Chiyambi: Maziko a Boma pa Moyo Watsiku ndi Tsiku

Maboma amatumikira monga maziko a chitaganya chamakono, kupereka mautumiki ofunika ndi madongosolo amene amatheketsa anthu kugwira ntchito, kukula, ndi kupambana. Kuchokera ku mlingo wakwawo . Kumene bungwe la mzinda limaika ndalama zokonzera mabowo . "kunka ku mlingo wa boma" kumene mabungwe amayang'anira chitetezo cha dziko ndi malamulo a zachuma . Mathayo a boma amakhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kumvetsetsa mathayo ameneŵa kumathandiza nzika kuzindikira mapindu enieni a kulamulira ndi kulimbikitsa kutengamo mbali ya moyo wa anthu. Nkhaniyi imapenda zitsanzo zenizeni za mmene maboma amakwanitsira ntchito zawo kupyola mabwalo ambiri, kukweza mabungwe, maprogramumboni, ndi madongosolo amene amapangitsa mathayo ameneŵa kukhala enieni.

Kukakamiza Anthu Kuti Aziteteza Anthu Onse Ndiponso Kutsatira Chilamulo

Kuteteza nzika za boma ndi udindo wooneka kwambiri. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuyesayesa kogwirizana m’magulu osiyanasiyana ndi m’magulu osiyanasiyana a boma, zonsezo kuletsa upandu, kuchitapo kanthu pakagwa tsoka, ndi kusungitsa dongosolo.

Madipatimenti a Apolisi

Apolisi a m'deralo ndiwo asungitsa lamulo. Amayankha mafoni 911, kufufuza upandu, madera ozungulira, ndi kugwira ntchito ndi ziŵalo za chitaganya kukulitsa ndi kuletsa ntchito zaupandu. M’mizinda yambiri, magulu apadera amayankha nkhani zonena za narcotics, chiwawa cha m'nyumba, kapena Internetcrime. Mwachitsanzo, New York Police Department (NYPD) imagwiritsira ntchito maapolitale oposa 35,000 ndi kuyendetsa maprogramu onga ngati chitsanzo cha Anuselogalamu ya kuchirikiza maunansi ([[FLT: 0] [NYPD] Colicialgation Policial [F:1]).

Madipatimenti Ozimitsa Moto

Makampani a moto amatetezera moyo ndi zinthu ku ngozi zamoto. Pambuyo pa kuzimitsa moto, madipatimenti amakono akupanga kufufuza kwa kutetezera moto, amapereka maphunziro a boma pa kutetezereka kwa moto, ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa zochitika za zinthu zowopsa. Madipatimenti a Moto a U.S. akutumiza madipatimenti a moto mu 2022, adayankha ku moto woposa 1.5 miliyoni, ndi 60% akuchitika m'malo okhala ( FIS FIS Staties ). Maboma akupereka madipatimenti ameneŵa kupyolera ndi kutumiza ziwiro za zida za kumaloko, maphunziro, ndi antchito.

Mautumiki a Zamankhwala a M’nthaŵi Yamsanga (EMS)

EMS imapereka chithandizo cha mwamsanga chamankhwala panthaŵi ya mavuto, kaŵirikaŵiri monga mbali ya boma la boma. Madokotala ndi akatswiri a zachipatala amwadzidzidzi amatumizidwa ku ngozi, nthenda za mtima, sitiroko, ndi zina zamankhwala. Madongosolo ambiri a EMS amagwirizanitsidwa ndi apolisi ndi madipatimenti ozimitsa moto kuti atsimikizire kuti ayankhe mwamsanga. Kumadera akumidzi, maboma angayendetse antchito odzifunira EMS kapena kukonza mabungwe a anthu odzifunira kuti asunge.

Kusamalira Zamsanga ndi Kulabadira Ngozi

Pa mlingo wa boma, mabungwe onga Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) amagwirizanitsa kulabadira tsoka pa zochitika zazikulu zonga mikuntho, mafunde, ndi zivomezi. FEMA imapereka ndalama zothandizira kukonzekera, kuchira, ndi zoyesayesa za kuchepetsa, kugwira ntchito ndi boma ndi maboma akumaloko kumanga madera opirira. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa mphepo ya Hurricane Ian mu 2022, FEMA inagaŵira ndalama zoposa $4,000,000 ku mabanja ndi zigawo ( FeMA Mphepo Ian Reveration [FLD 1:1]).

Maphunziro

Maboma onse, kaya apereke ndalama zochuluka bwanji, amayang’anira masukulu, ndiponso amayang’anira masukulu kuti atsimikizire kuti ana onse ndi achikulire ali ndi mwayi wophunzira ndi kukulitsa luso lothandiza m’moyo.

Sukulu za Boma K-12

Machigawo a sukulu zakumaloko, ochirikizidwa ndi misonkho ya katundu ndi chithandizo cha boma, akuchititsa sukulu zoyambirira ndi za sekondale. Masukulu ameneŵa akufunika kukwaniritsa miyezo ya boma ya maphunziro, mapepala a aphunzitsi, ndi ntchito ya ophunzira. Elementiary ndi Secondary ESA, yovomerezedwanso monga Secondary Educations Act (ESSA), imapereka ndalama za boma zothandizira ophunzira osoŵa, kuwongolera mkhalidwe wa aphunzitsi, ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso la maphunziro.

Maphunziro Apamwamba

Boma ndi boma limawononga ndalama zambiri m'makoleji ndi mayunivesite. Mayunivesite a boma amalandira ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito kuchokera ku bajeti ya boma, zimene zimathandiza kusunga ndalama zocheperapo pa mabungwe a anthu. Kuwonjezerapo, maprogramu a boma monga Pell Grants ndi ngongole za ophunzira amapangitsa maphunziro apamwamba kukhala otheka kwa mamiliyoni. Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro ya U.S. imapatsa ndalama zoposa $120 biliyoni pachaka ([[[FLT: 0]] .

Achikulire ndi Kupitiriza Maphunziro

Maboma amaphunzitsanso achikulire, kuphatikizapo mapulogalamu a maphunziro a zamaphunziro, maphunziro a zantchito, ndi maphunziro a ku koleji.

3. Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zinthu

Madongosolo akuthupi amene amathandiza anthu, ndi udindo waukulu wa boma. Popanda misewu yodalirika, milatho, madzi, intaneti, ntchito zachuma ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, madongosolo a boma, ndalama, ndi ntchito zothandiza anthu onse akakhala ndi moyo, zingalephereke.

Misewu ndi Njira Zapamwamba

Madipatimenti a zoyendera a m'deralo ndi a boma ali ndi udindo womanga ndi kukonza misewu, makwalala, ndi maulalo. Boma la boma limapereka ndalama kudzera ku Highway Trust Fund, yolipirira ndi misonkho ya mafuta. Mu 2021, Indraptublic Respect Act imapereka chilolezo cha K $1.2 thililiyoni za zoyendera, kukwera, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu pawirikiti zaka zisanu ( USDOTTPRAN INFFRALTURECREAL ). Zitsanso za Bridge ya Bridge yolumikiza Ohio ndi Kentucky ndi kuwonjezeka kwa njira zoyendera za anthu m'mizinda yonga Los Angeles.

Zoyendera za Anthu Onse

Maboma amayendetsa mabasi, sitima zonyamulika, ndi sitima zoyenda pansi kuti apereke njira zosavuta komanso zoyendera. Makampani monga a Metropolitan Transportitotion Authority (MTA) ku New York amayendetsa ntchito yaikulu kwambiri yoyendera anthu ku United States, ndipo amatumikira anthu oposa 5 miliyoni tsiku ndi tsiku. Makampaniwa amathandizira kuti anthu ayambe kuyenda bwino, monga mabasi atsopano kapena masiteshoni, omwe amawonjezera kudalirika ndi kukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito.

Madzi ndi Zinyalala

Kupeza madzi abwino akumwa ndi ukhondo ndi ntchito yaikulu ya boma. Makina a m'malo, kaŵirikaŵiri aunyinji, amasamalira ndi kugaŵira madzi, kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza madzi otayika, ndi kuyendetsa madzi a mphepo. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) imakhazikitsa miyezo ya madzi akumwa ndi kukakamiza Safed Admite Water Act . Mu Flint, Michigan, kulephera kwa boma kunatsogolera kuvutitsa madzi, kuloŵerera kwa boma ndi boma kubwezeretsa mapaipi a mtope ndi kubwezeretsa madzi abwino ndi chitsanzo cha kubwezera mlandu wa zonse ziŵirizo ([FLT:]]

Intaneti Yosabisa

M’zaka za zana la 21, kubisa magetsi kwakhala kofunika kwambiri monga magetsi. Maboma akuika ndalama zowonjezera kupezeka kwa intaneti yapamwamba kumidzi ndi madera osungidwa. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) imayang'anira program ya Affordmetable Conteration, imene imathandizira mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa. Komiti ya USDA ya Reatem Program imapereka ngongole ndi kupereka chilolezo cha kumanga nyumba zapamwamba m'madera akutali.

Chisamaliro cha Zaumoyo

Kuloŵetsedwa m’zipatala kwa boma kumayambira pa makonzedwe autumiki achindunji ku njira zoyendetsera, inshuwalansi, ndi zaumoyo wa anthu onse. Cholinga ndicho kutsimikizira kuti nzika zonse zikhoza kupeza mautumiki ofunika a zamankhwala pamene zikutetezera anthu ku kubuka kwa matenda ndi ngozi zathanzi.

Zofuna Zaumoyo wa Anthu Onse

Bungwe la Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) limachititsa anthu kuyang’anira ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa kuopsa kwa thanzi. Limayambitsa matenda, kufufuza, ndiponso limapereka malangizo otetezera matenda. Mliri wa CHOVID, CDC wogwirizana ndi mayeso, makampani a katemera, ndi malangizo a anthu. Boma ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo a m'deralo amasamalira mapulogalamu ameneŵa, kugawa zipatala zopimira matenda, kuyang’anira matenda, ndi maphunziro a zaumoyo.

Zipatala ndi Machipatala

Maboma ambiri a m'maderawa amasamalira zipatala ndi malo a zaumoyo amene amasamalira odwala mosasamala kanthu za kukhoza kwawo. Makampani a zikopa ameneŵa makamaka ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu opeza ndalama zochepa, osoŵa, ndi amene ali ndi zosoŵa zamankhwala zovuta. Bungwe la Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA) limachirikiza odwala oposa 1,400 miliyoni kudutsa U.S.

Maprogramu a Inshuwalansi Yaumoyo

Maboma amachirikiza maprogramu a inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo kuti afutukule. Medicare imapereka inshuwalansi kwa okalamba ndi anthu opunduka, pamene Medicaid akubisa anthu ndi mabanja otsika olandira ndalama. Affordal Care AC) adapanga misika ya boma ndi ndalama kuti inshuwalansi yaumwini ikhale yokhoza kukwera. Zonsezi, maprogramu ameneŵa achepetsa mlingo wosagulitsidwawo kufika ku mlingo waung’ono.

5. Chitetezo cha Malo Okhala

Kutetezera malo okhala kwakhala thayo lotchuka kwambiri la boma pamene mabungwe akuyang’anizana ndi kuipitsa, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu Zoipitsa

Ceac Air Act and Clean Water Act imapereka mphamvu ku EPA kuti ikhazikitse malire pa mpweya ndi madzi amene amawononga mpweya ndi mlingo wa madzi. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la EPA la EPA la m'Chipatala cha Deseamor Desel Lault likufuna kuti mafakitale a mphamvu ya mphepo achepetse zinthu zoipitsa zimene zimawononga anthu amene amamira mlengalenga. Bungweli limayang'aniranso kuyeretsa malo oopsa a zinyalala pansi pa programu ya Superyung . Mu 2023, EPA inayambitsa malire okhwima oletsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon kuchokera ku zomera zamagetsi kuti ziteteze ku kusintha kwa nyengo.

Maprogramu Osamalira

Maboma onse amayang'anira mapaki a dziko, nkhalango, malo othaŵirako a nyama, ndi malo ena otetezeredwa. National Park Service imayang'anira malo oposa mahekitala 85 miliyoni, kutetezera malo achilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe. Boma ndi maboma a kumaloko amapanga malo obiriŵira, malo osungirako zachilengedwe, ndi mapaki a m’matauni amene amapereka mwaŵi wa zosangulutsa ndi kuwongolera mkhalidwe wabwino wa mpweya. Land and Water Conservation Fund imapatsira ndalama kuchokera ku mafuta a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi gasi zomatsika ndi kukulitsa maiko a anthu.

Mphamvu Zotha Kusintha

Maboma amalimbikitsa mphamvu zoyera mwa zisonkhezero za msonkho, ndalama, ndi malamulo. Federal Investicement Tax Crend (ITC) imalimbikitsa kutengera mphamvu ya dzuŵa mwa kulola makampani ndi eninyumba kuchotsa chigawo chimodzi cha ndalama zoikirira. Maboma ambiri ali ndi miyezo yachiŵiri ya Portfolio yofuna kukonzanso magetsi ofunikira kuwonjezera ku magetsi kuchokera ku malo oyambitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, cholinga cha California cha 100% magetsi a magetsi oyenderana ndi galimoto mu 2045.

Kusamalira Zachuma

Maboma amachita mbali yaikulu m’kusungitsa chuma chosagwedera ndi chotukuka. mwa malamulo a zachuma, malamulo, ndi chichirikizo chachindunji, iwo amasonkhezera ntchito, kukwera kwa mitengo, ndi kukula pamene akutetezera ogula ndi kutsimikizira misika yosatsatirika.

Msonkho ndi Ndalama Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Anthu Onse

Misonkho ndi imene imathandizira kwambiri ntchito za boma. Kubweza misonkho, misonkho, misonkho ya makampani, ndi misonkho ya katundu, maphunziro a zachuma, zitetezero, ndi maprogramu a zaumoyo. Lamulo la msonkho lingagwiritsiridwenso ntchito kusonkhezera khalidwe / Mwachitsanzo, kuchimwa kwa misonkho pa fodya ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa kumaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pokonza maprogramu a zaumoyo.

Kuwongolera Malonda

Mabungwe oyang’anira a boma amaonetsetsa kuti makampani akugwira ntchito bwino ndiponso mosamala. Makampani a boma amayang’anira kuti ateteze anthu obera anzawo. Koma bungwe la Federal Trade Commission (FTC) limakhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kudalirana ndi kuteteza anthu. Bungwe la Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) limakhazikitsa miyezo yoteteza anthu kuntchito kuti achepetse kuvulala ndi matenda.

Kulimba ndi Kukhazikika m’Zachuma

Panthaŵi ya kutsika kwa chuma, maboma amagwiritsira ntchito kuchepetsa ndalama .Monga ngati kuchepetsa msonkho, malipiro achindunji, ndi ndalama zowonongedwa ndi boma . Kuwonjezera kufuna ndi kupanga ntchito. Lamulo la American Recovery ndi Reinstement la 2009 linaloŵetsa $31 biliyoni m'zachuma pambuyo pa Great Recession . Posachedwapa, ACTIRES Act ndi maphukusi otsatira opereka chithandizo choperekedwa pa mliri woposa $5 miliyoni ya $5 miliyoni pa mliri wa ku COVID, wochirikiza mabizinesi, antchito, ndi mabanja.

Maprogramu a Chikhalidwe cha Anthu

Maboma amathandiza anthu ndi mabanja amene ali pangozi kuti atetezedwe, ndipo amawathandiza kukwaniritsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndiponso kuchepetsa ulemu wawo.

Thandizo la Chakudya

SNAP inathandiza mabanja opeza chakudya chochepa. Mu 2023, SNAP inathandiza anthu oposa 41 miliyoni ndipo inapindula ndi ndalama zokwana $186 pa mwezi. Komiti yapadera ya Superstational Nutrition Program ya Akazi, Ana, ndi Ana (WiC) imapereka chakudya chomanga thupi ndi thanzi la akazi oyembekezera ndi ana aang’ono.

Thandizo la Kumanga Nyumba

Maboma amaika nyumba za obwereka ndalama zochepa kupyolera m'maprogramu onga Nyumba Choloser Vouchers (Nsanja 8) ndi ntchito za anthu onse zomanga nyumba. Dipatimenti ya House and Urban Development (HUD) imapereka maprogramu ameneŵa, omwe amathandiza mabanja oposa 5 miliyoni. Maboma a kumaloko amagwiritsiranso ntchito njira zotetezera kusoŵa pokhala, zonga ngati malo osungirako odzitetezera ndi mautumiki odziwitsa mwamsanga.

Inshuwalansi ya Ulova ndi Chitetezo cha Anthu

Inshuwalansi ya ulova imathandiza kwa kanthaŵi antchito amene amachotsedwa ntchito popanda kulakwa kwawo. Maboma amatsogolera maprogramu ameneŵa pa nthaŵi ya mavuto aakulu. Social Security, programu yaikulu ya boma, imapereka mapindu a kuleka ntchito, kulemala, ndi opulumuka kwa anthu oposa 66 miliyoni a ku Amereka, kuchotsa mamiliyoni ambiri ku umphaŵi.

8. Kutetezera Dziko ndi Unansi wa Mitundu Yonse

Kuteteza dziko kuti lisasokonezedwe ndi kukhala mwamtendere ndi anthu a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi udindo wa boma wokhazikitsa malamulo a boma, ndipo zimenezi zimafuna kuti anthu azichita zinthu mogwirizana pa nkhondo, pakhale luntha, ndiponso pakhale mgwirizano.

Asilikali

Dipatimenti ya zachitetezo imayang'anira magulu ankhondo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mautumiki Anzeru

Mabungwe a zanzeru monga Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) ndi National Security Agency (NSA) akusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula chidziŵitso chodziŵikitsa ziwopsezo za chisungiko cha dziko. Zimapereka mayeso apadera amene amadziŵitsa kupanga malamulo ndi kulinganiza zankhondo. Ofesi ya Director of National Intelligence imagwirizanitsa zoyesayesa pakati pa mabungwe 18 kutsimikizira ntchito za luntha logwirizana.

Kuthandiza Anthu Odwala Matenda Oopsa

Mapangano a mapangano, kupititsa patsogolo malonda, ndi kupititsa patsogolo zinthu za ku United States. Maprogramu a chithandizo cha mayiko akunja, monga bungwe la Pulezidenti la Emergency Plan for AIDS Resolution (PAPFAR), amathandiza anthu mabiliyoni ambiri kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino, apite patsogolo, ndiponso kuti anthu azigwirizana.

Kumaliza: Ntchito Yolamulira ya Boma

Zitsanzo za m’nkhani ino zikusonyeza kuti apolisi a m’madera osiyanasiyana ndi masukulu a boma ndi mabungwe a boma amene amayang'anira mavuto a zaumoyo ndi chitetezo cha dziko, maboma achita ntchito zofunika zimene zimathandiza anthu kutukuka. Ntchito zimenezi sizikupitirira. Zimasinthasintha kuti ayambe kuukira zinthu zatsopano, kuopsa kwa nyengo, miliri, ndi magulu ena a anthu. Kulamulira kothandiza kumafuna kuonekera bwino, kuyankha mlandu, ndi kuvomerezana ndi anthu. Mwa kuzindikira mmene ntchito zimenezi zikuchitikira, nzika zingaonetse bwino ntchito za boma ndi kuthandiza kukonza njira zimene zimathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale zabwino.