Ntchito Yofunika Kwambiri ya Mlanduwo wa Mapindu a Anthu

Maprogramu a boma monga Medicaid, Ameral Nutrition Anict Program (SNAP), Social Security Disability Inshuwalansisnsis (SSI), ndi inshuwalansi ya ulova ndizo zopulumutsira anthu mamiliyoni a ku Amereka. Pamene bungwe la boma likana, kuchepetsa, kapena kuchotsa mapindu, munthu woyambukiridwayo kaŵirikaŵiri amadzimva wopanda mphamvu. Komabe malamulo a boma ndi boma amatsimikizira njira yokhazikitsira chitokoso: kumvetsera. Njira imeneyi ya kuyang'anira imagwira ntchito monga njira yaikulu yothetsera mikangano pakati pa ofuna kulowa m'dziko ndi ziungwe, kutsimikizira kuti zosankhazo zapangidwa bwino, mowonetsera, ndi mogwirizana ndi lamulo.

Mayeso auyang'anira sangokhala chabe a mwambo. Amaimira chitetezo chachikulu cha ufulu wochita zinthu, mfundo yochokera ku Malamulo a Chisanu ndi 14 . Kufikira anthu ambiri otsika kapena osavuta, kumvetsera ndiko kuyenera kokha kupikisana ndi chigamulo chopindulitsa popanda kubwezera mtengo ndi kuchedwa kwa kuchuluka kwa ufulu. Kumvetsa mmene makutuwa amagwira ntchito, kumanga kwawo kwalamulo, ndi mphamvu yawo yeniyeni ya dziko n’zofunika kwa aliyense amene amachita zinthu ndi madongosolo a anthu onse —

Kodi Kumva kwa Olamulira N’kutani?

Chiweruzo cha boma ndicho kuchitidwa mwalamulo ndi wopanga zosankha wopanda tsankho, kaŵirikaŵiri woweruza walamulo (ALJ) kapena woyang'anira wakumva wolembedwa ndi bungwelo kapena bungwe loimira lapadera. Mosiyana ndi khoti lozenga mlandu, kuzenga mlandu kuli mbali ya bungwe la bungwe la Actal ’ mapangano a mkati a mkangano ndipo amalamulidwa ndi Administration Procedure Act (A) pa mlingo wa boma kapena njira yoyendera ulamuliro yofanana ndi boma.

Pa nthawi ya mlanduwu, woimira bungweli ndi amene ali ndi mwayi wopereka umboni, kuitana mboni, mboni zotsutsa za m'mphulumo, ndi kutsutsana ndi milandu. Kenako ALJ alemba nkhani yokhudzana ndi mbiri ndi malamulo ogwirizana ndi lamulo. Chigamulo chimenecho chimagwira ntchito pa bungwelo pokhapokha ngati atachita apilo ku bungwe lapamwamba la akuluakulu a boma kapena khoti.

Kusiyana Kokulira ndi Bwalo Lamilandu

Malamulo a boma kaŵirikaŵiri samakhala alamulo monga milandu ya khoti. Malamulo a umboni amafeŵetsedwa, ndipo mtolo wa umboni ungasinthe kudalira pa mtundu wa kupindula kwake. Mwachitsanzo, m'milandu ya Medicaid, bungwelo limanyamula mtolo kulungamitsa ntchito yake. Mlandu woyamba, wokanayo ayenera kutsimikizira kukhala wokhoza kulephera. Kumvetserako kumafunanso kugamula mwamsanga — maboma ambiri amafuna kuti pakhale chigamulo mkati mwa masiku 90 a pempho la kumvetseralo — ndipo kuli kotsika mtengo wake, monga momwe opemphawo kaŵirikaŵiri amachitira.

Mitundu Yabwino Yolembedwa

Mlanduwo umagwira ntchito pa mapindu ambiri a anthu, kuphatikizapo osati pa:

  • Medicaid ndi Children ’ Program ya Zaumoyo Inshuwalansi (CHIP) [1] – makutu kaamba ka kukana, kuchepetsa, kapena kutha kwa kufikitsa.
  • Spplient Interition Information Program (SNAP)[FLT :1] – zotopetsa kupindula ndi ziŵerengero, zitsimikiziro zosatsimikizirika, ndi zilango zopatulidwa.
  • MPUNDO ZOTHANDIZA kaamba ka Mabanja Osoŵa (TANF) – mikangano ya ndalama ndi zofunika za ntchito.
  • Sacial Security Inficurensis (SDI) ndi Security Infiget (SSSI) – kumvetsera pamaso pa Ofesi ya Kumva Ntchito za kukana.
  • [[FL:0] Inishuwansi ya kusagwira ntchito – zikalata zopimira kupindula kapena kupenda kopambanitsa.
  • [[FULT:0] Mapindu a Vetean – kumvetsera pamaso pa Bodi ya Veterans ’ Appeal.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kukopa Chosankha Voucher Program (Kutembenuza 8) – kutha kapena kukana chithandizo cha lendi.

Njira Yothetsera Nkhani: Yendani Panjira

Kumvetsa nthawi ndiponso njira zopimira zinthu kumathandiza anthu kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njirayi.

Sitepe 1: Onani za Chichitidwe Chaudani

Kachitidweko kamayamba pamene bungwe lothandizira anthu lipereka chidziŵitso cholembedwa chodziŵitsa wokana, kuchepetsa, kuchotsa, kapena kutha kwa mapindu. Malamulo a Federal amafuna kuti chidziŵitsocho chiphatikizepo chifukwa chake, lamulo lachindunji kapena lamulo lotchulidwa, ndi chidziŵitso chonena za kuyenera kwa kupempha kumvetsera. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo a SNAP pa 7 CFR &kault; 273.13 Kulamula kuti chidziŵitso chikhale ndi mbali zonsezi ndi kutumizidwa masiku 10 chisanachitidwe.

Sitepe 2: Kupempha Mnzanu Wakumva

Onena kuti ayenera kupanga pempho lakumvetsera mkati mwa nthaŵi yoikika paframe ̬ kaŵirikaŵiri masiku 10 mpaka 30 kuchokera pa deti la chidziŵitso. M'maprogramu ambiri, kupempha kumvetsera tsiku logwira bwino la kachitidwe koipako kamayambitsa “ aid olipidwa kuyembekezera ” kapena “ mapindu opitirizabe, Application; kutanthauza bungwelo liyenera kusunga mapindu kufikira chigamulo chakumva . Kutchinjiriza kumeneku kuli kosuliza kwa odziwonetsera amene sangakhoze kudodometsa mchirikitso chofunika. Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa Mdicaid, ngati apempha kumvetsera tsiku lomaliza, mapindu apitirizabe kufikira chigamulo chakumva (42=Rvis; 431.230).

Sitepe 3: Kukonzekera Kumva Kukali Pasadakhale

Pamene mlandu wakonzedwa, mbali zonse ziŵiri zimasonkhanitsa umboni ndi kukonzekera mikangano. Wonenayo ayenera kupenda bungwe la ’ mafaelo, ndi kupeza zolembedwa za mankhwala kapena zachuma, ndi kudziŵitsa mboni. Maboma ambiri amagaŵira misonkhano yomvetsera isanafike kuti afotokoze nkhani ndi kulimbikitsa malo. Onenawo angapemphenso womasulira kapena malo okhala pansi pa bungwe la America ndi Chikalata cha Ulema.

Sitepe 4: Kudzimva Wekha

ALJ amaweruza mlanduwo ndi munthu amene ali wosiyana ndi bungwe limene lapanga chosankha choyamba. Kuweruzako kungachitike mwa munthu, pa telefoni, kapena kudzera pa vidiyo. ALJ atsegula nkhani, akufotokoza nkhani, ndipo amalola mbali iliyonse kupereka ndemanga zotsegulira, umboni, ndi umboni. Wonenayo ali ndi ufulu wofunsa mboni iliyonse imene bungwelo lipereka. ALJ angafunse mafunso omveka bwino ndipo angakane umboni wosafunikira kapena wosafunikira.

Sitepe 5: Chosankhacho

Ataweruza, ALJ alemba chigamulo chimene chimaphatikizapo mfundo zenizeni, mfundo za lamulo, ndi lamulo lachindunji (m’chitsanzo, kuchirikiza kukana, kupatsa mapindu, kapena kulinganiza). Chigamulocho chimakhala chogwirizana pa bungwelo pokhapokha ngati wopemphayo. M'maprogramu ambiri, chigamulocho nchomaliza pokhapokha ngati chikachitidwa m'bungwe lapamwamba la akuluakulu a boma kapena khoti. Mwachitsanzo, zigamu za SNAP ndi zomalizira pa 7 CFR &suctus; 273.(1).

Mfundo 6: Muzipemphana

Ngati wodandaulayo atalephera pa mlanduwo, angakhale ndi ufulu wowonjezereka wochita apilo. Maprogramu a Federal amalola kuchonderera bungwe lofunsira kapena mwachindunji ku khoti la boma. Maprogramu a boma angapereke kupenda m'makhoti a boma. Komabe, mbiri ya mlandu wa boma kaŵirikaŵiri ndiyo maziko okha a kupenda kwachiweruzo, kupangitsa icho kukhala chofunika kupereka umboni ndi zigomeko zonse pabwalo la milandu.

Kuzenga Milandu ya Malamulo

Kuyenera kwa kuweruzidwa kwa olamulira sikuli kwalamulo koma lamulo lalamulo ndi lovomerezeka. Khoti Lapamwamba la United States mu Goldberg v. Kelly (1970) adakhulupirira kuti olandira chithandizo ali ndi ufulu wa kumvetsera koonekeratu mapindu asanathe, kukhazikitsa kuti mapindu a anthu onse ali mtundu wa katundu wotetezedwa ndi Act Procession Claus. Chigamuchi chinaumba chitetezo cha procedtural yomwe ilipo lerolino.

Pa mlingo wa boma, Administrative Procedure Act (APA) [1] imakhazikitsa miyezo yachisawawa ya zilolezo, kuphatikizapo ziyeneretso za opanga zosankha opanda tsankho, dziŵitsa, ndi kuyenera kwa kupereka umboni. Programu iliyonse ya boma ilinso ndi malamulo ake odziŵikitsa njira zakumva. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo a HHS (42 CFR Part 431) amalamulira Medicaid tracts, pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo a USDA (7 CFR chigawo 273) AS

Malamulo a boma amasonyeza zitetezero zimenezi, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi tsatanetsatane wowonjezereka. Mwachitsanzo, California’ Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo imapereka chitsogozo chachikulu pa kupempha ndi kukonzekera mamvedwe abwino a Medi-Cal. Mofananamo, Sacial Security Administration [ imagamula miyezo imene imakhazikitsa kaamba ka kulephera kumva, kuphatikizapo kupenda umboni wa zamankhwala.

Kufunika kwa Kutsimikizira Kuti Zinthu Zili Bwino Ndiponso Kuti Ndi Oŵerengeredwa

Atsogoleri a boma amamva makutu a anthu amene amachititsa kuti mabungwe a boma azitsatira malamulo awo komanso malamulo. Popanda malamulowo, anthu odzinenera sangakhale ndi njira yothetsera zolakwa, kusankha zochita molakwika, kapena kumasulira molakwa malamulo.

Ndiponso, makutu amalimbikitsa kuonekera. Zokambiranazo zimalembedwa, ndipo zosankha zimakhalapo kaŵirikaŵiri. Kuonekera kumeneku kumalepheretsa anthu kupanga zosankha ndipo kumakulitsa chidaliro chawo m'dongosolo la mapindu. Mwachitsanzo, Kugwirizanitsa kwa Ana ndi Mabanja kumapereka chithandizo cha akatswiri pa madongosolo a kumva, kuzindikira mbali yawo m’maprogramu.

Ubwino wa Kumva Mayeso kwa Odzinenera ndi Maboma

Kumva kumapatsa mapindu odabwitsa kuposa kupendanso matanthauzo ndi bungwe loona.

Kwa Odzinenera

  • Processol Processol Beative :[[FLT :1] Onena ali ndi kuyenera kwa kumvedwa, kuwona umboni wotsutsana nawo, ndi kuyankha. Ili ndi maziko a chilungamo cha ku America.
  • Mapindu Opitirizabe: Nthaŵi zambiri, kupempha kumvetsera kumalimbitsa chipsera, kuletsa mpata wa chithandizo cha moyo.
  • Kakonzedwe ka malamulo: Milungo si yowopsa kwambiri kuposa makhoti, ndipo odzinenera ambiri amadziimira okha mwachipambano ndi chithandizo cha lamulo kapena ndalama za kudzithandiza.
  • Chigamulo cha Nthaŵi: masiku a kukhazikitsa malamulo amatsimikizira kuti zosankha zipangidwa mofulumira, kaŵirikaŵiri pakati pa masiku 45 ndi 90.
  • Akhoza kubwezera: Kuweruza kuli phee kapena kotsika poyerekezera ndi kulembetsa loya ndi kulembetsa mlandu.

Zofunika za Boma

  • Kulephera: Milandu imathetsa mikangano mofulumira ndi motsika kwambiri kuposa khoti.
  • Osasintha: ALJ amagwiritsira ntchito miyezo yofanana ku zochitika zofanana, kuchepetsa kukhazikika kwa zotulukapo.
  • Kulamulira kwa mlingo wotsika: Zosankha zakumva zimapereka chiwonjezeko chimene mabungwe angagwiritsire ntchito kuwongolera zolakwa ndi kuwongolera kupanga zosankha patsogolo.
  • Khulupirirani: Njira ya kumva yamphamvu imasonyeza kuti chigwirizanocho chakhala chokhulupirika ndi chalamulo.

Mavuto ndi Zopinga Zoletsa Kupeza Zinthu Zogwira Mtima

Ngakhale kuti ndi ofunika, mayeso a boma si angwiro. Onenawo amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu, makamaka awo amene ali ndi ndalama zochepa, okalamba, opunduka, kapena osakhala a Chingelezi.

Kucholoŵana ndi Kusoŵeka kwa Kuimira Kwalamulo

Odzinenerawo sangathe kulipira loya, ndipo chithandizo chaulere cha boma kaŵirikaŵiri chimadulidwa. Popanda kuimira, anthu odzinenerawo amalimbana kuti apeze umboni, amvetsetse malamulo, ndi kupereka mlandu wawo bwino lomwe. Kufufuza kwasonyeza kuti oimira anthu ali othekera kwambiri kupambana kumvedwa. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa 2018 wa milandu ya chilema cha Social Security anapeza kuti oimirawo anali ndi chipambano chokwanira 60% poyerekezera ndi 36% kwa anthu osapezeka.

Zopinga za Chinenero ndi Kupezeka

Anthu amene sadziwa bwino Chingelezi mwina salandira machenjezo m’chinenero chawo kapena mwina sangamve zimene akutanthauza pa nthawi imene akumvetsera.

Kuwopa ndi Mphamvu Zili Patsogolo

Bungweli limatumiza woimira kapena loya wophunzitsidwa kuweruza milandu, koma woimira bomayo akuonekera yekha.

Kuchedwa Kwanthaŵi Yochuluka ndi Zotsatira Zosaphula Malamulo

Pamene kuli kwakuti pali matelefoni a nthaŵi, malo osungirako zipinda zina amatanthauza kuti atchere makutu kwa miyezi. M'gulu la Social Security, avereji imayembekezera kuti amvere m'miyezi 18 m’chaka cha 2022. Mkati mwa kudikira kumeneku, ogula angataye nyumba, angasiye chithandizo cha mankhwala, kapena kusoŵa chakudya.

Zochita Zothandiza Kuti Zinthu Ziziyenda Bwino

Pozindikira mavuto ameneŵa, mabungwe a boma ndi a boma asintha zinthu kuti makutu azimveka mosavuta ndiponso kuti azimveka bwino.

Thandizo Lalamulo Lofutukulidwa

Maprogramu onga ngati bungwe la Legal Services (LSC) amathandizira anthu olandira ndalama zochepa. Kuwonjezera apo, maboma ena akhazikitsa Kldquo; mayanjano a zamankhwala ndi a zachipatala ” kuti maloya oikidwa m'zipatala kuthandiza odwala kuthetsa mavuto. Maprogramu a zipatala za bono ndi zipatala za malamulo akuperekanso umboni.

Mabuku Osavuta Kufotokoza ndi Chinenero Chofewa

Makampani akutumizanso chidziŵitso ndi mafomu ofunsira kugwiritsira ntchito Chingelezi chofeŵa (kapena zinenero zina) ndi malongosoledwe omvekera bwino. Maboma ena amapereka ndandanda ya kumvetsera pa Intaneti, kunyamulidwa kwa mapepala, ndi kupanga zigamulo. Mwachitsanzo, New York City Human Resources Administration [1] New York City Human Resources Administration [1] imapereka malo aubwenzi ndi wogwiritsira ntchito pa makutu oyenera.

Njira Zolankhulira M’makutu Akutali

Mliri wa Covid-19 unachititsa kuti anthu ambiri amve mafoni ndi mavidiyo. Anthu ambiri amene amalankhula ndi ochirikiza nkhaniyi akusimba kuti makutu akutali sawononga nthaŵi yoyenda komanso amachepetsa nkhaŵa. Bungwe la Social Security Administration tsopano likutumiza makutu ambiri opunduka pa vidiyo. Kupitiriza kupereka njira zosavuta kuchepetsa zopinga kwa anthu amene ali ndi vuto la kayendedwe kapena thanzi.

Kuthetsa Vutoli Mwamsanga

Maprogramu ena tsopano amapereka kumvetsera kapena “ conciliation ” misonkhano kumene ofunsira ndi antchito a bungwe angathetse nkhani popanda kumvetsera konse. Mwachitsanzo, USDA ’ SNAP programu imalimbikitsa maboma kutengera njira zoyambirira zogamulira kuti achepetse kupsinjika maganizo ndi kutsendereza.

Kuona Bwino Zinthu ndi Kuŵerengera Mlandu

Kufalitsa nkhani za anthu omvetsera [1] monga kubwezera, avareji ya nthaŵi ya kugamula, ndi kugonjera pa zinenero , zimalola ochirikiza ndi mabungwe oyang’anira kuŵerengera mabungwe. Sacial Security Administration ’s Wies Wiestings ndi Appeals tsamba likugaŵira chidziŵitso cha ntchito, kutheketsa kuyang'anira poyera.

Chiyambukiro Chenicheni cha Dziko: Zitsanzo za Maseŵero

Kuti timvetse mmene mayeso a boma amasinthira moyo wa anthu, tiyeni tione zitsanzo izi.

Kuthetsa Kusoŵa kwa Mwana

Mayi wina wosakwatiwa ku Texas analandira pepala lonena kuti mwana wake wamwamuna ’s Medicaid adzachotsedwa chifukwa bungwelo linanena kuti vuto lake laulema silinathenso kupatsidwa malamulo. Anapempha kuti amvedwe m'windo wa masiku 10, zimene zinakhala ndi phindu. Pakumva, anapereka zolembedwa zamakono za mankhwala ndi kalata yochokera kwa mwana Actrsquo; dokotala wa ana. ALJ anapeza bungwe la ’ analakwa ndi kulamula kuti abwezeretsedwe. Mwanayo akanapanda kumva, sakanalandiranso mankhwala ndi mankhwala ofufuza matenda.

Kulipira Malipiro Opitirira Malipiro Chifukwa cha Kulakwa kwa Agency

Wopuma pantchito ku Ohio analandira chikalata chofuna kulipira $4,800 ku SNAP chifukwa cha malipiro opambanitsa amene anachititsidwa ndi kulakwa kwa kompyuta ya boma. Anapempha kuimbidwa mlandu ndi kupatsidwa zikalata zosonyeza kuti adalemba ndalama zake molondola. Ofesala wa wailesiyo anavomereza, anabweza ndalama zopambanitsa, ndipo analamula bungwelo kuletsa zopereka ndalama. Kumva kunamtetezera ku ngongole yopanda chilungamo imene ikanachotsedwa pa cheki yake ya za zachiteteshoni ya Social Secuty.

Kumaliza

Mayeso a akuluakulu a boma ndi maziko a chilungamo pothandiza anthu. Amasintha ufulu wofunikira kukhala mwayi wokwanira kwa anthu kuti atsutse zosankha za boma ndi kuwathandiza. Ngakhale kuti dongosololi lili ndi zolakwika, kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo, ndi kuchedwa kuchititsa kuti anthu amve bwino.

Kwa odzinenerawo, kuzindikira mmene angapempherere ndi kukonzekera kumvetsera nkofunika. Kwa ochirikiza, opanga malamulo, ndi ogwira ntchito, kuwongokera kosalekeza kwa njira zakumva kuli thayo la lamulo ndi lalamulo. Potsirizira pake, dongosolo la kumvetsera logwira ntchito bwino limatsimikizira kuti mapindu a anthu akukwaniritsa chifuno chawo: kupereka khoka lotetezera limene lili lolingana, lolungama, ndi lovomereza ku zosoŵa za awo amene lalinganizidwa kuthandiza.