Table of Contents

National Rifle Association (NRA) inomira serimwe ramasangano anopesvedzera zvikurusa uye anomutsa nharo munhau yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica. Yakarongwa muna 1871 kufambisira mberi marking epfuti, NRA yazvino uno yazova sangano rakatanhamara rinopinza maruramiro epfuti apo inopfuurira kudzidzisa chengeteko yepfuti namakwikwi. Kunzwisisa shanduka , zvirongwa, uye pesvedzero pamuitiro wepfuti inodikanwa nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa nzvimbo yakaoma yemitemo yepfuti muUnited States.

Mavambo Nenhau Yapakuvamba yeNRA

Aodzwa mwoyo nokushaikwa kwemajekiseni kwakaratidzwa namauto avo, varwi veUnion vakararama kare William C. neGen. George Wingate vakaumba National Rifle Association muna 1871. Nharidzano huru yesonganiro yaizova ku "kushopera nokukurudzira kupfura pfuti pahwaro hwesayenzi," mukuwirirana nechinyorwa chemagazini chakanyorwa neChechi. Sangano rakabuda muzvinoitika zveHondo yeChizvarwa chavagari vemo, apo vatungamiriri vehondo vakaziva kuti varwi vazhinji veNorthern vakanga vasina unyanzvi hwezvombo.

Pashure pokupiwa gwaro remitemo nehurumende yeNew York pana November 17, 1871, NRA yakavambwa, uye Hondo yavagari vemo Gen. Ambrose Burside, uyo akanga ariwo aichimbova gavhuna weRhode Island uye mutarisiri weU.S., akava purezidhendi wokutanga weNRA. Sangano rakakurumidza kuzvigadza sesangano rakakomba rakatsaurirwa kuvandudza unyanzvi hwevatambi veAmerica.

Kutanga Zvikonzero Zvokurovedza Nemakwikwi

Muna 1872, nebetsero yemari inobva kuNew York State, nzvimbo paLong Island, Farm yeCreed Farm, yakatengwa nokuda kwedonzo rokuvaka mutsetse wepfuti, uye nzvimbo inotumidzwa kuti Creedmoor, nzvimbo yakatanga gore rimwe gare gare, uye kwakanga kuri ikoko apo makwikwi okutanga egore negore akaitwa. Ikoku kwakaratidzira mavambo egamuchidzanwa refu reNRA rokusimudzira mitambo yokupfura muAmerica.

Nhamburiko dzapakuvamba dzesangano dzakavamba panenge pakare pakarepo. Pana February 7, 1872, NRA yakaumba dare kuti ritenderedze mutemo nokuda kwefariro yesangano, uye nhamburiko yayo yokutanga kukurudzira yakanga iri kukumbira musangano weHurumende yeNew York nokuda kwe $25 000 kuti ritenge nzvimbo kuti ritange musiyano, uye mukati memwedzi mitatu, mutemo wakanga wapfuudzwa uye wakanga wasainwa mumutemo naGavhuna John T. Hoffman.

Kutungamirira Kwakatanhamara Mumakore Apakuvamba

NRA yakakwezva vatungamiriri vakatanhamara veAmerica mukati mamakumi amakore ayo okuumba. Aichimbova purezidhendi Ulysses S. Grant akabatira sapurezidhendi wechisere weNRA naGeneral Philip H. Sheridan sechipfumbamwe. Uku kutungamirira kwakatanhamara kwakabetsera kusimbisa kuvimbika kwesangano nepesvedzero munzanga yeAmerica.

United Congress yakaita National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice muna 1901 kubatanidza vamiriri vakabva kuNRA, National Guard, uye United States. Uku kuzivikanwa kwehurumende kwakaratidzira ukoshi hunokura hweNRA mukugadzirira rudzi uye kurovedza pfuti.

Kuchinjwa Kuva Simba Remasimba Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kwakawanda kwenhau yaro yapakuvamba, NRA yakaramba yakanangidzirwa zvikurukuru padzidzo yokuzvidzora, kuvhima, uye pfuti. Zvisinei, vara resangano rakavamba kuchinja zvikuru pakati pezana ramakore rechi20 sezvo gakava pamusoro pokudzora pfuti rakakura mune zvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica.

Kutanga Kubatanidzwa Nemitemo Yokudzora Pfuti

In 1934, the National Rifle Association created a Legislative Affairs Division and testified in front of Congress in support of the first substantial federal gun control legislation in the US, the National Firearms Act. This early stance contrasts sharply with the organization's later opposition to virtually all forms of gun regulation, illustrating how dramatically the NRA's political philosophy evolved over the decades.

Apo NRA yakavambwa muna 1871, haina kuronda purogiramu yekodzero dzepfuti kutozosvikira 1934. iyi nhambo yamakore makumi matanhatu namatatu yakanongedzera zvikurukuru pakurovedzwa kwourongwa hwesimba rokurwa nokupfura mitambo panzvimbo pokuva shasha yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mutambo Wama 1970: Nhungamiro Itsva

Ma 1970 akaratidzira mavambo esimbiso huru zvikuru pamatongerwe enyika eNRA, uye muna 1975, NRA yakatanga Institute for Legislative Action (ILA), iyo yakashora mutemo wairangarirwa kuva usina kunaka kuWederline Amendment. Ikoku kwakaratidzira chinjo huru mubasa resangano nokushanda.

NRA Institute for Legislative Action (NRA-ILA) iboka rayo rinonyandura, iro rinodzora dare raro rezviito zvamatongerwe enyika (PAC), Political Victory Fund (PVF). zvivako izvi zvakapa NRA simba resangano kuva simba guru mumasangano eAmerica akasarudzwa nehondo dzemitemo.

Pesvedzero Yezvamatongerwe Enyika neSimba Rinodzinga

Mukurumbira weNRA serimwe ramasangano ane simba zvikurusa eAmerica anokwevera vanhu mashoko. Nzvero yemagazini yeFortune yakataura kuti vagadziri vemitemo navashandi vavo vairangarira NRA sesangano rine simba zvikurusa rokupinda mumutsara wamakore matatu.

Mipiro Yemari Nemari Inoshandiswa Nenhimbe

NRA inodyira yezvamatongerwe enyika inobatanidza mapoka anoverengeka. Kana ukawedzera yose mipiro yewirirano nebato, ndyiko dzinozvimirira, uye kukumbira -- NRA yakapedza mamirioni $203,2 pamibato yezvamatongerwe enyika chifo cha 1998. Zvisinei, mipiro yakananga kuvadaviri inomirira chikamu chiduku bedzi cheiyi pesvedzero yose.

Ichipiwa simba nechisarudzo cheDare Gurusa muCitizens United, NRA yakashumwa kupedzera inenge mamirioni $54 pakushandisa mukuzvimirira mukati menhambo yesarudzo yehurumende ya2016. Iyi ndyiko yakazvimirira, iyo inowanzova rudzi rwezviziviso zvinotsigira kana kuti zvinoshora, inomirira mari yakawanda yenfrative yeNRA.

Muna 2016, NRA yakapedza kupfuura rimwe boka ripi neripi chairo remhindu, $30 000 000, kusanangura Donald Trump, uye NRA yakapedza mamwe mamiriyoni $20 kutsigira vaRepublican vanoda kutevedzerwa paDare. Ikoku kunoratidzira simba resangano rokuisa pfuma yakawanda muzvisarudzo zvakakwirira.

Kudyisa Kunopedza Nguva

Mari yeNRA yakananga yachinja mumakore. Muna 2013, NRA yakapedza mari iri pakusvikira vanhu $3,410 000 (Z $3,60 000), muna 2014, yakapedza $360 000. Zvisinei, nguva pfupi yapfuura, mari dzinodiwa nesangano racho dzaderera zvikuru pakati pezvinetso zvemari nemitemo.

Muna 2024, National Rifle Association (NRA) yakanga iine anenge mamiriyoni 1,48 emadhora eUnited States pakushandisa mari yokukwidza vanhu, uko kuri kuderera kubva mugore rapfuura, apo NRA yakapedza anenge mamiriyoni 2,31 emadhora okukosha. Pashure pemakore okupinganidzwa nemutemo, kurwisana kwomukati uye kuderera kwemari, National Rifle Association yakashuma kuti yakapedzera $540 000 (Z $56 000) mukushandisa mari mukati mechikamu chokutanga che2024 — chitsama chiduku chemari chayakashandiswa pakutanga kwegore ra2009.

Kupesvedzera Kwemisangano uye Mipiro

Muna 2012, 88% yeRepublicans uye 11% yeDemocrates muCongress vakanga vagamuchira mupiro weNRA PAC pane imwe nguva mubasa ravo, uye wemitezo yeCongress yakaungana muna 2013, 51% vakagamuchira mari kubva kuNRA PAC mumabasa avo ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye 47% vakagamuchira mari yeNRA mudzinza ravo remisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi. NRA inoenzanisira kuwanda kwenhamba yeNRA inoya kusvika panzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika, kunyange zvazvo kutsigira kwayo kwazova kwakanyanya kuiswa pakati pavagadziri vemitemo veRepublican Republic.

Pamwero wenyika, NRA yakagovera inenge mamirioni $17 kuhurumende navadaviri uye matare chifo cha 1990. Iri basa renzvimbo yehurumende rinokwanirisa nhamburiko dzesangano rehurumende uye rinobetsera kutsanangura pesvedzero yaro pamuitiro wepfuti mumwero yakasiana- siyana yehurumende.

Mazano Anokosha Nemazano

NRA inoshandisa nzira yakasiyana - siyana yokufambisira mberi zvinangwa zvayo zvemitemo uye kudzivirira zvainoreva sekodzero dzeSecond Amendment.

Makwara Anonyungudutsa

Dzvinyiriro yeNRA nebudiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika zvinopfuura kupedza kwayo nhimbe - yayo yakavaka basa rakaisvonaka rokuronga nechivako cheuswa, uye muna 2015 yakabhadhara anopfuura mamirioni $20 kumutengesi mumwe uyo anonangidzira pakuvaka mitezo yeNRA. Iyi midzi yevhu inogonesa sangano kuunganidza vatsigiri nokukurumidza apo hondo dzemitemo dzinotanga.

Sangano racho rinoti itsika huru. Pamwe chete nemitezo yedu inopfuura mamirioni mashanu, tiri vadziviriri vanodada vevatsigiri venhau namadziviriri anoshingaira eChipiri Amendment. Nepo nhamba dzemitezo dzakakakavadzana uye dzakachinja nokufamba kwenguva, mano eNRA okunyandura mitezo yayo anoramba ari manyuko makuru esimba rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Maitiro Okukwesha Nokuderedza Masero

NRA yakaramba ine gadziriro inovhiringidza vezvamatongerwe enyika yakavakirwa pazvimiro zvavo zvine chokuita nekodzero dzepfuti. Iyi gadziriro inodzorwa, inopa magiredhi etsamba kuvanoda kufunda vezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo dzavo panhau dzine chokuita nepfuti, inobatira sechishandiso chine simba chokupesvedzera vose vari vaviri sarudzo uye mufambiro wemitemo. Vezvamatongerwe enyika vanotsvaka kutenderwa NRA kazhinji kazhinji vanogadziridza nzvimbo dzavo kuti vawane mirauriro yakanaka.

Zvinetso Zvepamutemo Nokunyengedzwa

NRA yakabatanidzwa muzvinetso zvakawanda zvepamutemo zvokudzora pfuti, kazhinji kacho ichitsigira nyaya dzokuedza dzinosvika kuDare Repamusorosoro uye ichitanga mienzaniso yakanaka yekodzero dzepfuti.

Miitiro Yokuzvinyima Mitoro

  • Kupesvedzera zvakananga vaiti vemitemo yehurumende neyehurumende pamusoro pomutemo wepfuti
  • Kumanikidza nhengo kuti dzitaure nevamiririri uye kuti dziitewo sarudzo
  • Kushandisa mari yaishandiswa pakutsigira vanoda kupfura pfuti
  • Kurambidza kudzora pfuti kuoma mumatare
  • Kuitisa zvirongwa zvedzidzo yavose panhau dzeMwedziso Yechipiri
  • Kudzidzisa vanhu nezvombo uye kudzidzisa vanhu kuti vasabatwa nepfuti
  • Kuvaka mibatanidzwa nemamwe masangano anochengetedza uye anochengetedza
  • Kuchengeta zvinobudisa nhau zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye kushanda kwekurukurirano

Mitemo Yakakura Yokukunda Uye Kubudirira Kwemitemo

NRA yakabudirira kudzora mitemo yakawanda nezvisarudzo zvemitemo mumakumi emakore apfuura, zvichiumba kudzora kudzora pfuti muAmerica.

Dickey Amendment

Pashure pechinyorwa muna 1993 chenzvero yakatsigirwa nesangano reUnited States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kuratidza kuti kuva nepfuti kwakawedzera ngozi yokuuraya mumusha, NRA yakabudirira kuronga CDC kuti ive bhajeti yezvokunzvera masimba epfuti uye kushandisa mutemo, unozivikanwa seDickey amendement, uyo wakarambidza CDC kushandisa mari yokunzvera ku "adcate kana kuti kutsigira kudzora pfuti." Iyi nhevedzano inodzivisa nenzira inobudirira kubhadharwa kwehurumende nokuda kwokunzvera pfuti kwepfuti kwamakore akawanda, kuderedza zvikuru ufakazi hwesayenzi hunowanika kuva vaiti vemitemo.

Kudzivirirwa Kwechiito Chokutengeserana Chomutemo Muchiito Chezvombo

Mumakore ose aya, NRA yakatsvaka nenzira inobudirira mutemo wekodzero dzepfuti dzomunhu oga, kubatanidza Dickey Amendment, iyo inodzivisa kupiwa mari yehurumende nokuda kwokunzvera masimba masimba okudzivirira pfuti, uye Kudzivirirwa Kwezvokutengeserana Kwomutemo muChiratidzo cheMibato yeMiti, izvo zvinodzivirira vagadziri vezvombo pachengeto dzapamutemo dzamasimba masimba anoitwa nezvombo zvavo.

Mipimo Yokudzora Pfuti Yakaganhurirwa

Pakati pemibato inokosha zvikuru yeNRA yakavamba muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi20 pakanga pane kupesvedzera kwayo kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunobudirira zvikuru nokutsigira kunorwisana nechinodokuva chikarakadzo chipi nechipi chemitemo chokudzora pfuti, uye nguva dzose chakaratidzira matanho akadai sokuputsa kweSecond Amendment kuU.S. uye tyisidziro huru kurusununguko rwomunhu oga oga, kuchengeta chimiro ichocho kunyange mukutevera kupfura kukurusa kwenguva dzose munyika yose.

Purogiramu Yedzidzo Nechengeteko yeNRA

Pasinei zvapo noutanhamari hwayo hwezvamatongerwe enyika, NRA yakachengeta ngwariro yayo yapakuvamba padzidzo yepfuti nerovedzo yokudzivirira ngozi, kunyange zvazvo aya mapurogiramu zvino aripo pamwe chete nemibato yayo inonyandura.

Kudzidziswa Kwezvombo Zvomwoto Negwaro Rokunyora Mashoko

Nepo richizivikanwa zvikuru nhasi sesimba guru rezvamatongerwe enyika uye somudziviriri mukurusa weAmerica wekodzero dzeChipiri dzePendmenter, NRA, chibviro charo, yave iri sangano redzidzo rekare repfuti munyika. Sangano rinopfuurira kugovera gadziriro huru dzokurovedza vasiri varwi, vatsigiri vemitemo, uye vashandi vehondo.

Sangano rakapfuurirawo kusimudzira chengeteko yepfuti, uye mukupera kwama 1980, NRA yakatsigira chiverengero chakati chepurogiramu dzepfuti nokuda kwezvikoro zvepuraimari munyika yose, uye iyi gadziriro yakadzidzisa vana kusabata pfuti pasina kutungamirira. Eddie Eagle Guntefe Program inomirira imwe yenhano dzekotsekano dzeNRA dzakaparadzirwa zvikurusa dzakanangidzirwa kuvana vaduku.

Zvirongwa Zvepwere Nokupfura Kwomubatanidzwa

NRA yakaisa nguva refu mumapurogiramu epwere dzokupfura. NRA yakatapurira zera pwere dzeAmerica kubva pakutanga, uye pakasvika 1903 yakanga ichisimudzira mitambo yokupfura namakwikwi kupfurikidza nokutangwa kwamakirabhu epfuti pamakoreji ose makuru, mayunivhesiti, uye zvikoro zvehondo. purogiramu idzi dzinopfuurira nhasi, nezvikwata zveNRA zvinotsigira kupfura zviri kumusoro uye kupfura kwemapombi munyika yose.

Kupokanidzana, Kutsoropodza, uye Denho

Kupesvedzera kweNRA uye unyanzvi zvakaparira gakava guru nokutsoropodza kubva kumirayiridzo yakawanda, uye sangano rakasangana nezvinetso zvinokosha mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya.

Zvinofungwa Nevanhu Vose Nokutsoropodza

National Rifle Association yakatsoropodzwa namadare avapepeti vepepanhau, kudzorwa kwepfuti namaruramiro epfuti, mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika, vatsinhiri, uye vezvamatongerwe enyika, uye Democrates navanoregerera kazhinji kazhinji vanotsoropodza sangano. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti chishoro cheNRA kukudzora mipimo chinoparira masimba masimba epfuti uye chinodzivisa miraudzo yekotsekano yavose yezvombo.

Vatsoropodzi vekaresa veNRA vakarongwa vanobatanidza mapoka okudzora pfuti eBrady Camper, Chibvumirano chokumisa Gun Violence (CSGV), uye Rwiligili Policy Center (VPC), uye mapoka makumi maviri okutanga anobatanidza taundi rimwe nerimwe nokuda kweGun Safety (Aichimbova Meyars Against Brigit Guns), Amais Concective, uye Giffords. Masangano aya akashanda kupesana nepesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika yeNRA uye mutsigiri mukuru wemirairo yepfuti yezvo.

Kutadza Kushandisa Mari Nezvinetso Zvepamutemo

Muna February 2024, vatungamiriri veNRA vakawanikwa vane mhaka yetsika dzisina kunaka dzemari nouori nedare rinobetsera vatongi reManhattan. Ichi chisarudzo chakaratidzira denho inokosha kumukurumbira wesangano nokuvimbika. Muna 2018 Oliver North, aichimbova mukuru mukuru wemauto engarava yeMarine weUnited States uyo akanga ari mukuru mukuru mukuru weIran-Contra Affiir yema 1980, akatumidzwa kuti purezidhendi weNRA, uye akakurumidza kubatanidzwa murwisano yesimba namukuru mukuru mukuru weNRA LaPire sere aongorora mugariro wemitero wesangano reparameterssss pamhes renter perms of perropidensies.

Kuparara Kwenhengo uye Mari

Pasinei zvapo nedenho dzemari uye kuderera kwoutezo mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, NRA inopfuurira kupesvedzera murangariro wavose nehurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pamaruramiro epfuti.

Kushandisa kwesangano kwakaderera kubva pa $2,50 000 mu2020 kusvika ku $458 000 muna 2023 mhiri kwe 19 kunotaura kuti kubudisa mashoko ane revo pakushandiswa kwokukumbira. Uku kuderera kunoshamisa kunoratidzira kuganhurirwa kwemari kwesangano uye tapuro yezvinetso zvaro zvapamutemo.

Dzivisa Pakati Poutungamiriri Nemitezo

Zvigadziko zvemitemo yeNRA hazviwirirani nezvimwe zvezvisarudzo zvemiitiro yemitezo yazvo, uye nzvero dzinoratidza kuti inenge mitezo mitatu mu4 NRA inotsigira utsotsi hwepasi pose nokuda kwezvokutengesa pfuti zvose – muitiro uyo NRA yamasimba masimba inoshora. Uku kubudisa kunokarakadza kuti utungamiriri hwesangano hungaronda nzvimbo dzechimbishi kupfuura mativi aro emitezo.

Ukama hweNRA Nezvokutengeserana Zvombo

Indasitiri yepfuti inotsamira pasimba rinonyandura NRA sesangano rezvokutengeserana. Uhu ukama hwakatungamirira kumibvunzo pamusoro pokuti NRA inomirira zvikurukuru here kuva navaridzi vepfuti kana kuti inobatira fariro dzezvokutengeserana dzavagadziri vepfuti navatengesi.

Kunyange zvazvo pasina chiverengero chaichoicho, fungidziro dzakazvimirira dzinoratidza kuti vashandi vekambani yeNRA vakagovera pakati pamamirioni $19,3 ne $2,2 kusangano, neshopu imwe inotengesa pfuti ichizivisa kuti yakabetsera inenge mamiriyoni $15 kumapurogiramu eNRA. Iyi mipiro mikuru yesangano yakakuchidzira kutsoropodza kuti sangano rinoisa mibayiro yebhizimisi kupfuura chengeteko yavose.

Kuwedzera Kwemasangano Ane Kodzero Dzepfuti

Sezvo NRA yakatarisana nezvinetso, mamwe masangano akabuda kuti apedze kusava nechinhu kana kuti kukwikwidzana nokuda kwepesvedzero musangano ramaruramiro epfuti.

Pakati peiyi mhaka inonyadzisa, boka idzva, National Shooting Sports Foundation (NSF) rakakura kuva simba nokuda kwesangano rekodzero dzepfuti, uye NSSF yave ichipa NRA kwamakore, ine zvirongwa zvakafanana neNRA. National Shooting Sports Foundation, sangano gurusa rebhizimisi rezvombo, uye Gun Moners of America ndimapoka bedzi ekodzero dzepfuti ayo akapedza anopfuura NRA pakugamuchira kwehurumende chifo cha 2021.

Kutapura Zvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa uye Kududzira Bumbiro Remitemo

NRA yakaita basa rinokosha mukuumba kuturikira kunoita matare Dare Rechipiri Rekudzora, kutsigira kupesana kwakatungamirira kuchisarudzo chinokosha cheDare Gurusa chinofutunura kodzero dzepfuti.

Sangano remitemo rakabatsira kugadziridza maganhu makuru eTsamba reMitemo yeSand Confecterprudence. Kunyange zvazvo NRA ingave isina kuva mutsigiri wakananga muchiitiko chiri chose, tsigiro yaro yemari, indicus pfupi, uye kupfuudza kwakafara kwakabetsera kutanga mhoteredzo yepamutemo neyezvematongerwe enyika nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvekodzero dzepfuti. Mageti akadai seGriort of Columbia v. Heller (2008) na McDonald v. Guta reChicago (200) rakatanga kodzero yomunhu oga yokutakura zvombo nokuda kwe-difense, kushandurwa kukuru kwemitemo yemitemo yemitemo munzira dzeNRA yakanga yatonge yatorerwa kwenguva refu.

Pesvedzero YeNRA Papfuti Dzinosvika Panyika

Nepo mutemo wehurumende uchiwanzowana ngwariro hurusa, NRA yave ichishingaira zvakaenzana uye kazhinji kazhinji ichibudirira zvikuru pamwero wenyika, umo mitemo yepfuti inosiana zvikuru munyika yose.

Sangano rakasimudzira nenzira inobudirira "kuisa pamutemo" kwakavigwa munyika dzakawanda, kwakakudzwa "Mora Wako Ground" mitemo, uye rakavhara matanho akasiyana- siyana okudzora pfuti. NRA inodzorwa nenzvimbo yehurumende inobatanidza vashandi vakatsaurirwa uye masangano avazvipiri anotarisira basa remitemo uye kukurudzira chishoro kuzvikarakadzo zvokudzora pfuti.

Gamuchidzawo rinotsigira dziviriro inopfuuridzirwa ye “mutoro wakavanzwa ” uyo unobvumira munhu kutakura pfuti yakavanzwa kana kuti chimwe chombo pamunhu wake, uye "kutakura kwapakarepo" kunoreva kuti pfuti inogona kuva inooneka murutivi kana kuti zvizere, uye hakuna mitemo yehurumende yazvino uno yakavanzwa, uye hurumende dzinosiana muganhuriro dzadzo kana kuti kubvumidza bvumidzo dzakadaro.

Mhinduro Yeboka Rinodzora Pfuti

Kudzora kweNRA kwakanyandura kukura kwamasangano anotsigira mitemo yepfuti yorumano zvikuru, kuchiparira mamiriro ezvinhu akaparadzana zvikuru pamusoro pomutemo wepfuti.

Kombamiro yokusvikira pfuti isati yashandisa pesvedzero yainoita nhasi, Congress yaisiisa mitemo yakananga kuchengeta nzanga dzedu dzakakotsekana, sezvo yakapfuura National Firemarms Act muma 1930 kudzora pfuti dzine ngozi zvikurusa dzezuva racho, uye yakapfuura Brady Bill muma 1990 kutanga gadziriro yokunzvera yokutenga pfuti, asi nhasi, chishoro chepfuti chinoreva kuti kunyange nhamburiko dzebipartis, kufanana neBipartan Saved Community Act ya2022, ine mhoshoro neganhuriro zvinoderedza simba radzo.

Mapoka okudzora pfuti akashanda kurwisa pesvedzero yeNRA kupfurikidza nokupesvedzera kwawo amene, nhimbe dzedzidzo yavose, uye midzi youswa inoronga. Masangano akafanana neAlltown for Gun Safety, akavakirwa nemari inokosha inobva kune yaichimbova Muzinda weNew York Michael Bloomberg, akaedza kuwirirana nokushandiswa kwemari yezvamatongerwe enyika yeNRA negadziriro youswa, kunyange zvazvo achiri kutarisana nezviwanwa zvinokosha nenhamo dzesangano.

Kukurukurirana Kwezvinobudisa Mashoko zveNRA

NRA ine mapurogiramu akaoma kunzwisisa anosanganisira magazini, zvinhu zviri paIndaneti, uye mavhidhiyo anoitirwa kuti vanhu vazive kuti zvinhu zviripo ndezvipi.

Sangano racho rinobudisawo magazini anoverengeka uye rinotsigira zviitiko zvemakwikwi zvemakwikwi. zvinyorwa izvi zvinobatanidza American Rifleman, American Hunter, uye American’s 1st Freedom, iyo inobatanidza magumo epfuti ane chokuita netsinhiro dzezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pekodzero dzepfuti nenhau dzeChipiri dzeFindment.

Sangano racho rakaitawo nzira dzinoshandiswa pakubudisa mashoko uye nzira dzinoshandiswa nevanhu kuti ritaure nevateereri vaduku uye ridzivise zvarinoziva semakurukuru anorerekera kunhau dzinorambidza kurwisana nekodzero dzepfuti.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Yose Nemabasa Anoita

Nyika yose, NRA inoshora Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), uye yakashora kunyoreswa kwepfuti kweCanada, yakatsigira kodzero dzepfuti dzeBrazil, uye yakatsoropodza mitemo yeAustralia. Sangano racho rakatsvaka kubudisa uzivi hwaro hwekodzero dzepfuti kudarika miganhu yeAmerica, kunyange zvazvo nokubudirira kwakaganhurirwa kwakapiwa tsika dzepfuti dzakasiyana - siyana zvikuru uye kurongazve zvombo mune mamwe marudzi akabudirira akawanda.

Mibato yamarudzi ose yeNRA yakabatanidza kutsigira masangano ekodzero dzepfuti mune dzimwe nyika uye zvibvumirano zvinorwisana zvamarudzi ose zvingatapura vagadziri vepfuti veAmerica. Zvisinei, pesvedzero yesangano inoramba iri zvikurukuru mumusha, sezvo mamwe marudzi akabudirira mazhinjisa anochengeta mirau yepfuti yakakomba zvikuru kupfuura United States isina masangano makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika kuti avasunungure.

Nguva Yemberi yeNRA Nemitemo Yepfuti muAmerica

Nguva yemberi yeNRA inoramba isina chokwadi sezvainoita zvinetso zvemari, zvinetso zvemitemo, uye kuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Pesvedzero yesangano, nepo ichiri huru, inoratidzika kuva yakaderera kubva paukoshi hwaro muma1990 nama 2000.

Izvo ikoku kwose kunoreva nokuda kwesangano sezvarinobuda mumhosho dzamakore mashomanene apfuura kunoramba kusina kujeka, uye NRA haina kupindura zvikumbiro zvetsinhiro asi vatarisiri venguva refu vesangano vakaudza Vavhuresets kuti vasingapinzi mari sezvingabvira vacharamba vane simba mune zvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica, zvimwe munguva yemberi iri pedyo.

Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvichaumba tragory yeNRA nepesvedzero yayo inopfuuridzirwa pamuitiro wepfuti weAmerica:

  • Kukwanisa kwesangano kupedza zvinetso zvaro zvemari nezvepamutemo
  • Makwikwi anoitwa nemamwe masangano ane kodzero dzokurwa nepfuti akadai seNSSF neGun Moners of America
  • Kuchinja maonero anoita vanhu pakudzora pfuti, zvikurukuru pakati pevechiduku vokuAmerica
  • Zvakaguma nehondo dzepamutemo dzinoramba dzichirwiwa pamusoro pemitemo yepfuti pamwero wenyika nehurumende
  • Kubudirira kwesangano mukuvakazve chivimbo nemitezo navapi
  • Gadziriro dzezvematongerwe enyika dzinofara uye dzikamo yesimba muCongress nehurumende

Kunzwisisa Kuwanda Kwamaruramiro Epfuti Nokudzora Pfuti

Basa reNRA mumuitiro wezvombo weAmerica harigoni kunzwisiswa mukuparadzaniswa nenharo huru dzetsika, dzezvamatongerwe enyika, uye dzebumbiro remitemo pamusoro pepfuti munzanga yeAmerica.

United States ine ukama hunoshamisa nepfuti kana dzichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira, dzakadzikwa mudziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo, nhau yemuganhu, tsika dzokuvhima, uye tsika dzinosimbisa rusununguko rwomunhu oga nokuzvivimba. NRA yakazvimirira imene nenzira inobudirira somudziviriri weaya magamuchidzanwa mukurwisana nezvainoratidzira hurumende seinonyengera netyisidziro kumaruramiro ebumbiro remitemo.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, United States inowana mwero yamasimba masimba epfuti kupfuura zvikuru ayo amarudzi akaenzaniswa, ichitungamirira vatsigiri vadzori vepfuti kutaura kuti chishoro cheNRA kumurairo chinoparira rufu runodzivisika. Uku kusabvumirana kukuru pamusoro poukama pakati pokuva nepfuti, mirau yepfuti, uye chengeteko yavose kunopfuurira kuparira rwisano huru yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Basa Remari Munharo Dzezvibharo

Zvokwadi ndeyokuti tsika yedu yakaraswa nesimba refariro dzemari, kubatanidza kukwidza pfuti neindasitiri yezvombo, uye munzvimbo dzakawanda – zvikurukuru Congress – vakawanda vane simba rokuita panzvimbo pezvo vanoratidzira "kufunga neminyengetero" uye vanopfuurira vasingaiti chinjo dzipi nedzipi dzechiduku kumitemo yedu, uye vazhinji vanodudza kupedzera kweNational Rifle Association setsananguro nokuda kwevatungamiriri vedu vakasarudzwa panhau ino, uye nezvikonzero zvakanaka – NRA inoganza kuti ine mitezo ine mamirioni mashanu uye inopedza makumi amamirioni amadhora ematongerwe enyika.

Zvisinei, pesvedzero yeNRA inotambanukira kupfuura mipiro yakapfava. Kushandisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kweNRA zvikurukuru nemipiro yayo kuvatendi vanorongeka kunosiya mamirioni ari mukupa. Simba rechokwadi resangano rinobva mubatanidzwa waro wepfuma yemari, mibatanidzwa yezvisaririra, mabasa enhau, uye kubatanidzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakarongwa pamwero mizhinji yehurumende.

Zvidzidzo Zvedzidzo: Kudzidzisa Nezvomutemo WeNRA Nepfuti

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi vanodzidza hurumende yeAmerica, mutemo webumbiro remitemo, kana kuti muitiro wavose, NRA inogovera fundo yenhau inokosha muboka rezvido zvezvamatongerwe enyika, kududzira kwebumbiro remitemo, uye simba repesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kunzwisisa mhindumupindu yeNRA kubva kusangano routongi kusvikira kuimba yamasimba enyika kuenzanisira kuti masangano anogona sei kuchinja nokufamba kwenguva mumhinduro kumigariro yezvamatongerwe enyika inochinja. Unyanzvi hwesangano racho hunoratidzira nzira dzakawanda idzo mapoka ezvifariro anogona kupesvedzera nadzo muitiro, kubatanidza kupesvedzera, mipiro yenhimbe, kuunganidza uswa, kurongedza, uye dzidzo yavose.

Gakava reNRA nepfuti rinomutsawo mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pekodzero dzebumbiro remitemo, chengeteko yavose, basa remari mune zvematongerwe enyika, uye kuti nzanga dzinotonga hurumende yeruzhinji dzinodzikamisa sei mipimo inokwikwidzana nezvinodiwa nehurumende. Iyi mibvunzo haina mhinduro dziri nyore, ichiita muitiro wepfuti musoro wakaisvonaka wokukudziridza unyanzvi hwokufunga hunotsoropodza uye kunzwisisa mifungo yakasiyana - siyana panhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa.

Kutora Nzvimbo Dzinokosha Dzokunzwisisa Simba ReNRA

  • NRA yakachinja kubva musangano rakatanga zvokugadzira zvinhu muna 1871 kuva simba guru rezvematongerwe enyika rakatanga muma1970
  • Kupesvedzera kwesangano kunobva mumanyuko akawanda: kupedza nhimbe, kukwidza, kugadzira midzi, uye kugadzira zvinhu zvinoshanda
  • Mipiro yakananga inongomirira chikamu chiduku chete chezvinenge zvashandiswa paNRA mune zvematongerwe enyika
  • NRA yakavhara kana kuti kuderedza zvikarakadzo zvakawanda zvokudzora pfuti pamwero yehurumende nehurumende
  • Sangano racho rakasangana nematambudziko akakura mumakore achangopfuura, anosanganisira matambudziko emari, zvinetso zvepamutemo, uye kuderera kwenhengo
  • Mamwe masangano ane kodzero dzepfuti akabuda kuti akwikwidzane kana kuti akwaniridze kudzora kweNRA
  • Zvigadziko zvemitemo yeNRA pane dzimwe nguva zvinopesana nezvinodiwa nemitezo yayo imene
  • Sangano rinochengeta gadziriro huru dzekotsekano yepfuti nedzidzo pamwe chete nemibato yaro yezvamatongerwe enyika
  • Mapoka okudzora pfuti akawedzera achidavira pesvedzero yeNRA, achitanga tsika dzinowedzera kukamukana

Kupedzisa: Kupesvedzera KweNRA Kunopfuurira Pamutemo Wepfuti weAmerica

National Rifle Association inoramba iri chinhu chikuru munharo pamusoro pemitemo yepfuti muUnited States, kunyange zvazvo pesvedzero yayo ichiratidzika kuva iri kusangana pakati pezvinetso zvemari, pamutemo, uye zvamatongerwe enyika. NRA iri pakati pamapoka edzoro anopesvedzera zvikurusa mune zvamatongerwe enyika muU. Kubatana kwayo mutsika kwakaumba mutemo, zvisarudzo zvedare, uye murangariro wavose kwamakumi amakore, kuchikuita kuve kusingabviri kunzwisisa muitiro wezvombo zveAmerica pasina kunzwisisa basa reNRA.

Rubudiriro rwesangano mukudzivisa mipimo yokudzora pfuti namaruramiro anofutunuka epfuti dzinoratidzira simba ramapoka ezvifaro anosanorongwa muAmerican democracy. Kana munhu achirangarira iyi pesvedzero sezvinodzivirira rusununguko rwebumbiro remitemo kana kuti kudzosera kukuvadziko yekotsekano yavose, pesvedzero yeNRA pamuitiro wepfuti dzeAmerica hairambiki.

Sezvo United States inopfuurira kurwisana nemibvunzo pamusoro pemitemo yepfuti, chengeteko yavose, uye maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo, basa reNRA sezvingabvira richaramba riri renharo nechero. Kunzwisisa nhau yesangano, mazano, uye simba zvinogovera mashoko akapoteredza anokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa vhiringidziko dzetsika yepfuti dzeAmerica uye simba guru repesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika munzanga dzedemocratial.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzisi, vagadziri vemitemo, uye vagari vemo, kunzvera mhindumupindu yeNRA nepesvedzero kunopa nzwisiso inokosha pamusoro penzira iyo masangano anoumba nayo gadziriro yavanhu, nzira iyo kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo dzinoturikwa nayo nokukwikwidzwa, uye nzira iyo nzanga dzedemocracy dzinoshandisa nayo kutengeserana kwakaoma pakati pemipimo inokwikwikwidzana. Izvi zvidzidzo zvinotambanukira kumusoro zvikuru kupfuura murairo wepfuti kuti zvijekese mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pesimba, kumirira, uye kudzora muhurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeAmerica.

Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekurukurirano dzemitemo yepfuti namasangano anobatanidzwa, shanyira ... OpenSERS nokuda kwemitemo yenhimbe, Britanica's NRA's recustomrry nokuda kwenhau dzakapoteredza, [[FLT:] G [GOFford] Law Center [ nokuda kwemaonere epfuti, uye nhiyo ye NRA] yepawekichenzi ye NRA nokuda kwemifungo yesangano] yemibato yayo nemibato yayo.