National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) yeIndia inobatira sesangano rekona nokuda kwedziviriro nokusimudzirwa kwamaruramiro avanhu mukati mehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu hurusa yenyika. Yakagadzwa pana October 12, 1993, muNerrection of Human Rights Act, 1993, kusikwa kwayo kwakaratidzira nhano inokosha kukupa kodzero dzavanhu muhurumende yeIndia. NHRC inoisa tariro dzevagari vemo vanotsvaka ruramisiro mukurwisana nedzokukundikana kwadzo. Inoshanda seboka ravose, inoisa simba rayo neUnited Nations - rekutsiva kodzero [[FLT:] Paris Prisons [[FLD:1], iyo yakagadza mipimo yamarudzi ose yeNational Rights Rightstionstions (NRI). Mumakumi matatu amakore akapfuura, yakaedzero yesimba retsika, rakaita kuti pave nesimba rekunzvera kwezviuru, kurumbidza matare, uye kudzorwa kwemitemo yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, inodzorwa kudzorwa kwehurumende yenzanga yenzanga, inodzorwa munzanga yenzanga dzenzanga dzenzanga dzenzanga dzenzanga dzinodzosera kudzorose.

Genesisi Nemanyorero Emitemo

Magenesi eNHRC anobva zvikuru mukuzvipira kweIndia kumipimo yekodzero dzevanhu yemarudzi ose nemitemo yayo yebumbiro remitemo. Dziviriro dzekodzero dzevanhu, 1993 (zvino Chibvumirano chekodzero dzavanhu, 1993), yakaitwa neParamende achitevera rumbidzo dzeDare Rinomira paIndaneti paIndaneti uye kubvumirana kwamarudzi ose kuti dzitange masangano ekodzero ehurumende. Mutemo unorondedzera zvikuru "kodzero dzevanhu" sezvo kodzero dzine chokuita noupenyu, rusununguko, kuenzana, uye chiremera zvomunhu zvinopinzwa neBumbiro remitemo kana kuti zvinoiswa musungano yamarudzi ose, zvinomanikidzirwa nematare eIndia. Iyi rondedzero yakafara inogovera NHRC nehurumende, zvamatongerwe enyika, zvemagariro dzenzanga, dzenzanga, uye dzetsika. Dare remitemo inobatanidza kudzoronzendo dzemitemo yemitemo yemitemo, uye kupfuudzorodzamatongedzero yemitemo yavanhu.

Kuronga uye Kurangana

Kuumbwa kweNHRC kwakagadzirwa nenzira yegadziriro kuvimbisa kuzvimirira, kuvimbika, uye unyanzvi hwakawanda hwokuranga. Commission inoumbwa naChaimbwa, uyo anofanira kuva aichimbova Mutongi Mukuru weIndia, uye Mitezo mina yenguva yakazara. Pakati paivava vana, mumwe anofanira kuva aichimbova Mutongi weDare repamusorosoro reIndia, mumwe aichimbova Mutongi Mukuru weDare, uye vanhu vaviri vane zivo kana kuti ruzivo rwokuzviwanira runoshanda munhau dzine chokuita nekodzero dzavanhu. Kuwedzera kuidzi mitezo yakazara, kune Mitezo, inobatanidza Customs Commissions for Minoraries, Shepted Castem neSved , Vakadzi, Child Rights, uye Maorty Confective.

Chaiperson nemitezo vanogadzwa naPurezidhendi weIndia pamusoro perumbidzo dzedare rine simba guru rinoumbwa noMutungamiriri Mukuru, Mutauri weLok Sabha, Mutungamiriri weMusha, Vatungamiriri veChishoro mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzeParamende, uye Sectagerman weRajiya Sabhaha. Uyu muitiro wemitezo mizhinji unoitirwa kugovera varatisi vakafara uye vasina rutivi kuDare, rinoidzivirira panzvimbo inodzorwa. Mitezo inovata panzvimbo yamakore mashanu kana kuti kutozosvikira vasvika zera ramakore makumi manomwe, iro richiripo pakuvamba, richivagovera negumi rakachengeteka kuti vaite mabasa avo zvakazvizvimirira.

Simba neMabasa

NHRC inoshandisa masimba akati, akafanana neayo edare ravagari vemo muMutemo weCivil Procedire, 1908, zvikurukuru nokuda kwedonzo rokubvunza. Inogona kuraira ndokumanikidzira kupinda kwavanhu, kunzvera zvapupu zviri mumhiko, kugamuchira ufakazi pamichina, uye kukumbira chinyorwa chipi nechipi chavose mudare ripi neripi kana kuti hofisi. Iri chiremera chedare remitemo chinobvumira kuita nzvero nokubudirira mukuputsa kodzero dzavanhu kwakaoma kunzwisisa, kuchikuita kuti chive chimwe chemitumbi yemitemo ine simba zvikurusa muIndia.

Kubvunza uye Kuongorora

Commission inogona kubvunza mukunyunyuta pamusoro pokuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu pangave pachikumbiro chinoiswa nanyajambwa kana kuti pabato rine chokuita, kana kuti pachayo ( mussuo motu ). Syuotu] [ kuzivikanwa chinhu chine simba chinobvumira NHRC kuita pamusoro pemishumo kana kuti mashoko anowanwa kubva kumanyuko api naapi akavimbika, kuchigonesa kutaura nokuputsa mutemo pasina kumirira kunyunyuta kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe. Kunzvera kwacho kunowanzobatanidza kushanyira nzvimbo yokupunzirwa, kukurukurirana navanyajambwa uye mhuri dzavo, uye kubudisa mirayiridzo yeyamuro yeyamuko, yakadai seyamuramwayamuko. Chibvumirano chinowo chinogone kupindiranawo kukanganisa kodzero dzavanhu pasina kudzo inobvumira kutongwa nekodzero yacho.

Kuongorora Nokuongorora

Kupfuura nyunyuto dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe, NHRC inoita basa rinokosha mukutarisira kuitwa kwemitemo yamaruramiro avanhu nemitemo inowirirana munyika yose. Inohwirudzura dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo nedzepamutemo dzinodzivirira maruramiro avanhu uye kunzvera zvishandiso zvamarudzi ose zvekodzero dzavanhu kurumbidza kuitwa kwazvo kunobudirira. Commission inoshanyira majeri, masangano ezvo zvoutano hwendangariro, misha yepwere, uye zvimwe zvivako zvokutarisira kuti zvidzidzise mararamire, kubatwa kwevasungwa, uye kunamatira kumipimo yekodzero dzavanhu. Mishumo yayo yegore negore, yakapiwa kuhurumende yepakati, inoiswa muParamende uye inobatira sechinyorwa chakakomba chekodzero dzekodzero dzavanhu muIndia, kazhinji kazhinji inokweverwa ngwariro kukuva kundikano yetsika dzetsika dzepwere nokurumbidza magadzirirwo. NRC. NRC inoongororawo zvikweretiso nokudzorwa kumipimo yehurumende kukuvadziko dzavanhu.

Kutsvakurudza uye Kudzidzira

Kuvimbisana kunoumba rutivi runokosha rwechinorairwa neNHRC. Kunosimudzira nzvero murutivi rwekodzero dzavanhu, kunoronga zvirongwa zvokurovedza vakuru vakuru vehurumende, vakuru vakuru vemapurisa, uye vakuru vakuru vedare, uye kuitisa nhimbe huru dzokuziva kuti vadzidzise vanhu. Commission inogadzira zvinhu zvokudzidzira zvikoro neyunivhesiti, zvichivavarira kuvaka tsika dzekodzero dzevanhu kubva kumidziro yeuswa. NHRC yave inorongawo kurovedza kushandira kuti itsigire kuchinja kwapamutemo, zvakadai sokuzvinyima kuzviuraya muMitemo yeOperation Act, 2017, uye kusimbisa mitemo inorwisana nemabasa okutsiva. NHRC inorongawo kubatana namasangano evagari vemo, masangano asingaiti, uye masangano emarudzi ose, kubatanidza matare eUnited Nations, kufambidzana matare ekodzero dzavanhu muIndia.

Tapuro Pakutonga kweIndia Nenzanga

NHRC yakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki pakutonga kweIndia, ichishanda sembwa inoramba ichitarira uye sechinhu chinoparira kuchinjwa kwesangano. Kupindira kwayo kwakamanikidzira hurumende nehurumende dzapakati kuva dzinogamuchira zvikuru itiro hanya dzamaruramiro avanhu uye kwakagovera mwero wakati wokuzvidavirira mutsika inowanzoratidzirwa nemutungamiriri wehurumende nemunyengeri.

Kukurukura Masimba Masimba Outsinye Nenzufu

Imwe yemipiro inokosha zvikurusa yeNHRC yave iri mukunangana nenzufu dzinochengetwa, kutambudza, uye zviitiko zvokunyepedzera. Commission yakaiswa pasi Sed Operading Procedures (SSP) nokuda kwokunzvera rufu runodzorwa navabereki, kupfuudza kumanikidzirwa kwepashure penhevedzo, kubvunza kwokumanikidzirwa, uye kuyananiswa kwechiito chapakarepo kumhuri. Muzvinoitika zvenhau, kubatanidza rufu rwekuchengeta muUttar Pradesh neBihar, uye kuuraya kwakaipa muManiputer, NHRC yakapindira, kwakatungamirira kubhadharo kukuru, uye kurumbidzwa kweutsotsi. Kurondwa kwaronge kusingachinjiki kwokuzvidavirira muidziro muidziro, kwakaparira muteshivi, kudzodzodzodzo, kumanikidza mapurisa namauto kuti vangwarire zvikuru mukuvadzo. [Nerreversero yenhau yenhau dzeIndia,]

Kuziviswa Kwokutsiva Nemaoko

NHRC yakaita basa rinokosha mukusimbisa muitiro wemaoko okutsiva nokukwidziridza nokuda kwokuparadzwa kwayo kwakakwana. Kupfurikidza nenhevedzano yokunzwa kwavose, mishumo ine udzame, uye kupindira kwakananga, Komishoni yaidzvinyirira hurumende kuti dzishandise Kuitwa kweManual ScaReservers uye Recontrocietion Act, 2013. Yakatungamirira kuzivikanwa kwechikepeti dzemitengo yemirayiridzo, kudzoresa, uye yakarayira kubhadhara mumigumisiro apo vaichenesa matomu uye matangi ehondo. NHRC yakagovera kutsigira zvakasimba "Pregiption of Manual Scca Resociotics" uye kudzorera rudzi rwemagensalcrations Scla Res" uye kubetsera kukanganisa uipi hwavanhu hwakakomba hwakapararira zvikuru.

Kuwana Zvokudya, Kuchengeta Masero, uye Utano

NHRC yakarangarira nzara yakapararira nezvokudya zvisingavaki muviri, ichiirangarira sechipunzi chekodzero inokosha youpenyu pasi peChikamu 21 cheBumbiro reMitemo. Yakaita nzvero yenyika ndokupa rumbidzo dzakajeka pamusoro pePublic Exporation System (PDS) uye Mid-Dy Messar Meal Meal Meal Scheal, ichisunda nokuda kwokuitwa nokuzvidavirira kuri nani. Mukati mhanza yeCHOVAD-19, NRC yakaita basa rinoshanda rakatanhamara mukunzvera kuvapo kwezvokudya, pokuvanda, pokuchengetera, uye kurapa vashandi vanotama, vanotambira mari, uye vamwe vanhu vanotambira mari. Yakapa nhungamiro dzakadza kuhurumende nepakati, inovatungamirira kusimbisa kuitwa kwezvirongwa zvokuyamura uye kunetsa vashandi vanobva munyika dzinogara dzichienda kuremara, izvo zvakava chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru muIndia.

Ruramisiro Yemhoteredzo

Ichiziva batano yomuzvarirwo pakati pemhoteredzo nekodzero dzavanhu, NHRC yakarangarira nenzira inowedzera kuzivikanwa kweshatiso yemhoteredzo. Yakapa zviziviso ndokuita kubvunza muDelhi-National City Community, kuraswa kwetsvina yeindasitiri, kushatiswa kwetsvina, uye tapuro dzegadziriro huru dzepfuma panzanga dzemo. Commission yakaomerera nguva dzose kuti mhoteredzo yakachena inokosha kurudyi kuupenyu pasi peChikamu 21. Kupindira kwayo kwakasundira mberi mabhodhi okudzora kushatiswa kwemhepo nezviremera zvokudzoserazve kushati kuti zviite chiito chakasimba mukurwisana navasvibisi nokugovera muripo kunzanga dzakakuvadzwa.

Kudzivirira Kodzero Dzavakadzi Navana

NHRC yakaita nhano dzakawanda dzokudzivirira maruramiro avakadzi navana. Yakakurukura nhau dzakadai sechikadzi chinouraya, roorano yavana, kunetswa muvatano panzvimbo yebasa, uye denho dzeasidhi. Komishinari yaitisa gadziriro dzengwariro pagadziriro dzapamutemo dzine chokuita nekodzero dzavakadzi uye yakasunda kuitwa kwakakomba kwedziviriro yaVana kubva kuChembences (POCSO) Act. Mishumo yayo pamusoro penzvimbo yavakadzi mumajeri uye mugariro wavana mumisha miduku yakasunda kugadziridzwa kwehurumende nemitemo panzvimbo nemwerodzimwero yenyika.

Zvinetso uye Kutadza Kuvaka Zvinhu

Pasinei zvapo nezviitwa zvaro, NHRC inoshanda mukati meganhuriro dzinoverengeka dzokushanda dzinoganhurira kushanda kwayo nebviro. izvi denho dzinofanira kukurukurwa kuti Commission izive zvizere murairo wayo.

Rudzi Rwokurumbidza uye Rwokurumbidza

Chinoganhuriro chikurusa cheNHRC ndechokuti rumbidzo dzayo hadzisati dzichibatanidza pamutemo hurumende. Nepo ichishanda sedare ravagari vemo mukati menzvero dzaro, mirairo yaro yokupedzisira zvikarakadzowo zvazvo. Hurumende haisati ichisungirwa pamutemo kuzvigamuchira, kunyange zvazvo ichifanira kutsanangura kusagamuchira kwayo muMushumo Wayo weMagore kuParamende. Uku kupesvedzera kunoreva kuti kupfuurira kutevera, dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye pesvedzero dzetsika izvishandiso zvikuru zveKomishoni. Pasina masimba anosungisa, hurumende yakatsunga kana kuti isina kukendenga inogona kufuratira nyore nyore kurayira kweNHRC, kuchiita kuti kupindira kwayo kushande muzvinoitika zvizhinji.

Zvinhu Zvine Ungwaru Nezvikamu Zvisingadzoreki

NHRC inotambura zvikuru nokusashanda zvakanaka kwevashandisi vakawanda uye kunetsa kukuru kwenhau. Nemazana ezviuru zvenyunyuto zviri kumirira panguva ipi neipi yakapiwa, mano eKomishi yokugovera ruramisiro yapanguva inodzongonyedzwa zvakakomba. Bapiro rayo rokunzvera iduku zvikuru, rinotsamira zvikuru pazviremera zvehurumende nokuda kwokuitwa kwemazita azvo nemibvunzo, zvinogona kuparira rwisano dzefariro. Mari yeNHRC, nepo yakakwana nokuda kwemabasa ayo makuru, haikwani kukwaniri nokuda kwokuwana, kunzvera, uye kurovedza zvinokarirwa kuti iite. Ichi chipameso chinoganhurirwa zvikuru nokuda kwokuita basa racho rinoita kuti rive nebasa rinoita kuti ribudirire uye ritarisire zvakanaka nzvimbo huru yemaIndia.

Zvibingamupinyi Zvevarwi Nemauto Ane Zvombo

Nhlangano weNHRC inoda kuti itsvake mvumo yehurumende yepakati isati yanzvera kuputswa kwekodzero dzavanhu nemauto ane zvombo. Iyi gadziriro inonetesa zvikuru simba reCommission routariri munharaunda dzerwisano dzakadai seJamu naKashmir, Manipur, Nagaland, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinotapurwa nokusatendeseka. Nepo Commission inogona kutora mootu[ kuzivikanwa, ichi chigumbuso chemubato chinowanzononotsa kunzvera uye chinobvumira ruparadziko rungabvira rwoufakazi, ichizvidza kurwisana nedziviriro.

Dzvinyiriro Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokushaikwa Kwechiito

Kubudirira kweNHRC kunotsamira zvikuru pakubatira pamwe kwehurumende dzepakati nehurumende. Kunonoka mukugoverana mashoko, kusawirirana namadai, uye kusadavidza kwose kwamadhipatimendi ehurumende idenho dzinopfuurira. Muitiro wokusarudza weCheaperson neMtezo, kunyange zvazvo ine simba rakakwirira, wakashorwa panhambo nenhambo nokuda kwokushaikwa kwokujeka nebatano yenzanga, kuchitungamirira kukugadzwa kungasaratidzira nguva dzose mipimo yakakwirira zvikurusa yokuzvimirira nekodzero dzavanhu.

Kusimbisa Nhepfenyuro Yenguva Yemberi

Kuwedzera basa rayo mukudzora kweIndia ndokuivimbisa kuva inoramba iri mutsigiri akavimbika wekodzero dzavanhu, chinjo dzakati kuti dzinoda kugadziriswa dzinobatanidza kupa masimba anobatira NHRC kuti atsigire rumbidzo dzayo, kuishandura kubva muboka rinorumbidzwa kuva gadziriro inobudirira zvikuru yokuzvidavirira. Kuigovera negadziriro yemari yakawanda negadziriro yokuzvitonga yakananga, kubatanidza kunyoreswa kwakaparadzana kwevashandi vayo, kungaderedza rutsamiro rwayo pahurumende. Kupa Komishoni yokunzvera masimba ane zvombo pasina kutenderwa nehurumende kunokosha kuvimbisa kuzvidavirira kudzorwa kwemagakava munharaunda echiIndia nemiitiro yakanakisisa yamarudzi ose. Kugadza gadziriro yakasimba yeHurumende yeHofisi dzavanhu uye kuvimbisa kuti ishandiswe zvakakwana uye kupiwa simba kudzivirira maruramiro avanhu muIndia.

mhedziso

National Human Rights Commission of India inoramba iri gadziriro inokosha mukuvakwa kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Yakaunza nokubudirira hurukuro yamaruramiro avanhu kubva kumicheto yehurumende huru yeIndia, ichimanikidza nyika kururamisa zviito zvayo nokupa simba vagari vemo kukumbira maruramiro avo. Nepo rwendo rwayo rwave rwuchiratidzirwa nezviitwa zvikuru mukutaura nezvechisimba chekodzero dzemwana, rusaruro rwenzanga, uye kundikano dzegadziriro dzavanhu, bviro yarwo inopfuurira kudzorwa nemitemo, chivako, uye ganhuriro zvamatongerwe enyika. Kusimbisa NHRC hachisi chisi chinodikanwawo hacho chehurumende yehurumende yeIndia; idikaro chikuru chokukudza hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uye kuvimbisa kuti kodzero dzavagari vemo vose vanodzivirirwa, zvikurukuru zvikamu zvinovatana kukuvadzwa zvikuru uye zvakaganhuridzwa zvenzanga.