Programu Yotsutsa Yochita Chibwana ya M’dzikolo: Njira Yolosera ya Achichepere Okhala pa Chibwenzi

Chiyambire 1993, National Guard’s Youth Challenge Program (YCP) yapereka mwaŵi wachiŵiri kwa achichepere a ku America amene asiya sukulu kapena amene ali pamapeto pa kutha kwa ntchito. Programuyi inapangidwa kwa achichepere a zaka 16 mpaka 18, imaphatikizapo malo olinganizidwa, okonzekera, maphunziro a zaumoyo, maphunziro a moyo, kulimbitsa thupi, ndi utumiki wa anthu. Chimene chimasiyanitsa YCP ndi njira yake yofikira: kukhala kwawo kwa masiku 22 kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi wotsatira miyezi 12. Nkhaniyi imapereka kuyang'ana kodalirika pa mbiri ya programu, mapulani, zipambano, ndi ziyambukiro zokulira pa anthu, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, ndi dziko.

Chiyambi ndi Chisinthiko cha Programu ya Achichepere Yotsutsa

YCP inakhazikitsidwa pansi pa National Defense Ilbugistration Act ya 1993, yosonkhezeredwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuzindikira kuti achichepere ambiri a ku Amereka analeka sukulu ndi kukhala ndi umphaŵi wanthaŵi yaitali, ulova, ndi kuikidwa m'ndende. National Guard adalingaliridwa kukhala gulu labwino kutsogolera ntchito chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwake kwa nkhondo, mizu ya anthu, ndi malo apakati a gulu. Programu inayamba monga woyendetsa ndege m'maiko angapo ndipo inafutukulidwa mofulumira kudzera mwa chichirikizo ndi ndalama za boma. Lerolino, YCP imagwira ntchito m'maboma oposa 30, Puerto Rico, ndi Districity of Columbia, ndi omaliza maphunziro oposa 175,000 a tsiku.

Pulogalamuyi yakhala ikusintha kwambiri kuyambira masiku ake oyambirira. Kusintha koyamba kunagogomezera kwambiri za kachitidwe ka asilikali, koma mkupita kwa nthaŵi cholinga chinakula n’kuphatikizapo kukonzekera kwamphamvu, kuchirikiza thanzi la munthu, ndi kulangiza kopitirizabe. Chofunika kwambiri chinali kuwonjezera pa miyezi 12 ya maphunziro a pambuyo pa sukulu, maphunziro apamwamba, zimene zinasintha programu kuchokera pa kachitidwe ka kanthaŵi kochepa ka m'nthaŵi ya nkhondo kukhala njira yochirikiza kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka ziwalo ka zigawo ziŵirizi kamathandiza anthu kupeza luso panthaŵi yakukhala bwino pamene akulandira malangizo opitirizabe pamene akubwerera kumudzi kwawo kukaphunzira sukulu yapamwamba, koleji, maphunziro a ntchito, kapena ntchito.

Kufufuza kwina kwatsimikizira pulogalamuyo kukhala yogwira mtima. 2018 RAND Corporation Inapeza kuti anthu otenga mbali YCP ali othekera kwambiri kupeza mayeso a sukulu ya sekondale, kupeza ntchito, ndi kupeŵa kumangidwa poyerekezera ndi achinyamata ofanana amene sanatenge nawo. Zopeza zimenezi zathandiza kusungidwa kwa boma ndi zoyambitsa zonga ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa opangika ndi odziŵa bwino ndi kugwirizanitsa maphunziro a pa foni.

Chiyambi cha Programu: Mmene YCP Imagwirira Ntchito

YCP imamangidwa ndi njira yolinganizidwa bwino yomwe imasintha kwambiri zinthu ndi mbali ziŵiri zosiyana koma zogwirizana. Chigawo cha malo okhala chimapereka malo ochititsa kusokonezeka, oyenera amene amachotsa otengamo mbali ku zisonkhezero zoipa ndipo amawapatsa maziko olimba a kukula kwa munthu. Mbali ya pambuyo pa kuyambika kwa moyo imapereka chichirikizo chofunikira kukhazikitsa mapinduwo ndi kuyendera mavuto enieni a dziko.

Chilango Chochititsa Chidwi: 22 Milungu ya Kukula Kochititsa Chidwi

Mkati mwa nyengo yakukhala, otengamo mbali amakhala m'nyumba zansanjika pa malo a National Guard, kaŵirikaŵiri malo akale a asilikali kapena malo ophunzirira. Iwo amatsatira ndandanda ya tsiku ndi tsiku yomwe imaphatikizapo makalasi a maphunziro, kuphunzitsidwa mwakuthupi, ntchito ya m'chitaganya, ndi kutsogola kwa utsogoleri. Malo okhala ndi olinganizidwa bwino kwambiri koma olinganizidwa kukhala othandiza kwambiri mmalo mwa chilango. Aphunzitsi ovomerezedwa amapereka malangizo a gulu laling'ono, ndipo otenga mbali amagwira ntchito kuti apeze pulogalamu yapamwamba ya sukulu (GED kapena HiSEAT) kapena kubweretsa ngongole ku dipuloma yamwambo.

  • Maphunziro a Academic : [[FT:1] Makalasi amapangidwa kulongosola maluso a wotengamo aliyense. Malo ambiri tsopano amapereka maphunziro a pakompyuta, maphunziro a STEM, ndi kukonzanso kwa ngongole zimene zimatheketsa otengamo mbaliwo kuloŵanso sukulu zapamwamba ngati kuli koyenera.
  • Kuphunzitsa za moyo: Tsiku ndi tsiku maphunziro a zandalama, kulankhulana, kukonza mavuto, kuyendetsa nthaŵi, ndi kukhazikitsa. Otengamo mbali amaphunzira maluso othandiza monga ngati kufunsa ntchito, kulinganiza bajeti, ndi kusunga maunansi abwino.
  • Kuphunzitsa thupi nthaŵi zonse [1] Kuthamanga, kuthamanga, maseŵero a timu, ndi maphunziro a zaumoyo, kumapanga thanzi lakuthupi, kulimba kwa maganizo, ndi kugwirizana. Otengapo mbali ambiri amasonyeza kuwongokera koyenera m'maubwino authanzi pofika kumapeto kwa programu.
  • Utumiki wa chiwonkhetso: Mmodzi aliyense wotengamo mbali amamaliza maola angapo autumiki ku maprojekiti onga ngati kuyeretsa paki, chithandizo cha m'mabanki, kapena kuchirikiza kwanthaŵi yaitali. Zimenezi zimapatsa lingaliro la thayo la boma ndi kuthandiza otengamo mbali kuzindikira phindu lawo ku chitaganya.
  • Kukula kwa [1] Mwa kakonzedwe ka asilikali, otengamo mbali aphunzira chilango, ulemu, kuŵerengera, ndi kulimbikira. Amatenga ntchito zonga mtsogoleri wa gulu la gulu kapena mkulu wa chigawo, kukulitsa chidaliro ndi maluso a utsogoleri amene amatembenuzira sukulu ndi ntchito.

Chichirikizo cha Pambuyo pa Kulamulira: Miyezi 12 ya Chichirikizo cha Mentoring

Chigawo cha alangizi ndi chimene chimasiyanitsa YCP ndi maprogramu ena a achichepere. Womaliza maphunziro aliyense amafanana ndi mlangizi wophunzitsidwa — kaŵirikaŵiri chiŵalo cha National Guard, mphunzitsi, kapena chitaganya chaufulu — amene amapereka chitsogozo, chilimbikitso, ndi kuŵerengera kwa chaka chimodzi. Oyang'anira amakumana ndi otenga mbali a mlungu uliwonse, kaya mwaumwini kapena mwachiphamaso, kuwathandiza kukhazikitsa zonulirapo, kuyendetsa sukulu kapena mafomu a ntchito, kuthetsa mavuto aumwini, ndi kukhalabe pa mzera.

Kusamala pambuyo pochita zimenezi kungathandize kwambiri kuti anthu amene achita zimenezi athe kuthana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa moyo wawo n’kubwerera kwawo.

Zotsatirapo Zoyelekezela ndi Zosonyeza Kukhudzidwa Kwake

YCP yasonkhanitsa umboni wochuluka wa quanti yogwira ntchito. Malinga ndi chidziŵitso cha National Guard Bureau, programuyo imachita nthaŵi zonse mlingo wa kumaliza maphunziro wa 85 mpaka 90 peresenti kuchokera ku chigawo cha anthu. Pakati pa omaliza maphunziro amene amaloŵa m'chigawo cha pambuyo pa kusungidwa, pafupifupi 80 peresenti amapeza ntchito ya sukulu ya sekondale, kupeza ntchito, kuloŵa m'gulu lankhondo, kapena kulondola maphunziro apamwamba m'chaka chimodzi. Zotsatirazi zimapatsidwa makamaka kuti otengamo mbali ambiri aloŵa programuyo ndi kusoŵa kwa maphunziro, mapangano a za za kutsata, ndi kuloŵetsedwa kwa dongosolo lachiweruzo la achichepere.

Kupeza Maphunziro

Cholinga chachikulu cha YCP ndicho kuwonjezera kumaliza sukulu ya sekondale pakati pa achinyamata. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti ochita nawo ali ndi kuthekera koŵirikiza katatu kupeza sukulu ya sekondale yolingana ndi gulu lolamulira. Omaliza maphunziro ambiri amapitabe kukaphunzira ku koleji ya anthu kapena ku sukulu za ntchito, kulandira zikalata m’minda yonga ngati kugulitsa, kuthandizira, kapena luso la zofalitsa chidziŵitso. Programu yakumasukulu a m'dzikolo kuthandizanso otengamo mbali m'maprogramumboni a maphunziro apamwamba amwambo pamene kuli koyenera.

Kupeza Ntchito ndi Kupeza Ndalama Zokwanira

Maluso a YCP a moyo ndi kukonzekera ntchito kumakonzekeretsa anthu ogwira ntchito. Kuphunzira 2022 mu Journal of Youth Development kunapeza kuti YCP anamaliza maphunziro a ntchito [[FLD:2] yokwera ndi malipiro a ntchito [[FLD:3] kuposa anzake amene sanatenge nawo mbali. Programuyi imagogomezera kusunga nthaŵi, malamulo a ntchito, ndi maluso a kulankhulana, zimene zimatembenuzira mwachindunji ntchito yanthaŵi yonse m'masitolo, kuchereza alendo, kumanga, kapena kupanga mapulogalamu a ntchito. Programme imaperekanso ntchito ya mthunzi, ndi kuthandiza kujambula ndi kufunsana mayezeke.

Kuchepetsa Chilungamo cha Chiwawa

Mwinamwake phindu lalikulu kwambiri la YCP ndilo chiyambukiro chake pa kuchepetsa upandu ndi kumangidwa. Kufufuza kwanthaŵi yaitali kwa National Guard Bureau kunapeza kuti osapitirira 10 peresenti ya YCP anagwidwa [ pazaka ziŵiri za kumaliza programu, poyerekezera ndi 30 peresenti ya gulu lolingana. Malo okhala ndi oyenera, ophatikizanitsidwa ndi kukulitsa luso, amachotsa otengamo mbali pa khalidwe lopulupudza. Kutsika kwa ku kuloŵerera kwa chilungamo kumapulumutsa ndalama za msonkho — chaka chimodzi cha kukwera mtengo kuposa ndalama za programu iliyonse — ndi kulimbitsa chitaganya.

Kusintha kwa Munthu ndi Mapindu Odziŵerengera

Kupyola ziŵerengero, YCP imapanga masinthidwe aakulu mwa otengamo mbali. Iwo kaŵirikaŵiri amasimba za kudzimva kwaumwini, chilango chowongoleredwa, maunansi abwino ndi banja ndi ausinkhu, ndi lingaliro la chifuno [. Ambiri amalongosola programuyo kukhala “mwaŵi wachiŵiri” umene unawapatsa chiyembekezo ndi chitsogozo. Mkhalidwe wankhondo umapereka maziko owonekera bwino a chipambano chimene otengamo mbali ambiri sanachiwonepo, kupereka kapangidwe ndi ziyembekezo zimene zimawathandiza kukulitsa kudzisunga ndi kuŵerengera mlandu.

Chiyambukiro Chokulira pa Mikhalidwe ndi Mtundu

Mapindu a Youth Chalp Program aposa otengamo mbali. Malo onse a YCP amagwira ntchito monga chuma cha anthu, kuyambitsa ntchito yodzifunira kwa maola zikwi zambiri chaka chilichonse. Otengamo mbali amachita ntchito zimene zimawongolera mapaki akwawo, sukulu, malo ogona opanda pokhala, ndi malo aakulu. Ntchito zimenezi sizimapindulitsa anthu okha komanso zimathandiza otengamo mbali kukulitsa thayo la boma ndi kunyada.

Kulimbitsa Maungwe a Anthu

Mabungwe a ntchito amagwirizanitsa anthu a m'makampani a YCP ndi mabungwe a boma, ndi mabungwe a zachuma. Malo ambiri amene amayendera limodzi ndi madipatimenti a apolisi, matchalitchi, ndi malo a achinyamata kuti apereke mwayi wothandiza anthu ndi ntchito. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumakulitsa chikhulupiriro ndi likulu la chitaganya m'madera amene angakhale aumphaŵi kwambiri kapena amene atha kuchotsedwa. Malo a boma a Guard akakhala bwino kwambiri kuti apeze bwino mautumiki ameneŵa.

Kulipira Msonkho N’kulipira Mtengo

Pamene kuli kwakuti YCP imafuna kuikizira ndalama pafupifupi $14,000 kufika $200,000 pambali pa kudalira pa boma, imasunga ndalama zambiri zosungidwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Kusanthula kwamwambo kunapeza kuti programuyo imapanga kubwezera koposa $.50 padola lililonse lowonongedwa [[FLD:1], pamene ikuwonjezera mtengo wa kusungidwa, ndalama zowonjezereka za msonkho kuchokera ku malipiro apamwamba, ndi zofunika zochepera pa maprogramu a za kakhalidwe kakhalidwe ka anthu. Mapindulo a ndalama ameneŵa amapangitsa YCP kukhala chinthu chokopa cha opanga zinthu zofunikira kubwezera zofunikira kubwezera.

Kuthetsa Mavuto ndi Kupitiriza Kusintha kwa Chisinthiko

Mofanana ndi programu yaikulu iliyonse, YCP imayang'anizana ndi mavuto osalekeza. Nkhani imodzi njosiyana m'maiko onse m'zandalama, ntchito, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Malo ena amalimbana ndi malo achikale, pamene kuli kwakuti ena amavutika kukopa aphunzitsi ndi alangizi odziŵa bwino ntchito. Njira yankhondo yolinganizidwa siingagwirizane ndi aliyense wotengamo mbali, makamaka amene ali ndi vuto lalikulu kapena kupunduka kwa kuphunzira. Otsutsa aitanira kaamba ka chisamaliro chochititsa mantha ndi chuma chamaganizo mkati mwa programu.

Kuchirikiza mbali ya pambuyo pa kulangiza kulinso vuto lina. Pamene kuli kwakuti nyengo ya 12 ya ulangizi ili yothandiza kwambiri, imafunikira ndalama zoyendetsera ndi antchito odzipereka. M'mayiko ena, mbali yopereka malangizo imachepa, kuchititsa kusoŵa. Otenga mbali kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi zopinga pambuyo pa maphunziro, monga ngati kusoŵa chitetezo, kusoŵa kwa zoyendera, kapena kusoŵa kwa kholo lapamtima, maprogramu okhawo satha kuthetsa.

Palinso kukambitsirana kopitirizabe ponena za ntchito yoyenera ya National Guard m'kukula kwa unyamata. Ena amatsutsa kuti maprogramu ankhondo ali aukali kwambiri ndipo sangathetse nkhani zamaganizo zobisika. Komabe, programu yasintha kuti iphatikizepo antchito a zachikhalidwe, aphungu, ndi maphunziro ozikidwa pa umboni amene amalinganiza chilango ndi chichirikizo cha malingaliro. Webusaiti ya [FLT: 0] Yovomerezeka Yachikoka imalongosola kuti programuyo si msasa wotsegulira koma programu yosumikapo maphunziro, maluso a moyo, ndi kukula kwaumwini.

Zitsogozo ndi Malingaliro Atsogolo

Buku la Youth Challenge Program likupitiriza kuzoloŵera kukwaniritsa zosoŵa za achichepere osintha. Maboma ambiri akuyendetsa mbali za kuphunzira zimene zimalola otenga mbali ku makalasi a pa Intaneti kuti apeze bwino kapena kukonzekera kwa pakoleji. Ena akuyambitsa wosamala ndi maphunziro a zaluso m'minda yotchuka monga HaVC, tekinoloji yomanga, ndi yopanga makompyuta. Zimenezi zimagwirizana ndi kufunika kwa antchito aluso ndi othandizira ntchito zapamwamba.

Kukula kwina kotsimikizirika ndiko kuchuluka kwa mautumiki a zamaganizo [[FLT: 1] mkati mwa programu. National Guard ikugwirizana ndi mabungwe onga Substance Abuse ndi Mental Service Administration kuphunzitsa antchito m'masamaliro odziŵa bwino ndi zitsanzo za kuchiritsa kwa maganizo ku maphunziro. Zotsatira zoyambirira kuchokera ku malo oyendetsa ndege zimasonyeza kuti kulankhula ndi thanzi la maganizo kumawongolera maganizo ndi zotsatira zake zazitali.

Njira zaumoyo zoyendera ndizo kuwonjezera. YCP ikugwirira ntchito ku sonkhanitsa za umboni ndi zotsatirapo kugwirizanitsa chidziŵitso chophatikizidwa ndi maphunziro a boma ndi mathekishoni a ntchito. Zimenezi zimapangitsa oyang'anira kuwongolera bwino kopokera ndi kudziŵira malo owongolera. [[FLT:] .gov kapangidwe kanu ka [ kalembedwe ka pulogalamu] kamapereka mfundo zina pa kuchirikiza kwa boma ndi kulinganiza kwake ndi kuteteza kopatsiratu.

Tanthauzo Lokhalitsa la Programu ya Achichepere Yotsutsa

Kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu, National Youth Chalps yapereka njira yothandizira achichepere a ku Amereka ochoka ku chitaganya. Mwakuphatikiza maphunziro a zamaphunziro, maluso a moyo, kulimbitsa thupi, ndi utumiki wa anthu m’malo olinganizidwa bwino, ochirikiza, programuyo yathandiza mazana a zikwi za omaliza maphunzirowo kupeza ziyeneretso zawo za sukulu yapamwamba, kupeza ntchito, ndi kukhala nzika zodalirika. Programu imeneyi siingosintha moyo wa munthu aliyense payekha komanso imalimbitsanso chitaganya, imachepetsa upandu, ndi kubwezeretsa ndalama za kulipira msonkho.

Nsonga ya YCP siiri kokha m'zifukwa zake zosatsutsika komanso m'nthanthi yake yaikulu: kuti wachichepere aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za makulidwe ake, amayenerera mwaŵi wachiŵiri ndi zida zomangira mtsogolo mwabwino. Pamene programuyo ikupitiriza kukonza ndi kufutukula, iyo idakali mbali yofunika ya ukonde wa anthu a ku Amereka — kugwirizana kwapoyera kumene kumachirikiza maluso apadera a National Guard kulongosola chimodzi cha mavuto aakulu a mtunduwo: kuchirikiza pa kumanganso achichepere ndi kuletsa umphaŵi, ulova, ndi kulandidwa kwa ntchito.

Kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, Alonda a boma a nyuzipepala a ` amatchula nkhani za chipambano cha munthu mwini zimene zimasonyeza chiyambukiro chenicheni cha dziko la programu. Kupendako kumakhala kodalirika kwambiri kwa maphunziro a kusanthula kolimba kwa programu ndi kubwerera pa kusungitsa ndalama.