukapo zabwino.
Kufufuza kuyeneranso kupenda kuimira. Demographics ya otenga mbali ayenera kuyerekezeredwa ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu oyambukiridwa ndi kuwona mipata. Ngati magulu ena aikidwapo, njira za pangano zingasinthidwe kaamba ka ntchito za mtsogolo. Mkupita kwanthaŵi, njira imeneyi ya kuphunzira imakulitsa mphamvu ya kulinganiza kwa pangano, kupangitsa ntchito iliyonse yotsatizana kukhala yogwira ntchito koposa yomalizira. Maboma a kumalo amene amapanga kupenda kwadongosolo amapanga bungwe lomawonjezereka la umboni wa zimene zimagwira ntchito m’nkhani zawo, kuwalola kukonza njira zawozo nthaŵi zonse.
Kumaliza
Chiphunzitso cha chitaganya sichowonjezera ku kulinganiza kwa zamaziko; chiri chofunika chachikulu kaamba ka ntchito zimene zimakwaniritsa zolinga zawo mokhutiritsa ndi kupeza chidaliro cha anthu amene amazigwiritsira ntchito. Umboni ngwachiwonekere: ntchito zimene zimaphatikizapo pangano latanthauzo la chitaganya zimapanga mapulani abwino, zilolezo zofulumira, zotsika mtengo, ndi chikhutiro chachikulu. Zitokoso za kugawana, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa, ndi nthaŵi n’zotsimikizirika koma zimatsalira mwa kusungitsa mipangitsira, njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambirira ndi kopitirizabe kutengamo mbali, ndi zosonyezera zinthu zooneka bwino.
Pamene dongosolo la zinthu la zomangamanga likuwonjezereka ku United States, kufunika kwa kulinganiza anthu kwamphamvu kudzakula. Maboma amene amakulitsa maluso aubwenzi adzakhala ndi malo abwino operekera ntchito zimene zimakwaniritsa zosoŵa za anthu, kumanga chilikizo la ndale zadziko, ndi kuima pa nthaŵi yake. Anthu amene amapanga nawo mbali yokonza malo awo omangidwa amakhala audindo limodzi, kutsimikizira kuti kuyendetsa ndalama zapamwamba kubweretsa phindu losatha kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo. Mchitidwe wa kuchirikiza ntchito za zomanga nyumba za boma umasonyeza demokrase m’njira yake yoonekera kwambiri, kumene zosankha zopangidwa lerolino zimapanga maziko enieni a anthu a maŵa.