Sumo

Matare igadziriro dzebasa remitemo muhurumende dzinotonga dzazvino uno. Nepo nharo dzapauriri namavhoti okupedzisira zvichibata ngwariro yavose, chinhu chaichoicho chokugadzira mitemo chinoitika mumapoka maduku, akarovedzeka anozivikanwa sematare. aya masangano ane mutoro wokunzvera mutemo unokarakadzwa muudzame, chipupuriro chenyanzvi, uye kuita rumbidzo dzokutanga dzokutsoropodza idzo kazhinji kazhinji dzinosarudza jambwa romutemo. Pasina matare, ukuru hwenhau dzakaoma dzakatarisana neboka ripi neripi remitemo, kuchiguma nemitemo kana kuti dare rakarongwa zvisina kugadzirwa zvakanaka. Kunzwisisa chirongwa, masimba, uye basa redare remitemo yavose zvinokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi ari kutsvaka kunzwisisa kuti muitiro wehurumende wakaumbwa sei.

Matare Chii?

Matare mapoka echirongwa chedare rinotonga, anoumbwa zvikurukuru nemitezo yomukamuri rimwe (zvakadai seImba kana kuti Dare) kana kuti, muchinoitika chamatare akabatana, kubva mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Chinangwa chawo chikuru ndechokugona munharaunda yakati yetsika(ambrigary, appriary, judicary, simba, kana kuti ukama hwokumwe) hunobvumira mitezo kuti ive nounyanzvi hwakadzama. Iyi dare chairo rinoita kuti rigone kunzvera zvakakwana zvikwereti, kutarisira masangano ebazu makurukota, uye kunzvera nhau dzevoruzhinji. Gamende yezvino uno yakavamba muU.S. Garo yavamiririary muzana ramakore rechi 19 uye chifo chakagamuchirwa navagari vemitemo munyika yose nemhaka yokushanda kwayo nokuziva.

Matare anobatira somutsetse wokutanga wokunzvera nokuda kwemitemo inokarakadzwa. Apo dare rinosumwa, rinonongedzerwa kudare rine chiremera pamusoro penhau yaro. Ipapo dare rinosarudza nzira yokubata nayo chikwereti: chingava nenzwiro, fundo dzebasa, kukarakadza kugadziridzwa, kana kuti kungorega chikwereti chacho chichifa kupfurikidza nokuita chiito. Iri simba rokuchengeta masuo ndirimwe ramativi anopesvedzera zvikurusa ebasa redare.

Matare Akasiyana - siyana

MaLegislature anogadza marudzi anoverengeka okutarisira zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana - siyana haasi matare ose anosikwa akaenzana.

Matare Akamira

Aya matare echigarire akagadzwa nemitemo miduku. Anobva paDare rimwe kusvikira kune rinotevera uye ane udzori hwakatemwa panzvimbo yemiitiro. Mienzaniso muDare reU.Imienzaniso inobatanidza Dare reIndao paNzira uye Mitoo, Dare reMari reDare reMari, uye Dare reImba reNzidzo nerokutengeserana. Dare raMabasa reSvidi ndiro mabhiri emitemo: anoita mitero mizhinjisando uye mufambiro wenguva dzose wamasangano ehurumende.

Mibatanidzwa Yapamusoro

Matare makuru akamira kazhinji kazhinji anogadzira zvibvumirano zviduku zvokubata mativi matete esimba rawo. Somuenzaniso, Dare Rokuongorora Rokushandira reImba rine zvikamu zviduku zvedziviriro, zvokurima, zvokufambisa, uye dzimwe nharaunda. Masangano apasi anobvumira kunyange kupiwa nzvimbo huru zvikuru uye anogona kuchengeta kutongwa, kunyora zvikwereti, uye kushuma rumbidzo dzawo kudare rakazara.

Sarudza Matare Kana Kuti Anokosha

Aya matare echinguvana akagadzirwa kuti anzvere nhau yakati kana kuti aite basa rakati kunze kwegadziriro yedare rinogara riripo. Anofawo kana aita basa rawo. Mienzaniso inocherechedzwa inobatanidza Dare Rinosarudza Dare pamusoro peUnion, iro chaizvoizvo idare rakasarudzwa zvechigarire, uye matare chaiwo akaumbwa kuti aongorore zvisarudzo kana kuti njodzi. Mumasangano eparamende, kazhinji kazhinji matare anosarudza ndeenguva dzose uye anoita mabasa anotarisira akafanana nematare akamira.

Matare Ehama

Matare akanyorwa kubva mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, anoisa pfungwa panhau dzinoda kushandira pamwe kwemabhinakeri, dzakadai semitero (Dare Rine Mitero) kana kuti Raibhurari yeCongress. Matare eMany ane chiremera chemitemo (apo havagoni kushuma mari dzemitemo) asi vanogona kuitisa zvidzidzo uye kurumbidza.

Matare Omusangano

Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvorudzi rwechigarire, matare emisangano anokosha nokuda kwokuyananisa misiyano pakati peshanduro dzeImba neDare remitemo. Apo kamuri rimwe nerimwe rinopfuudza shanduro yakasiana yomutemo mumwe chetewo, dare redare redare rinoumbwa nemitezo yedzimba dzose dziri mbiri kuti rikurukure kubvumirana. Mushumo wemusangano unovapo unofanira kutenderwa nemakamuri ose ari maviri pamutemo usati waenda kuna purezidhendi. Uyu muitiro ndiwo umo mamiriro okupedzisira emitemo mikuru anowanzosarudzwa.

Gadziriro Yomutemo Nematare

Pashure pokutanga, mukuru mukuru anotungamirira anonongedzera mutongo wacho kudare rakamira rakakodzera rakavakirwa panhau ine chokuita nemitemo. Dare ipapo rinosarudza kana kuzoita chiito.

Dare Rinotonga

Mitongo inoitwa navose umo matare anounganidza mashoko. Zvapupu zvingabatanidzawo vanyori vedare, vakuru vakuru vesangano, nyanzvi dzedzidzo, vamiririri vemaindasitiri, uye vagari vemo vakatapurwa. Vanzwi vanoshanda zvinangwa zvakawanda: vanodzidzisa mitezo pamusoro pemifungo yetsika, vanoparira chinyorwa chavose, uye vanobvumira vachengeti vemitongo kupa zvibvumikiso zvavo. Matare anogonawo kushandisa zvikamu zviduku kuti vatsigire uchapupu kana kuti kubudiswa kwezvinyorwa, simba rinoita kuti kunzwa chishandiso chokutarisira chinotyisa. Nokuda kwechibvumirano chokufambira mberi, kunzwa kazhinji kazhinji zvinyorwa zvinokosha zvichakurukurwa muchikamu chokukwidza.

Kushongedzwa

Mukati merusando rwokutora, mitezo yedare inonzvera mutsetse wezvikwereti nomutsetse uye vhoti pamitemo. Ipapo ndipo apo chinjo hurusa kumutemo dzinoitika. Mitezo ingapa kugadziriswa kuti iwedzere, ibvise, kana kuti gadziridzo. Chigaro chedare chinowanzotarisira nhevedzano yevhoti, uye zvinoiswa neveruzhinji pakutanga zvinowanzokurira, kunyange zvazvo zvibvumirano zvebipartis zvakarovedzeka pazvikwereti zvishoma zvokukakavara. Pamhedziso yezvikwereti, dare rinovhota pakuti richashuma mutenzi kudare rakazara. Vhoti yakanaka inotumira chibvumirano chacho kuuriri nomushumo wedare rinotsanangura chinjo nezvinodzo.

Kushuma Nokurangarira

Kana mutengo wangoshumwa bedzi, unoiswa pakarenda yemitemo. Mitemo Komiti muImba kazhinji kazhinji inosarudza migariro yekurukurirano youriri hwakadai seganhuriro dzenguva uye idzoresoi dzinobvumirwa (8a muitiro unopa iyi pesvedzero huru. MuDare, mabhiri anowanzosvika pauriri kupfurikidza nebvumirano yebvumirano yebvumirano kana kuti, kana kuri madikanwa, chiito chokupfuurira. Matare anogonawo kubuda pauriri chose chose kana mutezo wakaumbwa se “mutemwaramwaro wakavanzika” kana kuti kana ukaitwa muvhoti yemitemo (achavhota matatu).

Simba Remakomiti Nepesvedzero

Matare haasati achingovawo zvawo mapoka anonyengera; ane masimba makuru esangano anoumba miuyo yemitemo.

Kuchengeta masuo

Simba rokusarudza kuti zvikweretii zvinogamuchira mutezo kana kuti kubhadharwa zvichida ndicho chinokosha zvikurusa. Kupfurikidza nokungoramba bedzi kuronga chiito, chigaro chedare chinogona kuuraya mutengi pasina vhoti ipi neipi yakanyorwa. Iri basa rokuchengeta suo rinoita matare mutsipa webutiro regadziriro yemitemo, uye ndicho chikonzero nei mapoka efariro achiisa mari yakawanda zvikuru mumitezo yedare inonyandura, zvikurukuru chigaro nomutezo wapamusoro.

Kufamba Nengarava Nokutarisira

Matare anogona kubudisa zvikamu zviduku kuti amanikidze magwaro nechipupuriro. Iri simba rinoshandiswa nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri kuwana maidi emitemo uye kunzvera kusazvibata kwebazu ravakuru vakuru. Kukwanisa kuisa dare rakakwirira kugona kusunda mirangariro yavose nechinjo dzesimba kunyange pasina mutemo mutsva. Somuenzaniso, dare rinonzvera chinetso chemari cha2008 rakazivisa zvakananga kurongwa kweDodd-Frank Act.

Kugadziridzwa uye Chiremera Chokuratidzira

Pavanotambira mari, matare ane rusununguko rwakafara rwokunyorazve mabhiri. Mutemo unopinda mukufudza ungava usina kufanana neshanduro inobuda. Zvigaro zvakasimba zvinogona kufambisa mumutauro wazvo wazvinoda, nepo mitezo miduku inogona kupa gadziridzo kusimbisa nhau kana kuti kumanikidza vhoti dzakaoma mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Dare rinovapo rinowanzova nheyo yekurukurirano youriri.

Kubatsira Kunoita Mari

Matare ane simba pamusoro pezvirongwa uye kudzora mitero.Matare eSamende neDare rokuongorora Hurumende anosarudza kuti purogiramu imwe neimwe yehurumende inowana marii.

Chimiro Chedare Noutungamiriri

Kurongwa kwematare kwomukati kunoratidza simba rekamuri guru.

Chisarudzo Nenhengo Inofefetera

Chigaro chedare chinowanzova mutezo mukuru webato revoruzhinji. Huru dzinodzora zvirongwa zvokunzwa, dzinosarudza rudungwe rwokunzwa, dzinoripira vashandi, uye dzinotarisira vanobhadharwa. Vanogona kusarudza kufambisira mberi kana kuti kuuraya mabhiri sezvavanoona kuti akakodzera, adzorwa nepesvedzero yebato. Mutezo mukuru ndiwo mutezo mukurusa webato uye unoshanda somushori mukuru kana kuti murwiri weboka. Pamwe chete, izvi zviviri kazhinji kazhinji zvinosarudza kana dare richishanda munzira yebipartis kana kuti yepartishani.

Staff weDare

Vashandi vemaoresa vanotsigira basa rematare, kutsvakurudza, kuronga mitemo, kugadzirira mibvunzo yokunzwa, uye kutungamirira zvirongwa. Vashandi vakawanda vanoshanda pachigaro, vashandi vashoma venhengo yedare. Vanogona kukanganisa zvikuru kubudirira kwedare uye kuoma kwezvikwereti zvaro.

Nhamba Dzemapoka

Chikamu chevoruzhinji kumitezo miduku padare rimwe nerimwe chakagadzwa navatungamiriri vebato pamavambo eDare idzva. Vatungamiriri vazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanoita mugove mukuru, asi reshiyo yacho inowanzowirirana neboka rose redare. Ikoku kunovimbisa kuti mavhoti anowanzoratidzira kuda kworuzhinji, kunyange zvazvo vashomanene vachichengeta chikuva kuti chipesvedze.

Kukosha Kwakanaka Kwematare

Kupfuura mabasa azvo, matare anoshanda mabasa anokosha emapato ezvematongerwe enyika uye enhengo imwe neimwe.

Kugadzirira Agenda

Matare ndiwo nhandare huru umo nhevedzano dzemitemo dzinoumbwa. Kupfurikidza nokusarudza nhau dzokunzvera uye zvikwereti zvokuisa pakutanga, matare anoratidza kurutivi rwasara rwekamuri uye vanhu zvinhu. Vatungamiriri veboka vanowanzotsamira pazvigaro zvedare kuti vafambisire mberi zvinhu zvinokosha zvebato guru remitemo.

Kuvaka Kwakanaka

Mitezo inoshanda mudare kwamakore akawanda inova nyanzvi dzinopa mifungo. Iyi unyanzvi inopa pesvedzero yakatanhamara apo zvikwereti zvedare ravo zvinosvika pauriri, sezvo mimwe mitezo inoregeredza rutongeso rwavo. Inovabetserawo kukwezva mipiro yenhimbe inobva kumapoka ezvirongwa zvefariro anoshingaira munharaunda iyoyo.

Kufambira Mberi Kwebasa

Zvigaro zvematare anenge agara pasi zvinowanzova zvigaro zvevanhu vane simba zvikuru mudare repamutemo, uye nzvimbo dzazvo dzinogona kushanda semabhedhi okutangira kunzvimbo dzakakwirira, dzakadai somutungamiriri webato kana kuti mukurukuri.

Kuongorora Zvinetso Zvesimba reDare

Chirango Chekutarisira Chinotapurika (2010)

Nhamba yaACA muenzaniso webhuku unoshandiswa wemagadzirire emitemo yetsika. Mutemo wacho wakaitwa muDare reMari reDare reMari reDare reMari neHouse Energy and Committee, pakati pedzimwe. Kunzwa kukuru nokubhadharwa zvakabudisa mazana ezvitsigiso. Imwe nguva inokosha yakaitika muDare reMari reMari, umo Cairman Max Baucus akapedza mwedzi yakawanda achikurukura neboka remitezo yeBhartishanish, inozivikanwa se “Gang of Six,” kudzivirira kubvumirana nechinhu chakazova musimbo wemitemo pakupedzisira. Gang yakabvumira kurangarira kwakakwana magadzirirwe ezvero ezvemari, mari, mari, mari yezvokubudisa dare raikwanisa kupedza bhizimisi raibatsira zvikuru mune zvematongerwe enyika. Pasi pebasa, ACA angadai akakundikana kuwana mari yakawanda.

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform (2010)

Mumhinduro kunjodzi yemari ya2008, matare mudzimba dzose mbiri akatanga kuongorora. Dare reSamende reSa olonjanja dzose paPuncigations rakaita manzwi akafukidzwa zvikuru aifukidzwa aifumura mufambiro usina kururama nemabhangi makuru. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvakazivisa zvakananga gadziriro dzeDodd-Frank Act, dzakadai seVolcker Relance uye kudzivirira kwevatengi. Dare reSalwo reMalimende, pasi peyainzi Barney Frank, raitarisira kunzwa kwaro nero, richibudisa gwaro rakanyanya kukanganisa mutemo wemari. Dare raigona kushevedzera vakuru vakuru vehurumende uye kukumbira magwaro aidiwa zvakanga zvichikosha mukugadzira nyaya yokuchinja.

Mutemo Wa 1964 Wekodzero Dzevanhu

Uyu mutemo wakatanhamara wakatarisana nechishoro chakakomba kubva kuDemocrates yokumaodzanyemba. Mutemo wakatanga kurangarirwa neDare reHouse Judicary, iro rakawedzera gadziriro huru paItut VII pakusarura mabasa. Pashure pokupfuura Imba, yakatamira kuDare, uko Dare reChengete raiihwirudzura. Gadziriro yakabvumira nokuda kwokuwedzera kwokungwarira kwemutezo webhukwana ndokubetsera kuvaka tsigiro yebipartis. Chikamu chinopedzisira sarudza murwi wePriciebuster(kuwedzera kutsaramendiro) chakaitwa kuti chibvire nenheyo yakarongwa mudare.

Matare Mumurangariro Wokuenzanisa

Gadziriro yedare muDare reU.S. yakasimba zvikuru ichienzaniswa nemiitiro mizhinji yeparamende. MuBritish House of Commons, somuenzaniso, matare anosarudza chaiwo aripo zvikurukuru nokuda kwoutariri uye haana simba rokudzivisa mutemo. Chiremera chinotsamira paboka guru mugadziriro yeshati. Mukupesana, matare eU.S. ane masimba okuchengeta masuo akasimba anogona kuuraya kunyange zvikwereti mukurwisana nezvido zvoutungamiriri hwebato. Ikoku kunoita kuti gadziriro yeU.S. ive inova inokudzwa zvikuru uye inozarukira kupesvedzero dzinobvira dzakawanda idzo dzinogona kudzivisa chiito chemitemo.

Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seGermany, dzinoshandisa gadziriro yakavhengana umo mitezo yedare inosanowirirana zvikuru namapoka ebato. Matare eBundestag ane pesvedzero yakati asi anoshanda muchirango chebato chakasimba. Kunzwisisa iyi misiano yemisiyano kunobetsera kutsanangura chikonzero nei kuwanda kwemitemo kuchisiyana - siyana muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu.

mhedziso

Matare haasati ari madzoro amashoko akarongwa pashure pokurangarira kwa($8) ndiwo musimboti wokurangarira kwomutemo. Kupfurikidza nokuisa, kubata nzeve, kurumbidza, uye kushandisa masimba okutarisira, matare anobvisa zvitsama zvikuru zvamashoko mumutemo unoita basa. Pesvedzero yawo inovambira papurogiramu kusvikira kumativi okupedzisira, uye mativi awo omukati (wheadstershipt), vashandi vebato, revo yedavis . Nokuda kwavanogadzira mitemo, vatsigiri, uye vagari vemo, vanonzwisisa gadziriro yedare rinopa windo rakajeka mumaitirwo emitemo. Sezvo denho dzemitemo dzinokura kuva dzinooma zvikuru, basa ramatare richava bedzi guru kukudzora kunobudirira.