Kumvetsetsa Malamulo Osintha m’Maulamuliro Amakono

Legislative gradict lock — kulephera kwa bungwe la malamulo kukhazikitsa malamulo chifukwa cha kutsekereza kwapadera, nkhondo yogaŵa, kapena kulinganiza kwa dongosolo la demokrase . Kuchokera ku kuvutitsa kwa pulogalamu wamba, kulinganiza kwenikweni zophatikizidwa ndi nthaŵi ya malamulo a kamodzikamodzi], kachitidwe koumitsa kuuma kwa mavuto adziko. Nkhaniyi imapereka kufufuza kowonjezereka kwa zochititsa, zotulukapo, ndi mankhwala othekera kaamba ka kulinganiza kwa zisonyezero zenizeni za dziko ndi kusanthula kwauka kwaukano.

Zochititsa Zochititsa Zochititsa Kusintha Malamulo

Kumvetsa zimene zimayambitsa vutoli n’kofunika kwambiri kuti munthu adziwe mmene malamulo a boma amakhudzira anthu.

Kulinganiza ndi Kupatukana kwa Mphamvu

M'madongosolo a pulezidenti monga United States, kugaŵidwa kwa malamulo kwa maulamuliro kumapanga nsonga zambiri. Mabuku ayenera kudutsa matembenuzidwe ofanana m'zipinda zonse ziŵiri za Congress ndi kulandira siginenti ya pulezidenti — kapena kuchotsa ndi ma trift aŵiri , supermagement . Mabungwe ameneŵa analinganizidwa mwadala kuchedwetsa malamulo, koma angafooketse pamene kulamulira kwa ogaŵanitsa kuli kogaŵanitsidwa ndi gulu losiyana ndi pulezidenti.

Kusintha Dzuwa ndi Kupanga Njira Yolowera Zinthu Zachilengedwe

Pazaka makumi angapo zapitazo, zipani zazikulu za ndale zadziko za ku America zakhala ndi malingaliro ofanana kwambiri ndi ogwirizana. Odzisunga asoŵa kwambiri ku Congress, kuchepetsa maziko ofunikira kaamba ka kulolera. Zimenezi [[FLT: 0]] zikuwonjezera kuwonjezereka kwa malo opatukirapo [[[FLT: 1] kutanthauza kuti ngakhale pamene gulu la gulu lilamulira zipinda zonse ziŵiri, timagulu ta mkati — monga Nyumba Free Caucus kapena Caucus Yopita Patsogolo — zingatseke mfundo zofunika za utsogoleri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Reliefbuster mu Khoti, kumene kumafuna kuti mavoti 60 athetse kutsutsana ndi malamulo ambiri, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya anthu ochepa otsimikiza. Monga momwe Mann ndi Normannstein anatsutsa m'bukhu lawo [FL:] Kuwonanso N’kuipitsirane "Ikusinthanso, Chikalata chamakono, Chikalata Chotchedwa R. Chikalata cha Chikalata cha Chikusintha , chikusinthanso chikugwiritsidwa ntchito chakusintha kwambiri cha kuletsa kuchepetsa chigawa cha chigawa cha chika cha chika cha.

Kusintha kwa Njira Zosandutsa Zinthu ndi Kuloŵera kwa Kamphindi

Opanga malamulo amayang'anizana ndi chitsenderezo cha nthaŵi zonse cha kutulutsa mbiri ya chipambano cha lamulo pamene akusiyana ndi adani. M'malo ozungulira othamanga kwambiri, kutsekereza njira za kampeni za chipani china chingakhale njira yogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa kudutsa mabipartisan. Mphamvu imeneyi imakhala yaikulu kwambiri makamaka m'zaka za chisankho, pamene ngakhale malamulo a boma osachitika kawirikawiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chotulukapo ndicho kayendedwe ka kudzidalira kwa munthu: kuchepetsa kudalira kwa anthu, kumene kumasonkhezera malingaliro otsutsa kuikidwa ndi boma, amene amalimbikitsa kusokonezedwa ndi opanga malamulo owonjezereka pofuna kutsimikizira ufulu wawo kuchokera ku “Shyton.

Kukula kwa Ntchito Yophunzitsa Zakuthambo

Malamulo monga filbuster, ogwirizana ndi kulembedwa kwa lamulo, ndi kuchedwa kwakhala chizoloŵezi chowonjezereka. Thongole, lomwe linkasungidwa pa mikangano yaikulu ya dziko, tsopano likugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekereza pafupifupi malamulo onse ofunika kwambiri pokhapo ngati ingachititse kutchuka kwa . Zimenezi zayambitsa njira yopangira malamulo kuchokera kwa anthu wamba kufika kwa anthu oyeneretsedwa, zimene zapangitsa kusintha kochepa. Congregation Research Research Service ikusimba kuti chiŵerengero cha malamulo oikidwa mu Khoti la malamulo chakwera kuchokera pa 20 chaka chimodzi pachaka chimodzi mu 1970 kufika pa 200 m'ma 250 a Congress.

Zotsatira za Lamulo la Anthu Onse

Kulephera kupanga malamulo kuli ndi ziyambukiro zazikulu ndi zosagwirizana pa malamulo osiyanasiyana. Madera ena, monga ngati kuloledwa kwa kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama ndi kudzitetezera, amatetezeredwa chifukwa chakuti ma bajeti amapititsidwa pa maprogramu otsatizana ndi pulogalamu. Koma maprogramu anzeru — kuphatikizapo maphunziro, malamulo a malo okhala, dongosolo la zinthu za m’mabanja, ndi ukonde wa anthu — zimavutika mopambanitsa.

Kusintha Kokhazikika m’Mavuto

Kusamalira thanzi ndi nkhondo yosatha yolimbana ndi malo osungirako mankhwala. Affordcable Care Act (ACA) adachitidwa mu 2010 popanda voti imodzi ya Republican, ndipo zoyesayesa zotsatirapo za kukonza kapena kuwonjezera zakhala zopimidwa. Masitepe a dricklock amatseka mzera wa kuulutsa kwa Medicaid m'mayiko osasintha, kubwezeretsa mitengo ya mankhwala ogulitsa, ndi kusamalira mankhwala odabwitsa. Zotsatira zake ndizo njira yochitira ntchito imene kuphimba ndi ndalama zikupitirizabe kukwera. Malinga ndi Kaiter Family Foundation Foundation , chiŵerengero chosatetezerekani cha anthu chakhala ndi chiwongola cha zaka zingapo zapitazo.

Kukonza Zinthu ndi Kupanga Mabungwe a Zachuma

Malamulo oletsa kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto ngosavuta kutseguka chifukwa ntchito zazikulu za m'mafakitale zimafuna kusungidwa, chilolezo cha zaka zambiri ndi kusinthasintha. American Society of Civil Enginegers yakhala ikupatsa mlingo wa Cîge + , njira zosonyezera misewu, mamilatho, ndi maluwa amagetsi. Lamulo la Birtisan Infractrastry linali lopatuka — chiwiritso chachikulu ndi chodabwitsa cha kulinganiza kwa C. Koma kuyambira pamenepo, malonda owonjezereka atha kuchedwa. Ntchito za zoyendera, kulephera kukonzanso mphamvu ya mphamvu ya mphamvu, ndi ndalama zoperewera chifukwa cha kukula kwa dziko lonse la Balbalpt . Bungwe la Congrageation la Dronga la DP lalephera kuchepetsa kukula kwa chuma chamakono ndi kuchepa kwa GP.

Lamulo la Kumalo Okhala ndi Kutentha

Kusintha kwa nyengo kumafuna kuchitika mofulumira, koma malamulo owonjezereka asiya United States popanda lamulo la boma la zanyengo kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Lamulo la Flassition Reduction Act ya 2022 linaphatikizapo makonzedwe apadera a nyengo koma linapititsidwa ku njira yogwirizanitsa zinthu zimene zinatsekereza kwambiri. Panthaŵiyi, zochita zolamulira zauyang'aniro kudzera ku bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency zimawonongeka ndi kusokonezedwa ndi malamulo a boma. Driplecock imachedwetsanso kulinganiza kwa mapangano a malo okhalako padziko lonse, monga ngati Kyoto Programme ndi Paris Revition — yomalizira ya zimene U.S inaloŵa ndi kubwererako, kokha kubwereranso pansi pa dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka boma. Kusinthaku kumafooketsa kudalirika ndi kupita patsogolo kwa dziko lonse la America pa kutsika kwa kutulutsa makampani.

Maphunziro ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ntchito

Gridlock m'malamulo a maphunziro imatsogolera ku kuthandizira kwa ndalama za ku K12 m'masukulu, makamaka m'zigawo zotsika zolandira zimene zimadalira pa Umutwe I I I. Zoyesayesa zokonzanso Elementi ndi Secondary Education Act zatha mobwerezabwereza, kusiya 2015 Wophunzira Yense Apambana ndi Kulolera kosalimba. Mofananamo, malingaliro a kupanga koleji kukhala yaufulu, kufutukula Pell Grants, kapena kusintha dongosolo la ophunzira amwalira mobwerezabwereza m'Congress. Chotulukapo ndicho njira imene [[FLT: 0] Accesss ku kuli maphunziro abwino kwambiri [ yosagwirizana ndi maprogramungwe a ntchito a , ndipo maprogramumboni a ntchito amalephera kusintha zinthu zamakono. [FLD:] Kusintha kwa makampani a zamakono [FFFF:3] kumasintha malonda a ntchito kuyambira mu 1980, ndipo a GPP.

Kusalingana Zachuma ndi Lamulo la Kakhalidwe ka Anthu

Gridlock imaletsanso kupatsana ndalama ndi masikito otetezera anthu. Malamulo owonjezera malipiro ochepera, kuwonjezera Child Taxis Crive, kapena kukhazikitsa matchuti a banja olipira atsekedwa mobwerezabwereza. Kuwonjezereka kwakanthaŵi kwa Child Tax Price Mu 2021 — kumene kunachepetsa umphaŵi wa ana pafupifupi theka — kunaloledwa kutha chifukwa chakuti Nyumba za Malamulo sizikanagwirizana pa kuwonjezera. Kulephera kumeneku kumasonyeza mmene kutsekemera kwakhala kolunjika, zotsatira zothekera kwa anthu ovutika. Monga momwe katswiri wa za zachuma Gabriel Zucman wasonyezera, msonkho ndi kusamutsira anthu a U.

Zitsanzo za M’mbiri ndi Malingaliro Oyerekezera

Gridlock siili yokha ku United States, koma ziyambukiro zake nzowopsa makamaka m’madongosolo a pulezidenti ndi ma bidrary amphamvu. Kuyerekezera United States ndi mademokrase ena kumaunikira mmene malamulo ochirikiza malamulo oulutsa zinthu zaumoyo amawunikira kuwopsa kwa kulimba kwa mlingo wa madrock.

U.S. m’Zaka za Zana la 21

Kuchokera pa vuto la makhongole la 2011 mpaka kuletsa boma 2018-2019, mobwerezabwereza lachititsa boma la boma kulephera kapena kutsekedwa. Kuletsa 2013 kunali kothandiza ndalama za ACA; 2018-2019 kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizira pamaliko a khomo. Vuto lililonse linawononga anthu ndipo linachedwetsa mautumiki ofunika. Komiti ya Government Activity .

Mlandu Woyerekezera: Madongosolo a Nyumba Yamalamulo

Maiko onga United Kingdom, Germany, ndi Canada saona kuchedwa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti mkulu wa boma amatengedwa ndi anthu ambiri. Komabe, maboma ogwirizana angatulutse mtundu wawo wa malo osinthira pamene magulu ankhondo sagwirizana pa malamulo aakulu. Mwachitsanzo, “Bundestag” ya Germany yaona kuchedwa kwa nyengo chifukwa cha kutsutsana kwa mgwirizano. Komabe, madongosolo a nyumba za malamulo angapangitse bajeti ndi malamulo aakulu kuposa U.S. Nyumba ya malamulo ya boma ya Sweden, kumene maboma ochepa ayenera kukambirana ndi magulu ambiri, amasonyeza kuti kulira kwa magetsi kungachepetsedwe ndi malamulo onga ngati “kutsutsana koyenera. ” — kumene anthu ochepa amaleka malamulo otere. U.S.

Kulimbana ndi Magulu Olimbana

M'madongosolo a boma onga U.S. ndi Canada, malo otseguka pamlingo wa dziko angakakamize kupanga lamulo ku boma ndi maboma a boma. Zimenezi zingatulutse mapangano a mkhalidwe wa dziko (m’chitsanzo, malamulo a boma ku California) komanso kugaŵikana ndi kusalingana. Mkati mwa nyengo za mademokrase a boma, maboma amakhala malaboratorishoni a demokrase — koma kokha ngati ali ndi chuma ndi ndale zadziko zidzachitapo kanthu. Maboma aumphaŵi kaŵirikaŵiri sangakhoze kudzaza malo opatulidwa, kutsogolera ku ku kugaŵa kwaumoyo wa anthu onse, maphunziro, ndi nyumba zosungiramo chuma.

Njira Zothandiza Kutsekereza M’madzi Otsekemera

Ngakhale kuti palibe kusintha kumodzi komwe kungathetse kukwera kwa malo, njira zingapo zapita patsogolo kuti zichepetse kuchuluka kwake ndi mphamvu yake.

Kusintha kwa Mabungwe

  • Kusintha kapena kusintha mwana: Kuchotsa chiyeneretso cha 60 [1] pa lamulo lalikulu kukalola Nyumba ya Malamulo kutumiza ndalama ndi anthu ambiri. Komabe, zimenezi zingachepetsenso kukhoza kwa gulu laling'ono kutsekereza njira zopambanitsa. Malo apakati angakhale “kulankhula ndi mwana wa mwana wakhanda. Kufuna makampani kumanga pansi nthaŵi zonse, monga momwe zinalili 1975 isanafike.
  • Kukonzanso kagwirizanitsidwe ka bajeti: pakali pano] ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zowonongedwa, kuyanjanitsa kungafutukulidwe kuphatikizapo kusintha kwina kwa malamulo, kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha nkhani zimene zimafuna kuti mwana apeze mwana abuluster.
  • Kachitidwe kotsatira malamulo ndi kupanga malamulo: Mapresidenti angagwiritsire ntchito maodiresi a akuluakulu, actranda, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma kuti akwaniritse zolinga za lamulo popanda Congress — koma njira zimenezi n’zosalimba ndipo zopinga ku khoti. Njira yadongosolo kwambiri ingakhale kupempha Malamulo kuti avomereze malamulo aakulu, monga pansi pa Congregational Review Act, koma ndi zipitizikulu za kukakamiza ntchito.

Kusintha kwa Gulu la Electoral

  • Kuvota îchoice ndi kutseguka kwa pulogalamu: Masinthidwe ameneŵa angachepetse chisonkhezero cha malingaliro opambanitsa ndi kulimbikitsa oyembekezera kusanthula masankho ochuluka. M'maboma onga Maine ndi Alaska, kuvota kokhala ndi malo apamwamba kwachititsa opambana ambiri.
  • Mtanda wopingasa: Magulu amwamsanga onga ngati Problem Contungations Caucus m'Nyumba kukhazikitsa maunansi kudutsa m’pansi ndipo angatumikire monga mphamvu yololera molakwa.

Kuthandiza Anthu Onse ndi Kuonetsa Malo Oyera

Kuzindikira kokulirapo kwa anthu za mtengo wa marock lock kungayambitse chitsenderezo kwa opanga malamulo kuti achitepo kanthu. Mabungwe a Non paratistan onga Nobels amagwira ntchito yochirikiza oyembekezera ndi mabipartisan. Kuwonjezera apo, kupanga njira za malamulo zowonekera kwambiri — mwachitsanzo, mwa kufuna kuti zilembo zonse zipangidwe poyera kwa maola 72 chivoti chisanavoti — zingachepetse kugwiritsira ntchito machenjera ndi kubwezera mlandu.

Kumaliza

Malamulo oletsa kudalirana sindiwo chabe chizindikiro cha kusamvana kwa ndale zadziko; ndi mkhalidwe wa kachitidwe umene umapotoza mwa njira yolondola lamulo la anthu. Pamene makampani a boma alanda, mavuto ofulumira — kuyambira kusintha kwa nyengo kufikira ku kuchepa kwa chuma ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu — amangokhala opanda malo ake, amachotsa chidaliro cha anthu ndi kusiya nzika zikulephera. Okhala ndi ndalamazo amaperekedwa mopambanitsa ndi osavuta kwambiri, amene amadalira pa kachitidwe ka boma kaamba ka zaumoyo, maphunziro, ndi chichirikizo cha anthu.

Kuthetsa kayendedwe ka marock kumafunikira zambiri kuposa kuvomerezana ndi zinzake; kumafuna masinthidwe a boma amene amagwirizanitsa zisonkhezero ndi mavuto, kusintha kwachibadwa kumene kumachepetsa zopinga kuti zithe kudutsa, ndi chikhalidwe cha ndale zadziko chimene chimabwezera kumbuyo ku zopinga. Pamene kuli kwakuti palibe kusintha kuli ngati payayace, msanganizo wa kusintha kwa chisinthiko cha chibadwire, kusintha kwa masinthidwe, ndi kulimbitsa kachitidwe ka boma ka boma kuti likhalenso lolamulira bwino. Monga nzika, kuzindikira mizu ndi zotulukapo za kutsekedwa ndi kutsendereza njira ya ndale zadziko yowonjezereka.