M'ndale za ku America, oyembekezera kukhala ndi mbali yachitatu ya nkhondo ya m'mbuyomu yakhala ikulimbana ndi kupeza ndalama zofunikira kuti apikisane ndi makina otchuka a gulu la Democratic ndi Republican. Njira yaikulu yothandizira kulinganiza malo oseŵera ndi Komiti ya Achitidwe a Zandale (PAC). Mabungwe odziimira okha ameneŵa amapereka njira yofunika kwambiri yothandizira ndalama, kugawa, ndi kuvota, kaŵirikaŵiri kupanga kusiyana pakati pa ndawala yotsutsana ndi pulogalamu yosagwirizana ndi njira ziŵiri zotsutsira.

Kodi Mabuku Opanda Ogwirizana Nchiyani?

Ma PAC ndi makomiti a ndale zadziko omwe amakweza ndi kuwonongera ndalama kusonkhezera masankho a boma koma sagwirizana ndi bungwe lililonse, bungwe la antchito, mayanjano a malonda, kapena komiti ya ofunsira. Mosiyana ndi kugwirizanitsa PCs . Zopangidwa ndi mabungwe ena monga wantchito wa bungwe la PCA kapena kampani ya ndale zadziko ya . Nthanga zingapangidwe ndi anthu, magulu auchigawenga, kapena magulu ogwirizana osakhala a gulu la anthu amene ali ndi cholinga chimodzi cha ndale zadziko omwe ali ndi cholinga chimodzi.

Pansi pa Federal Ecommunition Campaign Act (FECA), PC iyenera kulembetsa ndi Federal Ecomment Commission (FEC) ikalandira ndalama zoposa $1000 m’zopereka kapena kupanga ndalama zoposa $1000 pachaka. Ma PC osagwirizana amagonjera ku malire ofanana ndi malamulo a PACIPU ndi kuulula monga momwe kulili kulilibe bungwe la kholo lolipirira zinthu. Kudziimira kokha kumawapatsa ufulu koma amaikanso mtolo wa kupereka ndalama pa zoyesayesa zawo zokha.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli kwakuti ma PAC angapereke mwachindunji kwa makomiti ofunsira (kufikira $5,000 pa chisankho) ndipo angapangenso ndalama zodziimira zowonongedwa pa kusatsa malonda kapena kulankhulana kumene kumachirikiza kapena kutsutsana ndi wobatizidwa, malinga ngati palibe kugwirizana kwa wofunsirayo. Kupanga kuŵiriku kumawachititsa kukhala okopa kwa odzipereka kwa atatu amene kaŵirikaŵiri alibire migwirizano ya opereka a mamembala aakulu.

Malinga ndi MPHAMBITSO za MPUNDO PACS , PCC , ndi gulu lalikulu lomwe limaphatikizapo PPAC, PCs yodziŵika, ndi utsogoleri (Iutsogoleri wa boma B (I L) amagwirizanitsidwa ndi woyang'anira, osati wachitatu). Chofunika kwambiri ndicho kusoŵa kwa bungwe la kampani kapena bungwe lothandizira antchito.

Chifukwa Chake Otsatira Masukulu Achitatu Amadalira Mabuku Osakhala Ogwirizana

Ofuna kukhala ndi mbali yachitatu amayang'anizana ndi vuto la kuwonongeka kwa mavoti a United States. Iwo alibe maziko oyendetsera ntchito za magulu aŵiri aakulu, kaŵirikaŵiri amachotsedwa m'makambitsirano a kusankha, ndipo amalandira kukambitsirana kochepa kwambiri kwa ofalitsa nkhani. Ma PC osagwirizana amathandiza mabilobu otsegukawawa mwa kupereka:

  • Chuma: zopereka zachindunji ku ndawala ndi zowonongedwa pazosatsa, kusanthula, ndi ntchito.
  • Kusonkhanitsa: [1] Zoyesayesa za panthaka kuphatikizapo kugogoda pakhomo, kutumiza foni, ndi kutumiza makalata zimene zimafutukutsa uthenga wa wofunsirayo m'madera aakulu.
  • Issue advocacy: Ndawala zamaphunziro zimene zimasonkhezera malo alamulo ogwirizana ndi papulatifomu yachitatu popanda kuitana mwachindunji chivoti.
  • Kukhoza: Kukhalapo kwa PPAC yochirikiza zizindikiro kwa ofuna kugawira ndi ovota kuti ndawalayo ikhoza kukwaniritsidwa ndi kulinganizidwa.

Kwa opita ku libetariarian Party, Green Party, ndi Constitution Party, ma PAC amene sanagwirizanitsidwe ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri ndiwo magwero aakulu a kudziko. Popanda chichirikizo chimenechi, ngakhale oloŵa m'pangano ochititsa kaso kwambiri angavutike kugula makampani, kulemba ganyu, kapena kupita ku maboma oyambirira.

Mmene Mapaudi Osagwirizanitsidwa Amachirikizira Mkupiti Wachitatu wa Mbali

Zopereka Zandalama Zolunjika

Ma PAC osalumikizidwa angapereke $5,000 pa chisankho chimodzi (choŵerengedwa mwapadera ndi chachisawawa). Pamene kuli kwakuti kachikhoka kameneka kali kodzichepetsa poyerekezera ndi mamiliyoni othera m'mafuko a pulezidenti, kangakhale njira yopulumutsira nyumba ndi nyumba yachitatu ya ofunsira amene kaŵirikaŵiri amakweza chiwonkhetso chochepera pa $10,000. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2016, Green Party ya Jill Stein analandira ndalama zachindulo zimene zinathandiza kusungitsa magalimoto ndi malipiro a antchito.

Ofuna kukhala ndi mbali yachitatu amapindulanso ndi zopereka za PC zimene zimafika pa masabata omalizira a ndawala, kugula malonda aing'ono omalizira kapena kukwaniritsa GOTV (kuchokera ku kampani). Chifukwa chakuti zopereka zimenezi n’zochepa, zopanda ogwirizana kaŵirikaŵiri zimawonjezera ndi ndalama zowonongedwa pazokha, zimene sizimagulitsidwa ndi lamulo la boma.

Zoyendera za M’mabwinja

Zowonongedwa zaumwini ndizo chiŵiya champhamvu koposa kwa ma PAC. Iwo angawononge ndalama zosaŵerengeka pa zoulutsira mawu, makalata achindunji, kusatsa malonda kwa pa wailesi, ndipo ngakhale kutsatsa maprogramu a foni , malinga ngati ndalama zosagwirizana ndi ndawala ya ofunsira. Kwa ofunsira achitatu, APAC otchuka kwambiri angapange mkupiti wofanana umene umadziŵikitsa wofunsira amene sangafune kumva uthenga wawo.

Mu 2012, bungwe la Libertarian Party la Gary Johnson linalandira ndalama zoyendera paokha kuchokera ku bungwe la Libertarian Party ndi ku Mapasa amodzi oimira mtundu umodzi a Chipani cha Libertus adasumika maganizo pa kuvomereza mwalamulo ndi kutsata dzina lake. Mauthengawa anawonjezera kutchuka kwake m'maboma kumene anali kuŵerengera pafupi ndi pepala la 5% limene linafunikira kuti boma liyambitse ndalama zoyendera limodzi m'masankhoti a m’tsogolo.

Chifukwa chakuti kugwirizanitsa kuli koletsedwa, PC iyenera kuchita modziimira. Kulekana kumeneku kungakhale lupanga lolimba ndi malupanga aŵiri: PAC imasankha uthenga ndi nthaŵi, zimene sizingagwirizane ndi njira ya wofunsirayo. Koma ndalama zonse, zowonongedwa pazokha zimapereka chiyambukiro cha kuchuluka kumene palibe galimoto ina ya zachuma imene imapereka mkupiti wachitatu.

Kuphunzira ndi Kutulutsa Zopangapanga

Pambuyo pa ndalama, ma PAC osalumikizidwa amachititsa kutchuka kwa kukopa ndi kuvota. Amalinganiza misonkhano, maholo a tauni, ndi zochitika za pa Intaneti zimene zimakulitsa pulatifomu ya wobatizidwa. Ma PC ambiri otchulidwa ndi ma PC . Mofanana ndi aja osumika maganizo pa kusintha malamulo a anamgoneka, kusintha kosankhika, kapena chiweruzo cha malo okhala ndi malo amodzi. Iwowa amapanga zinthu zophunzitsira, wolandira makampani a makampani oonera mafilimu, ndi kuyendetsa ndawala za makampani zimene zimadziŵitsa anthu kuti akope za kayendetsedwe kakedwe ka nkhani inayake.

Kusintha kochitidwa ndi ma PAC kungaphatikizepo zoyesayesa zosagwirizana ndi kutulutsa mlingo wapadera zimene zimachitika kutchula wobatizidwa wachitatu. Mwachitsanzo, wovota wochirikiza paC wotchuka angachirikize otumiza makalata amene ofunsirawo adavomereza kusinthako, kuwonjezera mosadziŵika bwino kampani yachitatu yolimbirana. Pamene kuli kwakuti ntchito zimenezi ziyenera kusimbidwa ku FEC, iwo kaŵirikaŵiri amathaŵa kupenda malonda otsatsa malonda otsatiridwa chifukwa chakuti APAC sagwirizana ndi ndawala yapadera.

Phindu lalikulu la PC lopitira ku kampani ndilo kuti ikhoza kuukira malo ovota , achinyamata, osamalira malo okhala, otetezera malo okhala, kapena ochotsa opangidwa ndi opangidwa. Mwakusumika chuma pa kutseguka kwapamwamba kapena magulu okhoza kukopa, PACs amakulitsa mphamvu ya bajeti yawo yochepa.

Kupereka Ndalama Zochuluka

Maziko a Kupereka Ndalama

Ma PALIC amene sagwirizana ndi oyembekezera kukhala ndi mbali yachitatu amatenga zopereka kuchokera ku mitu yosiyanasiyana: anthu amene amadzimva opatulidwa ndi magulu aŵiri aakulu, opereka a madolangthropist a pa Intaneti, opanga chithandizo cha makope a makope, ndi nthaŵi zina, osungitsa ndalama za munthu mmodzi wolemera. Mosiyana ndi ma PCs amene angadalire pa ndalama zoperekedwa ndi antchito a bungwe, APAC amene sagwirizana ndi makampani ayenera kukulitsa maziko awo operekera chithandizo kudzera m'makalata a makalata, masheyalansi, ndi manyuzipepala, ndi manyuzipepala.

Woperekayo amasiyana ndi malingaliro. Ma pulogalamu a Libetarian-leaning PAC amakopa zopereka kuchokera kwa ochirikiza boma lopereŵera ndi misika yaulere, pamene Green Party-aligned PACs amapeza chichirikizo kuchokera kwa ochirikiza malo okhala ndi achilungamo cha anthu. Malinga ndi Aublets a data ya pa PCs , ndalama zothandizira pa PC yosakhala yogwirizana ndi makampani, kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala zazing'ono kwa [makolopeti achitatu], kusonyeza mkhalidwe waudzu wa ndalama zopereka.

Njira Zothandiza Kupeza Ndalama

Kuti athandize ntchito, ma PAC amagwiritsira ntchito njira zambiri zoperekera ndalama. Izi zimaphatikizapo mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti monga Act Blue kapena Win Red (Ngakhale kuti zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa anthu akuluakulu ofuna kulandira magawo), mkupiti wa makalata ku ndandanda ya malingaliro, ndi zochitika zoperekera zokhala m’mayiko omwe ali ndi malire ochepa kwambiri kuti apeze ndalama zokwana. Ma PAC amagwiritsanso ntchito mphatso zofananazo popereka anthu aang'ono.

Njira ina ndi yakuti: wolinganiza PAC alimbikitse opereka ndalama zambiri kupereka ndipo kenaka akupereka chiwonkhetso monga chisonyezero cha kuchirikiza. Pamene kuli kwakuti kulumikiza kuli kofala kwambiri m'ndale zazikulu, kungakhale kothandiza kwa ma PAC a gawo lachitatu amene angasonyeze kuchuluka kwa opereka mphatso apadera. FEC imafuna kuti anthu opereka ndalama aulule anthu amene amapereka ndalama zopitirira $200 pachaka, choncho kuwala kumamangidwa m'dongosolo la zinthu.

Kusintha maseŵero pa Intaneti ndi makampani monga GoFoundMe komanso ngakhale zida zothandizira anthu otsala alola kuti ma PAC alowe m’madera amene akufuna kusintha zinthu koma akufalikira. Ngakhale kuti pali malamulo ovuta, ma PC omwe sagwirizana ndi makompyuta omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoperewera kwambiri popanga ndalama, amathandiza kwambiri.

Ntchito Yotsatira Malamulo ndi Kukhazikitsa Malamulo

Malamulo a FEC

Ma PAC onse osalumikizidwa ayenera kulembetsa ndi FEC ndi mafaelo malipoti okhazikika olengeza zopereka ndi zowonongedwa. Iwo amapatsidwa malire: munthu angapereke $5,000 pachaka ku PC, ndipo PAC angalandire $5,000 pachaka kuchokera ku projekiti ina. Komabe, palibe malire a ndalama zimene PC ingawonongere pa zowonongedwa pawekha, kapena kuchuluka kwa ndalama zimene ingapereke kwa anthu pa chifuno chimenecho (mwakubala kwa anthu onsewo ndalama zokwana $5,000 [$50,000] pachaka).

Ochirikiza achitatu ayenera kukhala osamala kusagwirizana ndi oyembekezera kubatizidwa amene akuchirikiza. Kugwirizana kumaphatikizapo kugawana chidziŵitso chofufuza, kukambitsirana njira yolembera, kapena kupereka ndawala ya ndandanda ya opereka. Kuswa malamulo kungatuluke ndi faindi kapena kutumiza ku Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo. FEC' tsamba lokakamiza tsatanetsatane wa milandu yokhudzana ndi malamulo a kagwirizanitsedwe ka zinthu.

Zofunika za Kutetezera

Kuoneka bwino kuli maziko a lamulo la ndawala. Ma PAC osalumikizidwa ayenera kusimba dzina, keyala, ntchito, ndi bwana wa wopereka aliyense amene amapereka ndalama zoposa $200 m'chaka cha kalendala. Ayeneranso kuvumbula ndalama zowonongedwa paokha zoposa $50 mwatsatanetsatane. Kuvumbula kumeneku kumachititsa atolankhani ndi agalu oyang'anira kuti aone mmene ndalama zikuyendera kwa ofunsira achitatu, komanso kumaika operekawo ku ngozi yothekera ku kubwerera kumbuyo [1] ngozi imene ingatenthe ku ku kuukira ndawala yachitatu yotsutsana ndi makampani.

Dislare inakakamizanso kuti PC igwirizane ndi gulu lotsatira kapena wosunga chuma amene amamvetsetsa malamulo a FEC. Ma PAC ambiri aang'ono osalumikizidwa akulimbana ndi mtolo wa boma, umene ungadye m'mabanki awo. Komabe, malo oyendetsera anapangidwa kuti alinganize kulankhula kwaufulu ndi kuonekera, ndi ma PAC achitatu amene amatsatira malamulowo azikhala odalirika.

Zomwe Zingakulepheretseni Kuchita Zinthu Zina

Monga momwe taonera, anthu angapereke ndalama zokwana madola 5,000 pachaka ku PC. Mpata umenewu ndi woyang'anira kukwera mtengo kwa ndalama koma umakhala wotsika poyerekezera ndi zopereka zosaŵerengeka zololedwa ku ma PAC (imene siingapereke mwachindunji kwa oyembekezera). Kwa oyembekezera achitatu amene amalandira ndalama za PC mwachindunji, chipewa chimenechi chimatanthauza kuti sangadalire pa PC imodzi yokha kuti apeze ndalama zambiri. M’malo mwake, ayenera kusonkhanitsa pamodzi za APAC ndi opereka ambiri.

Chinsinsi chimodzi: PC ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri koma imaperekanso ndalama zokwana madola 5,000 kwa wofuna kuikiza.

Zitsanzo Zakale za Mapasa Osagwirizanitsidwa ndi Atsamunda ndi Achigawo Chachitatu

Ross Perot ndi United Ife Tiima ku America

Ngakhale kuti Ross Perot motchuka anatchuka ndi kuthamanga kwa pulezidenti wake 1992 ndi 1996, gulu lake United We Stand America (UWSA) linachita mofanana ndi PCAC .UWSA inakweza ndalama kuchokera ku mamembala, kugaŵira zitsogozo za ovota, ndi kufalitsa mauthenga amene anachirikiza mwachindunji unduna wa Perot. Mu 1996, gululi linawononga mamiliyoni ambiri pa zotaika pawekha, kuthandiza Perot kusungika pafupifupi 8% ya voti yotchuka ya Electoral College .

Chitsanzo cha Perot chikusonyeza mmene nyumba yonga pa C ingachirikizire mbali yachitatu ya chigawo cha stem ngakhale ngati wofuna kuloŵayo salamulira mwachindunji ndalama za gululo.

Ralph Nader ndi Nzika ya Boma ya PAC

Ndemanga za Nader za Party za parade 2000 ndi 2004 zinapindula ndi ntchito ya magazini osiyanasiyana yotchedwa PACs, kuphatikizapo aja amene anali m'gulu la anthu ogula ndi magulu ena ogulitsa. Ma PACS ameneŵa sanavomereze Nader mobwerezabwereza, koma nkhani yawo yotsatsa malonda, malo okhala, ndi mlandu wa makampani inagwirizana kwambiri ndi pulatifomu yake. Mu 2000, ndalama zowonongedwa pawekha ndi anthu osakhala ogwirizana ndi boma zinathandiza Nader kukwaniritsa 2.7% ya voti ya dzikolo . Mapepalawa sanavomereze kuti nkhani za malondawo zinakhudza Al Gore Peadernea.

Gary Johnson ndi Libertarian PaCs

Mu 2012 ndi 2016, Gary Johnson anathamanga monga bungwe la Libertarian Party nominee. Mgwirizano wa APAC, monga Chipani cha Libertrian cha United States cha PPAC ndi magulu odziimira okha monga "Gary Johnson 2012" (amene anali kugwira ntchito monga PPAC), anakweza ndalama zotsatsa malonda ndi kupezeka kwa makampani. Mu 2016, Johnson analandira 3.3% ya voti yovota (3 peresenti ya wosankha wotchuka kwambiri pa magawo atatu kuyambira Ross Perot . Malinga ndi [FLT:] FEC zopereka zaumwini , mazana ambiri a ndalama zotsala zosagwirizana ndi zogwirizana ndi PC zinawonongedwa ndi Prosonson mu 2016, pa makampani ambiri a malonda ndi kutumiza malonda.

Jill Stein ndi Mapac a Green

Jill Stein's 2012 ndi 2016, ndawala zinadaliranso pa ma PAC, makamaka pa A Green Party ya dziko lonse la Pactic ndi "Umboni wa Pulezidenti" komiti yomwe poyamba inali komiti yofunsira koma inawonjezeredwa ndi PCs . Mu 2016, gulu lotchedwa "Jill Stein for Victory Fund" (komiti yogwirizana ya gulu lopereka ndalama) inaika ndalama m'makampani aumwini, koma MapaC osagwirizana ndi ma projekiti monga "Mpandu Wathu" (osati kwenikweni ndi pulogalamu ya PaC) ndi PCs inalengeza malonda osiyanasiyana amene anapindula ndi uthenga wa Stein.

Chochitika chimodzi chodziŵika: ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito paokha za 2016 zogwirizana ndi gulu la Green Party linagula kusatsa malonda a wailesi m’mayiko otsatsa malonda, kulimbikitsa ovota "kusamalira chikumbumtima chanu" ndi kubwerera ku Stein. Mkupiti wa C unayendetsedwa ndi PC yopanda ogwirizana amene anabweretsa ndalama kuchokera kwa anthu ochepa opereka ndalama.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Chifukwa cha Zolephera Zawo

Kuletsedwa Mwalamulo

Vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndilo chiletso cha kugwirizana. Ma PC osalumikizidwa ayenera kupanga foni yawoyawo, imene nthaŵi zina ingawombane ndi kamvekedwe ka wofunsirayo kapena zinthu zofunika. Kwa ofunsira achitatu amene akulimbana ndi chilango cha uthenga, woimba wa PaC ad angavulaze kwambiri kuposa chithandizo. Kuwonjezera apo, kachikwama kapadera ka ndalama zokwanira $5,000 kamene kangapereke monga njira yothandizira ku ndawala ya ndalama.

Vuto lina la lamulo ndilo kulowa m'dzikolo. Ma PAC osalumikizidwa satha kuyendetsa mwachindunji njira zopezera ndalama zoyendera ndi pulojekitiyo, koma angayese okha kusonkhanitsa zikalata.

Zopereŵera Mwanda

Ma PAC osalumikizidwa kwenikweni amagwira ntchito pa ndalama zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa anzawo ochirikiza ofunikira mbali yaikulu. Woperekayo wa ndale za mbali yachitatu ngwaufupi ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri ngwachikoka koma osati wozama. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti ma PAC angakakamizidwe kusankha pakati pa kugulitsa pa TV koŵerengeka kokwera mtengo kapena ndawala ya magetsi yofalikira. Kusoŵa kwa ndalama zosungidwa kapena mgwirizano wa makampani kumapanga kuvutikira nthaŵi yaitali.

Ndiponso, opereka ndalama ambiri safuna kupereka kwa ma PACIC achitatu chifukwa amaona kuti kuchirikiza munthu wachitatu monga "ovota ". Kugonjetsa lingaliro limeneli kumafuna maphunziro opitirizabe ndi umboni wakuti nkhunda ndi thanga ndi magzi zili ndi vuto limene a PaC ayenera kuyang'ana.

Kuulutsidwa kwa Nkhani ndi Kutetezereka

Manyuzipepala apamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri amanyalanyaza oyembekezera kukhala mbali yachitatu kufikira atafikira pa malo ena oonerapo (makamaka 15% m'masankho osankhidwa mwachisawawa). Ma PAC osagwirizanitsidwa angayese kukakamiza kusumika maganizo pa wailesi yakanema mwa kutsatsa malonda odzutsa chilakolako kapena kukhazikitsa zochitika zapamwamba za pulojekiti, koma popanda kuulutsa, chiyambukirocho chimangokhala chosamveka. Ngakhale pamene PCs afalitsa nkhani, oulutsa nkhani kaŵirikaŵiri amatchula za "siler" chiyambukiro chimene chingachitike m’malo mwa pulogalamu ya wofunsira.

Chiyambukiro cha Mapale Opanda Ogwirizana pa Chipambano Chachitatu

Pamene kuli kwakuti ma PAC osalumikizidwa sakhoza kusankha mmodzi wa mbali yachitatu ku Nyumba ya White, iwo atsimikizira kukhala ogwira ntchito kuthandiza oyembekezera kukhala ndi zolinga zakutizakuti:

  • [[NT.0] Kufikira kwachibalo: Magalimoto opempha osangalatsa athandiza oyembekezera monga Evan McMullin (206 pawekha) ndi Jorgensen (20 Libertarian) kulowa pa chisankho m’maiko ambiri.
  • Ndalama zoyenderana: kwa oyembekezera kukwera gawo lachitatu la onyamula ndalama, PC angaŵerengere ku khomo la kupeza ndalama zofanana ndi masankho (ngakhale kuti malamulowo ali ocholoŵana).
  • Kulephera : Ndalama zowonongedwa modzifunira m'misika yaikulu ya nyuzi zawonjezera kudziŵika kwa maina kwa oyembekezera amene alibe mphepo.
  • Zivomerezo za morong-ballot : Ma PAC kaŵirikaŵiri amathandiza ofunsira apa chigawo chachitatu ku maofesi amunsi (lamulo la boma, bungwe la mzinda), kumanga benchi yomwe imalimbitsa mizu ya chipani.

Chipambano chimodzi chodziŵika: mu 2020, Jorgensen, pulezidenti wa Libertarian Party analandira mavoti oposa 1.8 miliyoni (2%) koma mbiri ya chipanicho koma yosayembekezera. Ma PC osagwirizanitsidwa anawononga ndalama zoposa $1 miliyoni pa zowonongedwa pa kampani ya Jorgensen, zimene mwina zinamthandiza kukwaniritsa mbali ya kuvotayo mosasamala kanthu za ndawala ya Covid-era.

Kuyerekezera ndi Mapailo Otchuka

Oŵerenga ambiri amasokoneza ma PAC ndi ma PC aakulu. Kusiyana kwake n’kofunika kwambiri:

  • Ma PACS ogwirizanitsidwa ndi Non angalandire zopereka zofikira $5,000 pachaka kuchokera kwa anthu ndipo angapereke mwachindunji kwa oyembekezera (kufikira $5,000 pa chisankho chirichonse). Iwo ali okhoza kuikidwa pa malire a zopereka.
  • Ili ndi pulogalamu pa [1] (mwachidziŵikire "makomiti ongodalira ndalama zowonongedwa") angakweze ndalama zosaŵerengeka kuchokera kwa anthu, makampani, ndi maukwati, koma sangapereke mwachindunji kwa oyembekezera kapena ogwirizana ndi makampani. Ayenera kugwira ntchito modziimira paokha.

Kwa opita kugawo lachitatu, ma PAC aakulu amapereka njira yopindulira ndi ndalama zopanda malire . Koma chifukwa chakuti ma PAC apamwamba satha kugwirizanitsa, angatsatire mandandanda amene sagwirizana bwino ndi ofunsira. Ma PAC osalumikizana amapereka phindu la ndalama, zimene zili zodalirika kwambiri kukwaniritsa ndalama zofunikira monga kuyendera ndi malipiro a antchito. Mkupiti wachitatu umasankha ma PAC osalumikizidwa pa chifukwa chimenecho, ngakhale kuti ndalama zoperekera zimapereka zimachepetsa ndalama zonse zimene zimayendera.

M'nyengo zaposachedwapa za chisankho, ma PAC angapo apangidwa mwachindunji kuchirikiza oyembekezera kukhala ndi gawo lachitatu (m., "American for the Better Factor" mu 2020 kwa odziimira). Komabe, kusagwirizana ndi kulephera kwa lamulo ndi kulephera kwa kugwirizana kwa malamulo kupangitsa ma PC kukhala galimoto yofala kwambiri yochirikiza ma chigawo chachitatu kuposa ma PAC.

Kuwona Zamtsogolo

Ntchito ya ma PAC osakhala olumikizidwa m'kuchirikiza oyembekezera a mbali yachitatu ikhoza kukula pamene kusakhutira kwapoyera ndi dongosolo la mbali ziŵiri zikuwonjezereka.

  • Pakhomo la ndalama: malo osindikizira a manambala amatheketsa PCs kutumiza anthu aang'ono opereka kuchokera m'dziko lonselo.
  • Kuvota kokhala ndi chivoti: Pamene maboma ambiri asankha kuvota kwapadera, oyembekezera kukhala apa chigawo chachitatu amapindula kwambiri, kukopa kuikitsa .C.
  • Campaign Transformation reformation: Malamulo oikidwa, monga ngati DISCLOSE Act, akanatha kuletsa zofunika zoulula, koma sakanachotsa ma PAC osalumikizidwa.
  • Actsroot magetsi: Mabungwe onga "Nthaka Trump" Republicans ndi "Green New Deal" ochirikiza onse aŵiri amafunafuna njira zina m'malo mwa magawo aakulu, kufukiza ntchito ya PAC.

Komabe, zopinga za nyumba zikutsala. Kupambana kwa masankho onse, kulamulira kwa magulu aŵiri aakulu opereka ndalama, ndi kusumika maganizo pa "mpikisano wa akavalo" kumachititsa kuti ma PC osagwirizana achepetse mavuto achitatu. Mapesewera osalumikizidwawo achepetsetsa koma osachotsa mavutowa.

Kumaliza

Ma PAC osakhala ogwirizanitsidwa ali pamalo apadera ndi ofunika m'zandalama za chigawo chachitatu m'zamalonda a ku America. Kwa oyembekezera kulimbana ndi chuma chamalamulo cha Democratic ndi Republican, mabungwe odziimira akupereka ndalama, kusatsa malonda kwaumwini, ndi maplascroot opanga maluso amene angachititse kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuyesayesa kwa mankhwala ndi mpikisano. Pamene iwo akulimbana ndi zitsenderezo zalamulo, mavuto a za ndalama, ndi kuulutsa, ma PAC asonyeza kukhoza kwawo kukweza mawu achitatu ogwirizana ndi udzu [1] Kuika chisankhoterezo ndi mpikisano weniweni pabokosi.

Pamene kuzungulira kwa ndale zadziko kukusintha, unansi wa symbiotic pakati pa ma PAC ndi ogwirizana ndi mbali yachitatu udzakhala wovuta kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa mmene makomiti ameneŵa amagwira ntchito, malire awo alamulo, ndi phindu lawo nlofunika kwa aliyense wofuna kutsogolo kwa mitundu ya masankho ku United States. Kuti muŵerenge, fufuzani [[FLT: 0]] PACIC atsogolera kapena kufufuza [[FLT:] Opensecrets] kutsogolo kwa PC [FLT] kuwona mmene ogwirizana ndi ogwirizanawonjezedwawo achiŵiri a PaC athandizira mbali yachitatu m'masankhoti.