Malamulo Olamulira

United States Congress ili ndi thayo lalikulu kutsimikizira kuti malamulo a boma amatumikira chikondwerero cha anthu ndi kukhala mkati mwa malamulo oikidwa ndi. Ntchito imeneyi yauyang'aniro imachokera ku Constitution ’ kulekana kwa maulamuliro, kumene kumapatsa ulamuliro wa Congress wa geography ndi thayo la kuyang'anira ntchito ya kayendetsedwe ka akuluakulu. Popanda kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri, mabungwe a boma angaswe malamulo awo, kukhazikitsa malamulo olemetsa, kapena kuswa zolinga za lamulo. Kumvetsetsa lamulo limeneli nkofunika kwa aliyense wofufuza ulamuliro wa American.

Congress imapeza mphamvu yake yoyang'anira m'makonzedwe angapo a lamulo, kuphatikizapo mawu ofunika ndi oyenera (Aticle I, Chigawo 8) ndi mphamvu ya kachikwama (Katswiri, Gawo 9). Khoti Lalikulu latsimikizira mosalekeza kuti Nyumba za Malamulo zingafufuze ntchito za nthambi yaikulu monga mbali ya ntchito yake yopanga malamulo. Ulamuliro umenewu umawonjezera kupenda mmene mabungwe a boma amamasulira ndi kusungitsira malamulo kudzera m’lamulo. Monga chotulukapo chake, kuyang'anira sikuli kokha mwambo wa malamulo a boma koma kupenda kwa maziko a ulamuliro.

Service yofufuza ya Chikonyunizimu (CRMS) imafalitsa mokhazikika malipoti ofotokoza maziko alamulo a uyang’aniro, kugogomezera kuti Msonkhano uyenera kuyang'anira malamulo a boma kutetezera kuyang'anira demokalase. CRS imadziŵitsa kuti uyang'aniro umathandizira kuletsa kugwidwanso kwa lamulo, kumene mabungwe amaonedwa ku maindasitale amene amayang'anira, ndi kutsimikizira kuti malamulo amasonyeza mapindu a chikhalidwe m’dziko mmalo mwa zikondwerero zochepera.

Mmene Malamulo Oyendera Malamulo Amapangidwira

Asanafufuze njira zoyang’anira, nkofunika kumvetsetsa njira yoperekera malamulo. Nyumba za akulu zimakhazikitsa malamulo, koma kaŵirikaŵiri zimalamula mabungwe a nthambi akuluakulu kuti agwiritse ntchito malamulo amenewo kudzera mwa malamulo atsatanetsatane. Mwachitsanzo, Cease Air Act imavomereza Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kukhazikitsa miyezo ya m’mlengalenga. A bungwe la A bungwe la A bungwe la Accounting Procedure Act (A), lomwe limaphatikizapo kudziŵitsa ndi kupereka ndemanga pa zochitika za anthu.

Malamulo a malamulo amakhudzana ndi malamulo amene anaikidwapo. Amalongosola mwatsatanetsatane kuti malamulo kaŵirikaŵiri alibe, amalongosola tsatanetsatane wa zinthu monga malire a kutulutsa mpweya, malamulo a zachitetezo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena zofunika za kulengeza za ndalama.

Mabungwe amafalitsa malamulo operekedwa m'malamulo a Register ndi kupempha chivomerezo cha anthu. Atabwerera, amapanga malamulo omaliza, amene kenaka amaikidwa m'Chilamulo cha Federal Reformation (CFR). Mabungwe angaloŵererepo pa nthaŵi ya kumvetsera, kulankhulana kwamwayi, kapena kubwereramo mwalamulo pansi pa Congregation Review Act (CRA). CRA, yomwe inafotokozedwa pambuyo pake, imapereka njira yapadera yothetsera malamulo a kuthetsa ntchito pambuyo poperekedwa ku Msonkhano.

Kuyang’anira Zinthu Mwadongosolo

Kumva ndi Kufufuza kwa Malamulo

Kuweruza ndi chipangizo choonekera kwambiri. Makomiti ndi makomiti amaitana akuluakulu a mabungwe, mboni zaluso, ndi osungitsa milandu kuti apereke umboni wa malamulo odziŵika kapena mfundo zina. Kuzenga kumeneku kumathandiza kuti anthu adziwe malamulo osiyanasiyana: iwo amauza opanga malamulo, amavumbula mavuto, ndi kuchititsa anthu kukhala maso. Mwachitsanzo, Nyumba Oversight and Reformation Committee kaŵirikaŵiri imaweruza milandu ya EPA, Sacurities and ExC Commission (SEC), ndi mabungwe ena.

Kufufuza kusiyana ndi kuweruza kwa kachitidwe ka ka kaganizidwe chifukwa chakuti kaŵirikaŵiri amatsutsa kulakwa kapena kulephera kwa malamulo. Nyumba za malamulo zingapereke mapolopaa kuti aumirize umboni kapena zikalata. Zitsanzo zapamwamba zimaphatikizapo kufufuza mavuto a zachuma mu 2008, zimene zinatsogolera ku Dodd-Frank Act , ndi kufufuza mu EPAÙ kukhazikitsa malamulo a madzi oyera. Kufufuza kungakakamiza mabungwe kusintha kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo owongolera zinthu.

Mphamvu ya Chogulidwacho

Nyumba ya malamulo imayang'anira ndalama zimene boma limagwiritsa ntchito, kupatsa bungwelo mphamvu zambiri zoyendetsera malamulo. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoyendetsera malamulo, opanga malamulo angawonjezere, kutsika, kapena kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira pa mapulogalamu ena. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina, Nyumba ya Malamulo yachepetsa ntchito zina zosungitsa EPA kapena imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pokhazikitsa malamulo ena. Kulamulira kwa bajeti kumeneku kumathandiza kuti Nyumba za Ufumu zipange zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanda kukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano.

Boma la Authority Office ( GAO[FLT ,1]) imachirikiza Nyumba ya Malamulo mwa kupenda ndalama ndi kusimba ngati ndalama zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Kaŵirikaŵiri malipoti a GAO amagogomezera kukonzanso kapena kutayidwa kwa zinthu, kusonkhezera kachitidwe ka malamulo. M'chaka cha 2023, GAO anapereka malipoti ambiri onena za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa lamulo, kuphatikiza nkhani za zaumoyo ndi kutetezera malo okhala. Olemba malamulo amadalira pa madesikidwe ameneŵa kuti apange zosankha zandalama zodziŵikitsidwa bwino.

Congress Review (CRA)

CRA, yomwe inachitidwa mu 1996, imapatsa Congress njira yopatulira malamulo a boma. Pansi pa CRA, mabungwe ayenera kukhazikitsa lamulo lomaliza lililonse ku zipinda zonse ziŵiri za Congress ndi ku GAO. Ngati Nyumba ya Malamulo ipereka chigamulo chimodzi cha kusavomerezana pakati pa masiku 60 a malamulo, ndipo pulezidenti akusonyeza kuti lamulolo latha. CRA amaletsanso bungwelo kuti lisapereke lamulo lofanana kwambiri m’tsogolo.

Njira imeneyi yagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Pambuyo pa kuyang'anira Trump, Congress inapempha CRA kuti ibwezere malamulo 16, kuphatikizapo malamulo a zachinsinsi pa Internet ndi kuyang'anira mfuti. M'manja a Biden, CRA yagwiritsiridwa ntchito mosalekeza koma idakali chida m'malo oyang'anira. Otsutsa amanena kuti CRA ingakhale yopanda mphamvu, pakuti imaletsa kusintha kosinthasintha kwa malamulo. Komabe, imapereka mayeso amphamvu pa kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma.

Malipoti ndi Mafuno a Zikalata

Kuwonjezera pa kuweruza ndi kulinganiza ndalama, bungwe la Congress limafuna kuti mabungwe azipereka malipoti a nthawi zonse okhudza malamulo oyendetsera zinthu.

Fateral eRulel potting Port (Malamulo.gov) ndi chiŵiya chachikulu cha Congress ndi anthu. Imapanga madoko onse a boma kupanga malamulo, kulola opanga malamulo kulondola ndemanga zapoyera ndi kulungamitsa kwa mabungwe. Makomiti ena amasunga zolembera zamkati zimene zochita za kudutsa ndi malamulo ndi malamulo, kukhazikitsa mabungwe osachedwetsa kuchitika.

Ofesi Zolembedwa pa Tchata: GAO ndi CBO

Boma Accounting Accounting Office ndi Congressional Baccultural Office (CBO) imapereka chithandizo cha makampani. GAO imafufuza mmene ntchito ya bungwelo imagwirira ntchito ndi kuyendetsa bwino zinthu, pamene CBO akuyerekezera zotsatirapo za malamulo ndi malamulo oikidwa. Malipoti awo ali ndi mphamvu chifukwa chakuti sali a mbali ndipo amafufuzidwa mosamalitsa. Mwachitsanzo, CBO amayerekezera mtengo wa malamulo atsopano a malo okhala a makampani ndi ogula zinthu, kuthandiza Nyumba ya Malamulo kupenda mapindu ake pa katundu.

Ntchito ya Makomiti pa Uyang’aniro

Makomitiwa ndi amene amathandiza kwambiri kuti bungweli liziyang’anira malamulo a boma.

Makomiti Oima

Komiti ya Nyumba ya Malo ndi yogwirizana ndi malamulo a malo osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Komiti ya Nyumba ya Malamulo pa Bank, Nyumba, ndi Urban Affairs imayang'anira malamulo a zachuma, kuphatikizapo aja operekedwa ndi bungwe la SeC ndi Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Komiti ya Nyumba ya Energy and Committee imagwira ntchito za malo okhala ndi zipatala ndi malamulo a zaumoyo. Makomiti ameneŵa amasunga milandu, amalemba malamulo, ndi malipoti a nkhani.

Makomiti Aakulu

Makomiti ang'onoang'ono amalola uyang'aniro wowonjezereka. komiti imodzi yoima ingakhale ndi makomiti ang'onoang'ono asanu kufikira khumi, iriyonse yobisa chigawo chapansi. Mwachitsanzo, Komiti ya Nyumba pa Judia iri ndi makhonde aing'ono pa Konsichushoni, pa kusamuka, ndi pa kampani yolimbana ndi. Ofesi a chigawo chakunsi angafufuze machitidwe obwezera lamulo amene amagwera pansi pa komiti ya kholo Ù ma radarada, onga ngati chikalata cha chitsogozo chimodzi cha bungwe kapena kachitidwe kena kosungitsira.

Mipando yapansi imakhala ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu. Iwo angalinganize kumvetsera, mboni zachipani cha Nazi, ndi malipoti a kulembetsa. Chifukwa chakuti mamembala aang'ono ali ndi ziŵalo zochepa, iwo kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga zoyesayesa zatsatanetsatane ndi zoyang’anira zigawo za biparta. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa malamulo, monga ngati Food Safety Modernization Act, yoyambitsidwa m'ntchito yaing’ono.

Sankhani Makomiti Apadera

Nyumba ya boma nthaŵi zina imakhazikitsa makomiti a kanthaŵi kuti afufuze nkhani za mwamsanga. Mwachitsanzo, Nyumba Common Computee on the Coronavirus Crisis inapangidwa mu 2020 kuyang'anira kuyankha kwa boma ku mliriwo, kuphatikizapo malamulo a kuyesa ndi akatemera. Makomiti ameneŵa amagwira ntchito kunja kwa kakonzedwe ka komiti kokhazikika koma idakali ndi mphamvu ya kuvomereza malamulo.

Makomiti a anthu aŵiri, okhala ndi ziwalo za zipinda zonse ziŵiri, nawonso amayang’anira. Mwachitsanzo, Joint Economic Committee, imapenda mmene malamulo amakhudzira kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma. Ngakhale kuti makomiti a bungwe limodzi ali ndi ulamuliro wochepa wa malamulo, iwo akupanga maphunziro osonkhezera amene amapanga makambitsirano a zauyang’aniro.

Kufufuza Nkhani za Mlandu Molongosoka

Kuyendera Ndege ndi Kuyang’anira Ndege Zaukhondo

Cleena Air Act (CAA) ndi limodzi la malamulo apadera a malo okhala. Chiyambire kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu 1970, Nyumba ya Malamulo yasintha kangapo, kaŵirikaŵiri poyankha zimene zapezedwa. Zochita zazikulu zauyang'anira zimaphatikizapo:

  • Kumvetsera pa EPA’s Ambentient Servetus Sight Servetus ya EMer Servetus (NAAQS): Nyumba nthaŵi zonse imaitana oyang'anira EPA kuti apereke umboni wa sayansi wotsendereza kapena kumasula miyezo ya ozone ndi yogaŵanitsa zinthu. Mu 2023, Komiti ya Nyumba Energy ndi za Zamalonda inali ndi kufunsa mayankhidwe otsutsana ndi mapindu a malamulo a NaAQS.
  • Kuŵerengera kwa EPA: GAO yatulutsa malipoti otsutsa kulephera kwa EPA kukwaniritsa nthaŵi yogwirizana ndi malamulo kaamba ka kupenda mapulani a kukwaniritsa boma. Mapikitalewa anatsogolera Nyumba za Malamulo kukhazikitsa zofunika ndi mikhalidwe ya ndalama m'malipiro otsatira.
  • [[FLT: 0] Conregational Review Act imatokosa: Mu 2019, Msonkhano unagwiritsira ntchito CRA kugwetsa lamulo la EPA limene linakulitsa kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya pa zinthu zazing'ono. Chigamulo chosavomereza chinagogomezera nkhaŵa za bipartisan ponena za kugonjera kwa mpweya.

Uyang’aniro umenewu umatsimikizira kuti EPA imalinganiza chitetezo cha malo okhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa chuma, kuletsa bungwelo kukhazikitsa miyezo yosatsimikizirika popanda chiyambukiro cha chigwirizano.

Lamulo la Dodd-Flackment ndi Kubwezera Ndalama

Pambuyo pa mavuto a zachuma a 2008, Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Dodd-Flard Wall Street Reformation and Consumer Protection Act, imene inakhazikitsa CFPB ndi kuika malamulo okhwima pa mabanki ndi misika ya zachuma.

  • Chilengedwe cha Financial Stability Overst Council (FSOC): Congress inalamula kuti FSOC, yemwe ali mpambo wa Khirisimasi, atchule maupandu ku dongosolo la zachuma. Komiti ya zachuma ya Nyumba imakhala ndi milandu ya chaka ndi chaka pa ntchito za FSOC ndi matchulidwe a mabungwe ofunika kwambiri osakhala a m’mabanki.
  • FPB Octs: CFPB imatumiza malipoti a kaŵiri ku Congress, ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Mabunki ikuchititsa kutsimikizira kugamulidwa kwa mkulu wa CFPB. Mu 2023, kumvetsera kosumikidwa pa lamulo la CFPB’S lopanga malonda aang'ono obwereketsa zinthu, ndi mamembala okayikira chitetezo cha makampani achinsinsi a bungwelo.
  • Ziletso za buluzi: Mapepala ena otsatsa kugawa ntchito za CFPB kapena kuletsa ndalama zake kuchokera ku Federal Reserve . Pamene kuli kwakuti okwera pa mahatchiwa sakhala lamulo, amalengeza kusakondwa kwa msonkhano ndi kukakamiza bungwelo kuwongolera zinthu zake zofunika.

Dodd - Flader akusonyeza mmene Nyumba za Ufumu zingagwiritsire ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana monga makutu, bajeti, ndi kusintha malamulo, kuti mabungwe a kayendetsedwe ka zinthu azikhala ndi kagulu kakang’ono.

Malamulo Osamalira Zaumoyo: Chilamulo cha Kusamalira Kosawonongeka ndi CMS

Chikalata cha Affordble Care ACA cha 2010 chinakhazikitsa malamulo ambirimbiri kuchokera ku Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) ndi mabungwe ena. Malamulo a ACA akhala othandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha kuvuta ndi kugaŵikana kwa malamulo:

  • Kumvetsera malamulo a inshuwalansi: Komiti ya Nyumba Njira ndi Matsi yakhala ndi kugamula ponena za mmene malamulo a CMS amayambukirira ndalama zowonongedwa ndi kutengamo mbali. Mu 2022, komiti inapenda chiyambukiro cha malamulo osayembekezereka a zipatala ndi odwala.
  • GAO pa Medicare Party D: GAO mobwerezabwereza inasimba kuti malamulo a CMS kaamba ka kutsegulidwa kwa mankhwala ovomerezedwa anali osamveka, kuchititsa kusokonezeka. Malamulo anagwiritsira ntchito malipoti ameneŵa kulemba Drug Pregistration Price Negotiation Act, imene inakhala lamulo mu 2022.
  • Monga ndi kusintha kwa malamulo: Mu 2021, Congress inayesa kugwetsa lamulo la CMS limene linafutukula kujambula kwa patelefoni mkati mwa mliriwo. Ngakhale kuti chigamulo chosavomerezedwacho chinalephera, chinasonkhezera CMS kukonzanso lamulolo ndi mfundo zolunjika kwambiri.

Nkhani zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti uyang’aniro suli njira imodzi yokha yopezera zonse. Nyumba ya Malamulo imalinganiza kupenda kwake mozikidwa pa kufunika kwa lamulolo, kufalikira kwake kwa ndale zadziko, ndi kulabadira kwa bungwe loloŵetsedwamo.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Poyang’anira Bwino

Ngakhale kuti malamulo a boma ali ndi lamulo ndiponso ziŵiya zothandizira, kuyang’anira malamulo a boma kumakumana ndi mavuto aakulu.

Kusintha Malo Okhala ndi Malaŵi

Magawano a magulu amayambitsa uyang'aniro. Makomiti angapereke mayeso osasonkhanitsa chidziŵitso koma kutsata mfundo za ndale zadziko. Pamene chipani chimodzi chilamulira White House ndi maulamuliro ena, uyang'aniro ungachotsedwe kukhala malo otsekereza kapena kuonetsa ziyeso. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa ulamuliro wa Obama, House Republicans adayambitsa kufufuza kochuluka mu EPA ndi IRS, kumene otsutsa ambiri amawona kukhala oletsedwa mmalo opindulitsa. Komabe, boma limodzi lingatsogolere ku kunyalanyaza uyang'aniro wa mabungwe okondedwa. Parvia mayan manenas kaŵirikaŵiri amatulutsa lipoti la zamwambo wolephera kuchotsapo masinthidwe.

Kuvuta Kumvetsa Ndiponso Kusiyana kwa Njira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Mabuku

Malamulo amakono ngopangidwa ndi luso lapamwamba. Malamulo a kulanda carbon, zochokera ku ndalama, kapena a injini ya chakudya amafuna chidziŵitso chapadera chimene ziŵalo zambiri za Nyumba za Malamulo sizili . Antchito a Komiti angathandize, koma kusintha ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zoikidwiratu. Chiŵerengero cha antchito aluso m'makomiti a Nyumba chatsika ndi 20% kuyambira 2010, mogwirizana ndi Creveratical Management Foundation [1]. Kulephera kumeneku kupangitsa opanga malamulo kukhala ovuta kupenda malamulo ovuta a sayansi kapena a zachuma.

Nthaŵi zina mabungwe amagwiritsira ntchito kucholoŵana kumeneku mwa kukhazikitsa malamulo ambirimbiri ndi machenjezo ochulukirapo, akumayembekezera kugonjetsa. Nyumba za malamulo zingabwezere kumbuyo mwa kufuna malongosoledwe otayitsa ndalama, koma kupenda kokhako kungakhale kopeka. Vutoli limakula ndi unyinji wa malamulo — Fateral Register Masamba 70,000 pachaka, kuposa mmene komiti iliyonse ingawapendere.

Kulephera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Opangira Zinthu ndi Nthaŵi

Congress ili ndi zinthu zochepa zoyang'anira. Pamene kuli kwakuti GAO ndi CBO amapereka chichirikizo, mphamvu yawo ili ndi malire. Malipoti abwino kwambiri a Congregational Research Service, koma ofufuza ake kaŵirikaŵiri amachepa. Ndiponso, kalenda ya malamulo imadzaza ndi mavoti a pansi, misonkhano ya msonkhano, ndi ntchito ya bungwe. Kumvetsera kwa anthu kaŵirikaŵiri kumangokhala chabe, ndipo mamembala ake amagaŵanitsa nthaŵi pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Kukula kwa ombanibus aub ndi njira zopimira mofulumira kumachepetsa mipata ya kupendanso mwatsatanetsatane.

Kuphatikizanso apo, Congressional Review Act imakhazikitsa windo lolimba la masiku 60 kuti agwetse malamulo. Twindo limeneli lingakhale laling'ono kwambiri kulephera malamulo ovuta kwambiri otsalira patali. Ngati mawindo atseka, kugwetsa lamulo kumafuna kukhazikitsa lamulo latsopano, limene nlovuta pa zandale.

Kutsutsa Kochitidwa ndi Agency ndi Zochitika Zake

Mabungwe otsogolera nthaŵi zina amakana kuyang'anira mwa kuchedwetsa kuyankha kwa mafuno a nkhani, kupempha mwaŵi wa akuluakulu, kapena kugawa mapepala. Ngakhale kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo ingapereke malamulo ang'onoang'ono, kutsata kochitidwa mwa kunyoza Congress kumavuta ndipo kumafuna chivoti cha pansi kapena khoti. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, akuluakulu ambiri a mabungwe atsutsa malamulo, kutseguliratu nkhondo zimene zimaletsa kuyang'anira kwa miyezi kapena zaka. Kutsutsa kumeneku kumafooketsa maziko a chidziŵitso amene amafunikira uyang'aniro wogwira ntchito.

Kukula kwa Zikalata Zotsogolera

Makampani amadalira kwambiri zikalata zotsogolera, zimene sizili ndi mphamvu ya malamulo koma zoyendetsedwa bwino pa njira yovomerezeka ndi malamulo. Malangizo angasinthe mwamsanga popanda chidziŵitso cha anthu kapena kupenda mfundo za bungwe, kunyalanyaza njira zamwambo zopangira malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro yapereka malangizo pa mutu wa Itting IX yokhazikitsa malamulo amene amalembanso popanda kugwiritsa ntchito APA. Mabungwe ena ayesetsa kukhazikitsa malangizo otsogolera. Makomiti ena apereka malangizo otsogolera Otsegulira Udima Act, ofuna kuonekera bwino kwa zinthu, koma sanathe. Kufikira pamene Nyumba ya Malamulo yapeza njira yoyang'anira mapepala, uyang'aniro wake udzakhala wosakwanira.

Kulimbikitsa Uyang’aniro wa Magulu

Masinthidwe angapo apangidwa kuwonjezera mphamvu ya Nyumba ya Malamulo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwa ogwira ntchito m'komiti, kufutukula windo la CRA, kufuna mabungwe kuti apereke malangizo kwa Nyumba ya Malamulo, ndi kukhazikitsa Office ya Regatoriation Office pa nthambi ya malamulo. Ochirikiza ena amaitana kaamba ka masiku a kulowa kwa dzuŵa pa malamulo aakulu, kukakamiza kulembedwanso kwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi. Ena akulingalira kuti pakhale kupenda mapulogalamu kuti aperekere a akatswiri m’makomiti.

Ngakhale kuti njira yothetsera vutoli ingathetsedwe, mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yofanana ndi imeneyi: Nyumba za Ufumu ziyenera kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zake kuti zigwirizane ndi malamulo ovuta a boma.

Kumaliza

Nyumba ya Malamulo yakhazikitsa ndi maziko a ulamuliro wa demokrase wa America. Mwa makutu, kuyendetsa bajeti, Congregational Review Act, ndi ntchito ya makomiti apadera, Congress imavomereza kuti mabungwe a boma adzayang'anira malamulo amene akugwira. Komabe, kugaŵana, zinsinsi, ndi zipatala zopinitsira zimapereka zopinga zosatha. Mwa kuphunzira njira, zovuta, ndi kufufuza kochitidwa pamwambapa, ophunzira ndi madokotala angayamikire bwino lomwe kulinganiza bwino lomwe pakati pa zolinga za malamulo ndi kachitidwe ka ka ka ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ka makampani.

Kuyang’anira kothandiza kumafuna khama nthawi zonse. Nyumba za Ufumu zikamachita khama ndiponso ukatswiri, zimateteza anthu kuti asachenjerere anthu ndipo zimaonetsetsa kuti malamulo a boma athandiza anthu onse.