Table of Contents

Ishingiro ry'Ishingiro rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika ryemeza umudendezo w’idini nka kimwe mu burenganzira bw'ibanze mu ishami rya demokarasi rya Amerika. Uburinzi bw'ibanze butangwa mu Ivugurura rya Mbere, rikubiyemo gahunda ebyihariye ariko zunzemo: ishyirwaho rya Claus na Free - Claus.

Dusobanukirwe Idini rya Noël rya Mbere ry’Ivugurura

Ivugurura rya Mbere ryagize riti “nta tegeko na rimwe rizashyirwaho ku bihereranye no gushyiraho idini, cyangwa kubuza abantu kuryikoresha ku buntu. ” Ayo magambo cumi n’atandatu yahinduye umudendezo wo mu rwego rw’idini wa Amerika mu gihe cy’ibinyejana birenga bibiri, ashyiraho imishyikirano yihariye hagati ya leta n’idini, itandukanya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’andi mahanga menshi.

Gahunda ebyiri za mbere z’Ivugurura rya Mbere, rizwi ku izina rya Idini rya Claus, zivuga ko Inama Nshingamake itazashinga itegeko ry’ishyiraho idini cyangwa ngo ibuzanya uburyo bwo kurikoresha ku buntu.

Uko Claus yashyizweho

Iyo disikuru yatanzwe na Claus ni indi mipaka yashyizweho n’Inama y’Amakoraniro yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ibuza gushyiraho amategeko agenga idini ryemewe n’amategeko, kandi igatuma leta itubahiriza ubutegetsi, cyangwa igashyigikira idini runaka ritanga imisoro.

Iryo hame ryasobanuwe ko ubutegetsi bugomba gukomeza kutagira aho bubogamira mu bikorwa by’idini no mu bikorwa byayo, kandi ntibushyigikire imyizerere cyangwa ibikorwa byayo.

Imyitozo ya Claus nta kiyibuza

Ihuriro ry'Umuteguro wa Mbere ribuza amanama kubuza abantu gukoresha idini ku buntu.

Ku bw’ibyo, amategeko ya leta cyangwa iya leta, ntashobora gutuma umuntu ashinga ko kugira imyizerere cyangwa igitekerezo icyo ari cyo cyose gishingiye ku idini biterwa n’uko yiyemeje kwimakaza imyizerere y’idini, kandi nta mipaka irebana n’imihango y’idini.

Isano hagati y’abo ba Créous babiri

Free Execle Claus ihangayikishijwe n' "Guhatwa na Leta," mu gihe ishyirwaho rya Claus ari "ishingirwaho n'amategeko ashyiraho idini ryemewe, niba ayo mategeko akora mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo ashyireho abantu batabitesha agaciro cyangwa ntayabone." ayo magambo yombi arinda amahame amwe, na kenshi kurenga ku mategeko y'andi.

, Kabiri i Gutegeka Bya i Rimwe, i Rimwe, indi. Urugero:, NIBA i i Kureka gutanga imirimo (i.,, umuriro na Politike) Kuri, i. i (Bwiyongera Umutekano ya: A Icyabaye), i.

Amateka n’iterambere ryabyo

Amafashi y’Abakoroni

Igitekerezo cy’umudendezo w’idini muri Amerika gifite inkomoko ikomeye y’amateka yabayeho mbere y’uko Ishingiro ry'amategeko riba.Mu mwaka wa 1681, Pennsylvania yashinzwe mu buryo budashingiye ku idini kandi bubuzanya umudendezo wo mu rwego rw’idini.

Uwundi muyobozi ushobora kuba waratangiye mu Rwiruhuko Rureruhuke rwa Virginie Sigment for Religious Umudendezo. Iryo tegeko ryashyizweho n'uwitwa Thomas Jefferson mu mwaka wa 17777, kandi ryatangijwe mu Ikoraniro rusange rya Virginie mu mwaka wa 1779. Ntiryasohoye Ikoraniro rusange kugeza mu 1786. James Madison yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwandika iryo tegeko. Amategeko yakuyeho Kiliziya y’Abangilikani mu Budage, kandi yahamije umudendezo wo gusenga abantu bo mu madini yose, hakubiyemo Abagatolika n’Abayahudi hamwe n’abagize Amadini yose y’Abaporotesitanti.

Ihuriro rya Leta

Mbere y’uko Ivugurura rya Giheburayo rya cumi na kane rishyirwaho mu mwaka wa 1868, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga Rwiyemeje muri rusange ko inkiko z’Impinga z’Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu z’Ikirenga zitagombaga kwerekezwa kuri leta.

Mu mwaka wa 1940, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwashyize iyo ngingo ku nyungu za Leta (Cantwell na Connecticut). Ishyirahamwe rya Claus ryashyizwe muri Everson na. Bd., 330 U.S.S. (1947), mu gihe urukiko rwifashishije shingiro rya Claus rwemewe na Cantwell na Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 303 (1940).

Amahame y’Amategeko n’Ibigeragezo

Igerageza Iryo Honosi ryatumye Panama Ishyirwaho

Mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi, inkiko zakoresheje gahunda ifatiweho kugira ngo zisuzume niba ibikorwa bya leta byarenze ku ishyirwaho rya Claus. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwakoze igerageza ry'ibice bitatu kugira ngo risuzume iby'icitso cya Claus. Amategeko ashingiye ku mategeko agenga imishinga ya mbere y'isi yahinduwe n'amategeko: (1) agomba kugira intego y'isi; (2) agomba kugira ingaruka z'ibanze cyangwa y'ibanze idateza imbere cyangwa ngo ibuza abantu kujya mu idini; (3) ntagomba guteza indi nyirambere mu idini.

Igerageza, Nka i Igerageza Nyuma i., ya: Igerageza na, na Na: Kuri "Ibikorwa na" in Birenzeho.

Amahame yo kwinonora imitsi nta kiguzi: Kuva ku buhanga bukomeye, njya kutagira aho wivanga

command y'amategeko ya: Ibyifuzo: Biruta Igihe. Urukiko rwatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa i Bisanzwe Bya "" in Ubuso i Bya amategeko arebana n'uburenganzira bw'ikimuntu, i Kuri Bya Imyifatire ya kidini A Leta Herekana% S Ashishikajwe na Oya Birutwa Uburyo Kuri Impera.

Bisanzwe in v., in i Iburyo: Bya Kigenga OYA Bya i Kuri Na: A na Bya Rusange ku i i (Cyangwa) Imyifatire (Cyangwa). cy/ byagarajwe A Gusunika in.

Nyuma, A Bidasanzwe ku Gicurasi OYA Cyangwa na Imbarutso. ni "Kurekura: Kuri ku" Birebire Nka Itegeko ni na. A Itegeko ni OYA Cyangwa, Bigezweho Kuri Gushyiraho, Igisobanuro i Igikorwa "Ibyifuzo na ni Kuri."

Igikorwa cyo Gusubizaho Umudendezo mu Buryo bw’Idini

Bya i Igerageza Bya i Irebana ry' igenzura, ku na i Himura Bya i Kuri Kuri Kugarura i Mbere Igerageza. in Kuri Bya Bya V... A Bya. Amategeko Kuri, i kirekire kurusha ibindi Ifishi% S: Bya. i Kuri ku A "" na Inyuma ku i "".

Bya Na:., i Nka Byashyizweho Kuri i, i Gutegeka: i Kuri i, i Bya i Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwagerageje kwigarurira i Inshingano ya i Ishingiro ry'amategeko, i Igerageza in., Kuri Kongera gukora ku bikorwa bya Leta.

na, ku in 2000, ni Kuri Nka A Icyegeranyo Bya.,, Cyangwa, Kuva: "" ku i "" Bya.

Urukiko rw’Ikirenga

Ibyabaye mu Buryo bwa Mbere: Gusobanura imbibi z’intambwe

Reynolds na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (1878)

Mu mwaka wa 1878, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwahamagariwe kubanza gusobanura urugero rw’urugero rw’Imyifatire ya Gisimu ya Gitekabose mu mpande enye z’Amerika, mu birebana n’ibirego by’impimbano, bifitanye isano n’ibirego by’uburetwa bw’abantu bigenga amategeko ya leta. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwashyigikiye ko Reynolds yahamijwe ko yaha igihagararo cy’ubutware, igambiriye ko kubikora mu buryo bunyuranye n’ubw’amategeko, ari na ko byari kurinda abantu mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, hakubiyemo n’ibitambo bikabije, nk’ibitambo by’abantu.

Urwo Rukiko rwaravuze ruti “amategeko ashyirwaho agamije gushyigikira ubutegetsi bw’ibibi, kandi n’ubwo adashobora kubuzanya imyizerere n’ibitekerezo by’idini gusa, ashobora kuba afitanye n’ibikorwa. ”

Imbuga y’Uburezi (1947)

Icyo kibazo cyaranzwe bwa mbere n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwashyize itegeko rya Claus agishinzwe mu butegetsi bwa leta. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwashyize urubanza mu mategeko ya New Jersey yashyuraga ababyeyi ku bihereranye n’amafaranga yo kwiyunguruza kugira ngo bohereze abana babo ku ishuri, hakubiyemo n’amashuri y'imyitozo.

Urukiko rwa Warren mu Gihe cyarwo: Indi Miringo Igenda Irushaho Kugira Icyo Ikora

Vitaire (1962)

Abategetsi ba leta bashobora kudashyiraho isengesho rya leta, maze bakabasaba ko risubirwaho mu mashuri ya leta, nubwo iryo sengesho ritarimo aho rishingiye, ndetse n’iyo abanyeshuri bashobora gukomeza guceceka cyangwa kwiregura. Mu mwaka wa 1962, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Leta rwavuze ko itegeko ry’ikigo cy'ishuri ryo gusenga buri munsi rinyuranyije n’amagambo yashyizweho, nubwo iryo sengesho ritari rishingiye ku idini ryashyizweho, kandi abigishwa ntibahatiwe kugira ngo bifatanye. Uwo mwanzuro watonze kuganywa cyane n’abanyapolitiki hamwe n’abayobozi b’amadini, kandi wagiye utuma bagerageza kuvuguruza amateka.

Schempp (1963)

Nta mategeko ya leta cyangwa urwego rw’abanyeshuri rushobora gusaba ko imirongo yo muri Bibiliya isomwa, cyangwa ngo Isengesho ry’Umwami risubirwe mu mashuri ya leta, n’ubwo abanyeshuri baba babujijwe kujya mu mashuri cyangwa kugira uruhare mu byo ababyeyi babo basabye.

Uwanditse ukurikije uko umuhanga witwa Verner (1963) yabivuze.

, i i Bya Leta Kuri Kwanga Ubushomeri Kuri A Bya i - & Umunsi, Inyuma Bya A Nyuma A Akazi & Umunsi A Akazi Icyumweru, Bya ngombwa Kuri Akazi ku i Bya i. ya: i "Kugoboka Bya iyi Kuri Kuri A Bya i By' ibanze Bya Idini."

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Muri icyo kibazo, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwavuze ko ababyeyi b’Abamishi batashoboraga guhatirwa kohereza abana babo mu mashuri ya leta barenze mu mwaka wa munani, kubera ko ibyo byari kuba binyuranyije n’imyizerere yabo y’idini ku bihereranye n’amashuri n’akarere. Urukiko rwasanze ko kuba leta ishishikazwa n’inyigisho z’agahato, bitarutaga uburenganzira bw’ibanze ababyeyi bafite bwo kuyobora abana babo mu by’idini.

Kurtzman (1971)

Urukiko rwashyizeho isuzuma rya ibice bitatu ryavugaga ko gupima amaresitora ya Claus azayobora inkiko mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Urukiko rwatumye hashyirwaho porogaramu z'amafaranga yakoreshwaga mu mashuri y'idini agamije kwigisha inyigisho z’isi.

Ihuriro: Ihuriro ry'Umushinga (1990)

Urubanza rwagaragaje ko icyo gihe ibintu byagiye bihinduka mu buryo bwihuse. Urukiko rwavuze ko amategeko agenga ibikorwa bya rusange, adaca ku mategeko ya kidini ya Francère Noel, ndetse n'iyo babaga batangiye kwikorera ibikorwa by’idini. Urubanza rwibanda ku bagabo babiri b’Abanyamerika birukanywe mu kazi kandi banze kuboneraho inyungu z'ubushoro nyuma yo gukoresha ipeti nk'umuhango w'idini. Icyemezo cy'Urukiko rwafashe cyagabanyije urwego rw'uburinzi bw'ibikorwa bya kidini munsi ya Claus Claus de léous, bikaba byaratumye hasohoka i RFRA.

Kiliziya ya Lukumi Babalu Aye na Hialeah (1993)

Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwavuze ko ibibazo by'inyurabwenge bishingiye ku idini, nta bwo birangirana n'umwandiko w'amategeko arebana n'ikibazo. Ukutagira aho umuntu ahengamiye ntibyanze muri ibyo bibazo, kubera ko muri ibyo bibazo, nta bwo ari ngombwa ko wiyemeza gutangira kwigomwa na Claus. Urubanza rwavuze ko umujyi wabuzanyaga gutanga igitambo cy’amatungo cyakozwe na kiliziya nshya, uteshushanya Ivugurura rya Mbere.

Imibereho ya vuba aha: Ikinyejana cya 21

,. (2014).

Irego ry'Ubwigenge (RFRA) ryemerera umuteguro ushinzwe inyungu z’umutungo w’akazi guhakana abakozi bawo ko bakwishyura imiti yo kurinda ingimbi, iyo mpuzabitsina zifite uburenganzira bwifashishwa na Leta, ishingiye ku myanzuro y'idini ya ba nyir’umuryango. Muri rusange, kurinda uburenganzira bwa kiremere bw’ikigo gifite uburenganzira bwa kibyeyi, burinda umudendezo w’idini w’abaturage kandi bubategeka.

Ubutatu bw’Abaluteriyani, Espinoza na Carson: Ishuri Ritanga Ubutunzi

Imyanzuro itatu y'ingenzi yafashe yafashe: Ubutatu Idini ry'Abaluteriyani ry'i Columbia, Inc. (207), Espinoza na Ishami ry'Umuyoboro (2020), na Carson (220). Imyandiko yagiye irushaho kwagura ihame ry'uko imiteguro y’amadini idashobora gucibwa muri rusange, ibonerwaho porogaramu ziturutse gusa ku rwego rw’idini ryayo cyangwa ikoreshwa.

Urukiko rw'Ikirenga mu muvugiko wa Carson. Makin yafashe umwanzuro w'uko porogaramu y'inyungu ya Maine, idashobora gusimbura ababyeyi bohereza abana babo mu mashuri y'idini.

Ihuriro ry’Amashuri ya Bremento (2022)

Impamyabumenyi y'isengesho mu mashuri yatangiye kujya itangira mu rubanza rwa Kennedy na Bremento. (22). Mu cyemezo cya 5-4, urukiko rwashyigikiye uburenganzira bw'umuyobozi w'umupira w'amaguru w'abasomyi wa leta, bugenga uburenganzira bw'umupira w'amaguru wa mbere w'abanyeshuri, bukoreshwa mu gusenga mu gihe na nyuma y'imikino. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwemeje ko isengesho ry'umuyobozi ryabaga rigizwe n'ibangabangabanga ryingirwa, na ko iresimu ry'iryo shuri ryarenze uburenganzira bwa mbere na ku burenganzira bwaryo bw'idini.

Gucaho umurongo

Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika mu cyemezo cyagabanyijwe 5 - 4 ku 25 Nov. 2020, rwatangiriye icyemezo cya New York cy'ubunini bw'amateraniro y'idini, nubwo Leta yashishikazwaga cyane n'ubuzima bwa rubanda, amategeko yakorewe ku mutima w'umudendezo w'idini. Urukiko rw'i Roma Gatolika yaturutse i Brooklyn ku v. Cuomo, rwagaragaje ubushake bw'Uruko rwo gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko arebana n'amateraniro y'idini mu buryo butandukanye n'ibikorwa byo hanze.

Mahmoud na Taylor (2025)

A 6 - 3 Icyemezo cyavuye mu i, i Kuri A Itangarubanza, Na: i Kuri -, Birenzeho By' ingirakamaro i Bya i Ku Itangwa, na "ya: Abantu...

Urukiko rwashoje ko igikorwa cya leta kibuzanya cyane iterambere ry’umwana mu by’idini cyangwa kigatuma haba “akaga gakomeye ko guteza akaga kugarije ”. Imyizerere y’idini umubyeyi yifuza gucengezamo umwana we, yagombye gusuzumwa munsi y’amahame arushaho gukurikizwa, n’imyifatire y’amategeko y’ibanze, n’ubundi buryo, ku buryo nta ho ihuriye n’uko icyo gikorwa kibogamira ku byerekeye kandi muri rusange, kigomba kuba cyemewe.

Bya

Idini mu Mashuri Yagenewe Abantu Bose

Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwakomeje cyane mu gihe rwagiraga ngo amashuri ashobora kuba adasoma Bibiliya buri munsi, cyangwa ngo habe igihe cyo guceceka, cyangwa ngo ajye asenga mu gihe cy’amashuri arangiza amashuri, cyangwa se ngo ajye atangira amashuri yisumbuye, cyangwa se ngo abanyeshuri basenge mu mukino w’umupira w’amaguru, kandi agatangira gusenga mu ishuri ryisumbuye.

Icyakora, urwo Rukiko rwaje no kubona ko atari ko amadini yose abuzanywa.

Ubutegetsi Butanga Amafaranga n’Imishinga y’Amadini

i Kuva: Amashuri y'ibijyanye n'impamyabumenyi, OYA Guhagarara ku Ifashayobora amashuri y'idini na za kaminuza. ku.

Iryo tsinda riherutse kuba rifite impagarara zikomeye cyane ku bihereranye n'ivugurura ryibanda ku mashuri arebana n'impamyabumenyi.

Imyifatire y’idini igaragara mu bantu

Isobeka ry'inzego y'idini ryibanda ku mutungo wa leta ryabaye ikibazo cyagiye gisubirwamo. I mpande ebyiri na., i leta ya Allegheny ACLU, yashyizeho ibirangabihe bibiri mu gihe cya Noheli. Ikindi cyari icyerekanwa inyuma cy'ibirangano by'igiti cya Noheli, imyanya (itsinda ryiyita Chanukah) na paji y'ikimenyetso cyo kurango mu gihe cy'iminsi mikuru. Bemeragatizo y'iminsi (crèche) kubera ko bisa n'aho byagombaga kubonwa nk'ibiranga Ubukristo. Ikindi gifite ibimenyetso, bikubiyemo ibishushanyo by'amadini abiri n'ubwikunde, byabonwagaruzo bihuje no kwemera umunsi mukuru w’idini n'imico kama.

Umudendezo wo mu Bihereranye n’Idini mu Nbohero

Abantu bakomeye bafite uburenganzira runaka bwo kwishingikiriza ku myitwarire y’idini, n’ubwo ubwo burenganzira bushobora kuba bufite aho bugarukira bitewe n’inshingano zemewe n'amategeko zigenga iby’imyifatire y’abantu mu rwego rw’idini.

Umurimo n’amazu y’idini

Ihuriro ry'amategeko y'akazi n'umudendezo mu by’idini ryatumye havuka imanza nyinshi z'ingenzi. Abakoresha bagomba kwita ku bikorwa by’idini by’abakozi, keretse baramutse babikoze, byabateza ibibazo bitari ngombwa. Ubwigenge bw’imirimo, bwemewe n'Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, butuma inkiko zibuza impaka ku myanzuro zirebana n’akazi hamwe n’abandi bayobozi b’amadini.

Iresimu y'Amadini yigenga yashinjaga abayobozi bayo, ivuga ko batsemba ku mategeko agenga ivangura ry’akazi.

Ibibazo n’Imibare by’Imibare y’Ibihe Bishya

Uburenganzira bw’Ikirenga bw’Icyongereza

Kimwe mu bihugu bishyamirana cyane mu birebana n’umudendezo wo mu rwego rw’idini muri iki gihe, ni ubushyamirane hagati y’amategeko agenga uburenganzira bwo kwigenga n’amategeko agenga abantu mu rwego rw’idini, arebana n’icyiciro cy’abaguzi b’ishyingiranwa, inzego zishinzwe kurera abana n’abandi bantu, byagiye bibaza ibibazo bikomeye ku bihereranye n’ukuntu bashyira mu gaciro ibyo bintu bishyamiranya.

Umwanzuro wafashwe na Urukiko rw'Ikigo cyakurikiyeho, wagaragaje impamo hagati y'amadini arwanya ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe cyangwa inyungu, na amahame arwanya amacakubiri. Inkiko zikomeza kurwana n'uko zikemura izo nkuta mu buryo bwiyubashye umudendezo w'idini n'amahame arebana n’uburinganire.

Amashuri y’Amadini

i Leta Bigenga Leta i Leta na na i Konsitantino ya Oklahoma Ryari: Byemewe A Na: i. Bya. Kuri gutangiza A Leta -,, Bishinzwe,... S Isidore Gutunganya i Ishuri ry'amategeko Nka. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Oriya Rw'ubwihisho: Na:.

Uburenganzira bw’ababyeyi n’Imishinga y’Ishuri

Kuri Igenzura ku Ibigize Na: Imyifatire.. A in iyi Umwanya, Uburenganzira bw' ababyeyi Kuri i Bya i abana babo ATARIIGIHARWE in Igenamiterere.

Bacirwa Ishyaka Iryo Gutanga Imisoro mu Bihereranye n’Idini

Bigyanye ya: Imbogamizi ya: Imisoro y'idini Gukomeza Kuri. ku & Indunduro ni ku Bya A A Biruta A Kwanga Bya Kuva: i Igikorwa. Leta Ububiko (Bya i) OYA "ya: Impamvu" Nka Bya ngombwa ya: i Ikirango i Leta, na, "Ubufasha na".

Uko Umudendezo wo mu Buryo bw’Idini Usobanurwa

Insobanuro isobanutse ku birebana n'umudendezo wo mu rwego rw'idini yatanzwe n’Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, ivugurura ku bihereranye n'uburenganzira bwa buri muntu na inyungu za leta. Uburyo Urukiko rwafashe ku bihereranye n'imanza z'idini, bwagiye burushaho guhinduka mu buryo bwihariye mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, uhereye ku gutandukanya ibintu mu buryo budasubirwaho byabayeho hagati y'ikinyejana cya 20 kugeza ku indi buryo bwo guharanira ubwikunde mu myaka ya vuba aha.

Abenshi mu rukiko rwa Roberts, basa n'aho bashishikarira cyane kutagira icyo bageraho mu manza z’idini, cyane cyane iz'ibyatanzwe mu ngingo zigenga imyitozo yo kwitoza kwinonora imitsi.

Ibigo by’ingirakamaro Abanyamerika

Uburenganzira bwa buri muntu ku giti cye

Munsi y’amagambo nta kiguzi, abantu ba kidini bafite uburenganzira bwo gukurikira ukwizera kwabo birukanira mu mwanya wa rubanda cyangwa bagashyigikira amategeko ahuje n’amahame yabo.

Imvugo Isobanura Idini

Hari igihe abakinnyi b’inkiko batanga ibisobanuro mu buryo bwagutse ku birebana n’iryo jambo, kandi n’iyo baba badahuje n’inyigisho z’idini, usanga barinda imyizerere y’idini runaka.

Mu mwaka wa 1965, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatumye igitekerezo cy’idini cyaguzwe mu gihe cy’Ivugurura rya Mbere, cyarebanaga n’urubanza rwakozwe n’umuntu wanze kujya mu gisirikare bitewe n’umutimanama we, utemera ko hariho Umuyobozi w’Ikiremwa cy’Ikirenga cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, kireka gusaba ko umuntu wemera ko imyizerere ye isabwa kugira ngo ashobore kurinda umudendezo wo mu by’idini.

Imipaka ku Bihereranye n’Umugenzo w’Idini

Mu gihe imyizerere y’idini irinzwe mu buryo bwuzuye, imyifatire y'idini ishobora kuba igengwa n'amategeko ashyize mu gaciro. Urukiko rwagiye rwiyongera Reynolds in i 1890clements v. Beason: "Nubwo idini rishobora kuba rifite uburenganzira, rigomba kuba ryo munsi y'amategeko y'ubugizi bwa nabi bw'igihugu, rigahabwa ibisobanuro ku bikorwa bifatwa na Rusange nk'ibigengwa nyi by'amategeko."

Ubutegetsi bushobora kuyobora imyifatire y’idini mu gihe bushishikajwe n’imyifatire ishishikajwe cyane kandi bugakoresha uburyo buciriritse buboneka, cyane cyane mu gihe amategeko yita ku bikorwa by’idini mu buryo bwihariye.

Imbere

Imyanzuro y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa vuba aha igaragaza ko ibikorwa by’idini birangwa n’ububata bw’idini, ndetse ko ubutegetsi butemera idini, ndetse n’aho budashobora kubyihanganira.

Ibibazo by’ingenzi bikomeza kuba bidakemuwe, hakubiyemo n’ukuntu intambwe zishyira mu gaciro ku birebana n’umudendezo wo mu rwego rw’idini hamwe n’ubundi burenganzira bushingiye ku mategeko agenga buri gihe, urugero imiryango y’idini ishobora kuvanamo abantu ku mateka muri rusange, n’uruhare rukwiriye idini rifite mu mibereho ya rubanda. Uko umuryango w’Abanyamerika ugenda urushaho kuba utandukanye mu myizerere n’ibikorwa byayo by’idini, ni na ko inkiko zizakomeza kunonosora iretswa ry’idini rya Clausss mu mimerere mishya.

Inzego ya mbere y'Umurinzi wa Mbere w’Umudendezo w’idini, ni yo nkizingira umudendezo wa Amerika.

Birenzeho Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye i na, i [[: 0% S] [[: 1] Kuva: i Bya Cyangwa i [[: 2.], Ibikorana ku na Porogaramu in Isomero.