Basa Romufundisi Mukutsigira Tsika Dzehurumende

Basa reJury rinowanzorangarirwa zvaro somusengwa wenzanga (a a kurayira kuzadzikwa nokukanganwika. Asi revo yaro yechokwadi inosvika zvikuru, ichishanda sechinhu chipenyu chokutonga kwehurumende yedemocracy. Pamavambo acho, basa redare rinobetsera kuvimbisa kuti ruramisiro haisati ichipiwa namapoka ari kure echiremera asi navagari vemowo zvavo vanoratidzira mipimo yenzanga, zvinoitika, uye pfungwa yokururamisira. Nyaya inonzvera basa rinokosha redare mukutsigira mipimo yehurumende yehurumende, kubva pahwaro hwaro hwenhau kusvikira kuzvinetso zvazvino unotarisana nazvo, uye inopa kunzvera kwakakwana chikonzero nei sangano iri richigara riri madikanwa munzanga yakasununguka.

Nhoroondo Yokushandiswa Kwechidyo

Kodzero kukutonga kunoitwa nedare rinobetsera vatongi haisati iri chinhu chazvino uno. Midzi yaro inodzokera shure kusvikira kuEngland yechi12-pakati, umo Mambo Henry II akatanga murangariro weboka ravarume vomunzvimbomo vakapika kunzvera ndokushuma pamusoro penhau dzekakavadzano dzenyika nepomero dzoutsotsi. Uku kwapakuvamba "kunyengera kwepanguva ino" kwakatendeukira zvishoma nezvishoma mudare rinotonga ratinoziva nhasi.Nhamba yevezera ramazera ane mutoro wokusarudza mhaka kana kuti kusava nemhaka yakavakirwa paufakazi hunopiwa mudare. Magna Carta wa1215 anotsigirazve nheyo yorutongeso nemhoshoro youtsotsi kupfurikidza nomunhu anoenzana, achiisa ibwe rekona rebasa rakafanira.

MuUnited States, Kutangwa kwaMadzibaba kwakaisa maruramiro kukutonga kwedare redare redare redare redare, kutanga muChikamu III uye gare gare muReformations yeSikisi neSeve7. Ikoku kwakanga kusiri tsaona. Izvozvi zvakanga zvawana ruramisiro inotonga yematare eBritain, vakanzwisisa kuti majaji anoshanda secherekedzo pasimba rehurumende. Nokuisa vagari vemowo zvavo mudare. (h.rather) vatongi panzvimbo yedare redare, basa re “vatongi kana kuti vezvematongerwe enyika, [*] tsika yacho yaivimbisa kuti mitemo ichaturikirwa kupfurikidza nerefuremutsika dzenzanga.

  • Yakatanga muEngland mukati mezana ramakore rechi 12 somutoo wokudzora kwomunzvimbomo.
  • Yakagadzwa sekodzero inokosha muBumbiro Remitemo reU.S. (Mitemo Yechitanhatu neSeventh Amendments).
  • Kusimudzira kutora rutivi kwenzanga uye kudzivisa kutsotswa nehurumende.
  • Inoratidzira nheyo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yokuti ruramisiro inofanira kupiwa navaenzani, kwete vakakwirira.

Kukosha Kwokuzvipira Muhurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Basa reJury rinoita zvakawanda kupfuura kusarudza nhau dzomunhu oga neapo kuti ritsigire nokushingaira mipimo yedemocracy. Apo vagari vemo vanobatira mudare rinobetsera vatongi, vanopindira mubasa iro rinoda kufunga kwokutsoropodza, kusasarura, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvakabatana. Ihwohwu unyanzvi humwe chetehwo hunodikanwa nomuvhoti ane ruzivo. Chiito chokuzvisunungura kuva vaeni vanobva mumigariro yakasiana - siana chinosimudzira tsitsi uye mirangariro yakakura, kusimbisa pfungwa yokuti ruramisiro inova yakasimba apo inobatanidza manzwi akasiyana - siyana.

Nzvero inobva American Bar Association inosimbisa kuti basa redare rinobetsera vatongi rinowedzera chivimbo chavose mugadziriro yapamutemo. Apo vagari vemo vanotora rutivi zvakananga, vanoona zvakananga kuti tsika inogona kuva yakanaka(napainoperevedza, vanova varevereri nokuda kwevandudziko. Neiyi nzira, basa redare rinobetsera idzidzo yehurumende inoomesa tsandanyama dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

  • Anopa simba vagari vemo kuti vapesvedzere migumisiro yepamutemo uye anoita kuti gadziriro yacho izvidavirire.
  • Kunowedzera chivimbo chavanhu kupfurikidza nokuita ruramisiro muitiro unooneka, wokumhanya wenzanga.
  • rinokurudzira pfungwa dzakasiyana - siyana, zvichiita kuti pave nezvisarudzo zvine mwero.
  • Chibvumirano chenzanga chinosimbisa: vagari vemo vanogamuchira kutonga kwapamutemo nemhaka yokuti kwaibetsera kuvaumba.

Basa Romutoro

Kutora rutivi mubasa redare rinobetsera vatongi hakusati kuchingovawo hako chinodikanwa chapamutemo; mutoro mukuru wehurumende. National Center for State Courts inotaura kuti vagari veAmerica vanopfuura mamirioni 32 vanodanwa kubasa redare rinobetsera dare rinobetsera gore rimwe nerimwe, bva vazhinji vanoirangarira sechikanganiso. Zvisinei, chiito chokuoneka, kuteerera ufakazi, uye kunyora nenzira yakananga bvumirano yehurumende. Ibanza kuti vagari vemo vatsauri vatsause mirangariro yavo vamene ndokubatira zvakanaka. Kupfurikidza nokubatira, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanosimbisa kuti havasi vadzorwi vomutemo asi vanoshingaira mukutarisirwa kwawo.

Kuitwa Kwokusarudza Jury

Muitiro wokusarudza vatongi (w [[FLT: 0]] wakaipa (chiFrench nokuda kwe “kutaura zvokwadi”)(icho chakarongedzerwa kubudisa dare rinobetsera nerisingasaruri). Vagari vanosarudzwa nenzira isingazivikanwi mumanyuko akadai sendaza yokunyoresa, mapepa omuchairi ereze, kana kuti mapepa omutero ehurumende. Uku kusasarudza kunovimbisa kuti hakuna munhu anosarudzwa uye kuti dare rinobetsera rimite rinoratidzira uwandu hwenzanga.

Mukati mechinongedzo, magweta nokuda kwenhau imwe neimwe inobvira yedare redare redare kuti vazivise rusaruro kana kuti kusawirirana kwefariro. Mativi ose ari maviri anogona kudenha vatongi “nokuda kwechisakiso” (pamugumisiro ungagona kutapura rutongeso) kana kuti kushandisa chiverengero chakaganhurirwa che“denho” kudzinga vatongi pasina kutaura chikonzero. Nharidzano haisati iri yokusarudza vatongi vanofarira rutivi rumwe asi kuwana vatongi vanogona kusarudza nhau yacho pamutemo noufakazi. [[FLT: 0]U.S. Dare repanyuro pawebsite yedare rinogovera nhungamiro dzakazara pamusoro penzira mui uyu muitiro wokuchengeta ruramisiro.

  • Kusarudza kusingagamuchirwi kunobva kunzvimbo dzakafara kuti uve nechokwadi chokuva mumiririri.
  • Kubvunza kukuru kwokusasarura.
  • Mativi ose ari maviri angapembedza vatongi nokuda kwechisakiso kana kuti kupfurikidza nedenho yakakomba.
  • Simbiso pamhatsa yemigariro yakare, iyo inowirirana nokurangarira kwakakwana zvikuru.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi dziviriro, muitiro wacho hauna kukwana. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti kusawirirana kwedzinza nenzanga kunogona kupesvedzera uyo anoguma ari mudare rinobetsera vatongi, zvikurukuru apo denho dzinokunda dzinoshandiswa kubvisa mitezo yamapoka akati. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei chinjo dzinopfuurira (kwakadai sokubvisa denho dzinoparadza kana kuti kuwedzera manyuko edare rinotonga) achirongedzerwa pakati panyanzvi dzemitemo kusimbisazve kumirira hurumende yehurumende.

Matambudziko Anotarisana Nebasa Roujuri

Nokuda kwezvakanaka zvaro zvose, basa redare rinobetsera vatongi rinotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinokosha dzinogona kubvisa basa raro mukutsigira mipimo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kufunga Kwavose Nokusakendenga

VaAmerica vazhinji vanorangarira basa redare rinobetsera vatongi somutoro panzvimbo peropafadzo. Musengwa wenguva, kurasikirwa nemari (vashandirwi vazhinji havabhadhari nokuda kwebasa redare rinobetsera vatongi), uye kusakendenga kwokuenda kudare kunodzivisa kutora rutivi. Uku kusakendenga kunoparira mwero yakakwirira yokurovha basa rehurumende uye pfungwa inoderera yebasa rehurumende. Apo vagari vemo vanonzvenga basa redare rinobetsera vatongi, quater yakatetepa, uye vatongi vangasaratidzira mhatsa yakazara yenzanga.

Kurwisa ikoku, dzimwe nyika dzakasimudzira mubhadharo wedare rehuru, kutangwa kwezuva rimwe/imwe matare, uye kubvumira gadziriro inochinjika zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, California gadziriro yedare redare redare redare [ zvino inobvumira vatongi kubatira kwezuva rimwe chete kana kuti nguva yokutongwa kumwe, kuderedza mutoro zvikuru. Asi, kuchinja murangariro wavose kunoramba kuri denho refu inoda dzidzo neshambidziko.

Mabhiya Akakwana uye Rusaruro

Vatongi vanhu, uye vanopinza rusaruro rusingazivi mudare . "nas] pamutemo wakavakirwa padzinza, chirume, zera, kana kuti mugariro wenzanga. Kunyange kuedza kwapachokwadi zvikurusa kwokusasarura kunogona kushatiswa nokufungira mano akaipa kwakakwana. Somuenzaniso, nzvero dzakaratidza kuti vakwirirwi vechitema sezvingabvira zvikuru vachawanwa mhaka apo majaji ane mitezo mishomanene yavatema. Sangano yapamutemo inoedza kutaura naikoku kupfurikidza nezvinotambudza uye miraidzo yokufuratira rusaruro, asi zvimiro zvenzanga zvakarovererwa zvakaoma kupedza.

Kunyange zvazvo zvichibatsira, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kuchinja kukuru kwokuumba kunenge kuchiita kusarudzwa kwedare rinobetsera kupfurikidza nokusarudza vatongi vasingaoni kana kuti vatongi vakasiyana - siyana vanopa mazano edare rinobetsera dare rokutonga, kunodikanwa kuderedza zvirokwazvo nzvimbo yokutamba.

Zvinetso Zvepfungwa Nezvemari

Vanhu vazhinji havagoni zvavo kutora nguva yokushanda basa redare rinobetsera vatongi. Vashandi vebasa rakaderera, vashandi vemari, uye vanhu vanoshandira vanowanzotarisana nechirango chemari nokuda kwokubatira. Iyi mhinganidzo yemari nenzira isingaenzaniswi inotapura nzanga dzakacheneswa, kukwevera dare dare ramatare kuavo vane mari yakakwirira kana kuti mabasa anochinjika zvikuru. Mamwe masangano akasuma vashandirwi mirayiro inobhadharwa, asi mutemo wehurumende haudi vashandirwi kubhadhara nokuda kwebasa redare redare, uye mabhizimisi maduku akawanda haagoni kubhadhara.

Uyezve, dzimba dzedare dziri kure nenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu, kushayikwa kwezvifambiso zvavose, uye zvisarudzo zvokutarisira vana zvakaganhurirwa zvinoita kuti zviomere vamwe mumuviri kutora rutivi.

Tapuro Yezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Panzvimbo Yebasa Rakaipa

Ruzivo rwezvokugadzira zvinhu ruri kusimbisa kuti basa redare rinobetsera sei, richipa mikana nenjodzi.

Kusarudza Zvepakombiyuta

Dare rakawanda zvino rinobvumira vatongi vanokarirwa kupedza mibvunzo nokunzvera paIndaneti vasati vatomboisa tsoka mudare.Idzi dzinobatanidza muitiro wacho ndokuderedza nguva dzokumirira. Dzimwe nyika dzakatoedza kuvhunduka kwakakwana kupfurikidza nemusangano wevhidhiyo, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kuchimutsa funganyo pamusoro pokusakwanisa kuchengeta mutauro womuviri nechimiro.

Uchapupu Hwezvidhimoni Mudare

Miedzo yazvino uno inowedzera kuvimba noufakazi hwemakombiyuta ($Email), nzvimbo dzesocial network, kuongorora, uye matanda emashoko. Vatarisiri vanofanira kukwanisa kunzwisisa nokunzvera nokungwarira mashoko aya. Madare zvino anopa zviteshi zvemakombiyuta nemirayiridzo yakajeka pamusoro penzira yokubata nayo michina. Zvisinei, kuoma kweuchapupu hwemichina kunogona kukurira vatongi vasina unyanzvi hwokugona kunyora, vangagona kukanganisa kutsanangura kwavo maidi.

Ngozi Dzomashoko Anobva Kunze uye Kuudzwa Zvisizvo

Zvichida denho hurusa yeruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ingozi yokuti vatongi vachaitisa nzvero yokuzvimirira kana kuti kuratidzirwa kunhau dzinotepfenyura nhau. Maarogori enzanga anogona kudyisa vatongi ufakazi husingachinjiki, nhau, kana kuti kunyange vasonganiri vakananga vanobva kumativi anofarira. Iyi “mashoko apanze” anosekesa kuvimbika kwokutonga. Vatongi zvino vanopa mirayiridzo yakakomba yokudzivisa kunzvera kwepaIndaneti nekurukurirano dzenzanga, uye mamwe matare anounganidza zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvamakombiyuta mukati mechirongwa. [[FLT: 0] UTudiciary yenhau nenhau dzenzanga inopa muenzaniso wakanakisisa wemiitiro yenzanga, asi kuchengetwa kunoramba kwakaoma.

Vagari Vanodzidzisa Pamusoro Pebasa Roujudha

Vagari vemo vakawanda vanosvika pabasa redare redare rinobetsera vatongi vasinganzwisisi kuti basa racho rinoitwa sei, kodzero dzavo, kana kuti kurema kwebasa ravo.

Chikoro Nedzidzo Yakatsigirwa Nenzanga

Kuwedzera zvidzidzo pamusoro pegadziriro yedare rinobetsera vatongi mugadziriro yehurumende mugadziriro dzezvikoro zvehurumende .An /can demyssify mutoo wacho. Vadzidzi vanogona kudzidza pamusoro pemitongo yedare redare rapamutemo rapamutemo, musiano pakati poutsotsi namatare avagari vemo, uye mufungo we “kupfuura kusava nechokwadi kune mufungo.” Miedzo yeMock, kazhinji kazhinji inoitwa namasangano asingapinduri purofiti akafanana ne ABA’S purogiramu dzeDraw - Regiod Education programs, kupa vanhu vaduku ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwezvinoitwa nejari.

Kuvakuru, zvirongwa zvenzanga uye shoo dzedare dzinogona kuvhara musiyano. matare akawanda zvino ane “Muongi Westy Weeks” ane dzimba dzakazaruka ne Q&A. Maraibhurari nenzvimbo dzomunharaunda zvinogona kugovera hurukuro dzinopiwa navatongi vomunzvimbomo kana kuti magweta, zvichiita kuti mutongi asvike.

Zviwanikwa Zvinoshandiswa Nevanogadzira Mari

Pakarepo vatongi vanoda nhungamiro yakajeka, yakapfupika. Mawebsite akawanda edare anopa mavhidhiyo, FAQS, uye mamwe mabhuku ehuru. Firedal Jurdor Handbook ibhuku rakaisvonaka, rinoonesa mabasa nemisengwa yetsika zvavatongi. Vatsigiri vanobvira kuhwirudzura izvi zvinhu basa risati rabetsera kuderedza funganyo uye kuvandudza kunaka kwerangariro.

Kusimudzira Tsika Yokubatanidzwa Muchibvumirano Chokuberekana

Vaparidzi vanoona vatongi vachishanda mumatare edzimhosva netsamba refu, vachidudza basa ravo mumapepanhau omunharaunda, kana kuti vachipa vanhu mikana miduku yokuziva nyaya yacho vanogona kubvisa mitoro yokuremekedza.Vamwe vashandirwi vanopa nguva yokubhadharwa yebasa redare redare sebasa rehurumende.

Kuzvipira kunoshanda munzvimbo dzinotongwa nehurumende dzekwavanogara, zvakadai sokushanda mumabhodhi ekumapurani okugara kana kuti mumatare ezvikoro, kunokonzerawo tsika yokuita basa rehurumende rinoitirwa dare rinobetsera vatongi.

Kuchinja Basa Kwezana Remakore Rechi21

Kuchinja kunoverengeka kwakawana kubatanidzwa pakati penyanzvi dzemitemo nevagadziri vemitemo.

Kuwedzera Chivako cheJury

Nyika dzakawanda dzinovimba nezvinyorwa zvokuvhota, izvo zvinobvisa vasarendi, vaferi, uye avo vasina kunyoresa kuvhota. Kuwedzera mapepa erezinesi, mapepa emitero, uye manyuko ebetsero dzavose zvinogona kubudisa nzvimbo yakapararira. Dzimwe nyika dzakavamba kubvumira vasiri vatsigiri kuti vabati vemari vabati mumigariro yakaganhurirwa, vachiziva kuti kugara ikoko kwechigaro /h_hakusi kuva mugari wemo wemo.

Kuvandudza Kutsigira Nokutsigira

Kukwira dare redzimhosva kunobhadhara mari shomanene, kudzoserazve ndyiko dzerwendo, uye kugovera kutarisira kwapachena kwavana kana kuti kutarisirwa kwavakuru mukati mebasa kwaizobvisa mhinganidzo dzezvemari. Nyika dzinoverengeka dzakatanga zvikwereti kuraira mushandirwi kubvumira nokuda kwebasa redare rinobetsera vatongi pasina chirango. Muitiro wedare wekurega kubatira dare ramatare ungagona kugadza mupimo wenyika.

Kutaura Nemashoko Akasiyana - siyana Nemajangariko

Mamwe matare zvino anoshandisa “nzvero dzenhema” nenhungamiro yokurangarira yakarongeka kuderedza pesvedzero yohunhu hukuru nerusaruro rwakakwana. Kubvumira vatongi kutumira mibvunzo yakanyorwa nokuda kwezvapupu (netendero yejaji) kunogonawo kuwedzera kuwana maidi. Mukuwedzera, marusando okubvisa matare anobetsera vanzveri navatongi kunzwisisa kuti vatongi vakasvika sei zvisarudzo zvavo, kuchitungamirira kumirairidzo iri nani nemitezo inosarudzwa nedare rinotonga.

mhedziso

Basa reJury rinopfuura musengwa wapamutemo; kuratidzirwa kupenyu kwemipimo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kunopa simba vanhuwo zvavo kuti vatsigire mukutarisirwa kweruramisiro, kunosimbisa nheyo yokuti simba rinobuda munzanga, uye rinovaka chivimbo mukutonga kwomutemo. Bva, iyi sangano rinotarisana netyisidziro chaidzoidzo: kusakendenga kwapachena, tsvusvusvukero yetsika, mhinganidzo dzemari, uye simba rinovhiringidza reruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Kutsigira mipimo yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Tinofanira kusimbisa basa redare rinobetsera kupfurikidza nedzidzo, gadziridza, uye kuchengeta tsika. Nguva iri yose mugari wemo anopindura, anobatira padare rinobetsera dare, uye perero yamaune kuvimbika, democracy inova nguva yemberi yakasimba zvikuru. Kudaridzwa kweruramisiro kunotsamira pakuda kwedu kubatira mutoro iwoyo.