Basa Romutongi: Mitoro Nekariro Mudare

Kubatira somutongi ndeimwe yenzira dzakananga zvikuru mugariwo zvake anotora rutivi mukutarisirwa kweruramisiro. Kure nokuva mucherechedzi asingaiti basa, mutongi anoshanda semuwani weidi mugakava rapamutemo, anopiwa basa noufakazi hunoyera ufakazi, kuyera kuvimbika, uye kushandisa mutemo sewakaraidzwa nomutongi. Basa racho rinova noukoshi hukuru: chisarudzo chejurort chinogona kusarudza rusununguko rwomunhu, nguva yemberi yemari, kana kuti mukurumbira. Kunzwisisa ukoshi hwakazara hwezvinoreva kubatira padare rinobetsera — mitoro, mitoo, rovedzo, nhevedzano, uye mugariro wakafara webasa redare rinotonga — hakukoshaiwirira bedzi avo vanodanwa kubatira asi munhu upi noupi anokoshesa perero yegadziriro yedare.

Nepo vanhu vazhinji vachirangarira basa redare rinobetsera vatongi sechikanganiso, rinoramba riri rekona reruramisiro yedemocracy. U.S. tsika yedare rehurumende inosimbisa kuti majangaridhi "abvumire mugari wemo kuita basa rakananga mukutarisirwa kweruramisiro." Nyaya inopa kupetwa kwakakwana kwebasa rejari, kuvambira panguva yokuranga, kufukidza chinhu chiri chose chinokarirwa kana kuti mutongi wazvinoda kuziva kuita basa ravo nechivimbo neperero.

Mucheri Chii?

Mutongi akasarudzwa munzanga kuti ashande somutezo wedare rinobetsera vatongi — mutumbi wavanhu wakapikirwa kupa chisarudzo chisina chizivano mudare romutemo. Chisarudzo chikuru chegadziriro yedare rinobetsera vatongi ndechokuti boka revagari vemowo zvavo, rakatorwa mumigariro yakasiana, rinogona kubatanidza maidi enhau nenzira yakaenzana zvikuru uye nenzira inotsamira papamutemo kupfuura mutongi mumwe kana kuti mukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende. Iyi nheyo, yakaiswa muSixth neSecondent Amend Amend Rendements yeU.S., inovimbisa kuti zvisarudzo zvapamutemo zvinoratidzira mipimo yenzanga nenzwisiso yavose, kwete bedzi murangariro wehurumende.

Basa guru rajuri nderokuteerera ufakazi hunopiwa pakutongwa, namaune navatongi biyake, uye kusvika chisarudzo chimwe kana kuti chevoruzhinji kuchitsamira parudzi norudzi rwenhau. Mutongi haanzveri mhaka yacho nenzira yakasununguka, kunzvera, kana kuti kutsvaka mashoko kunze. Panzvimbo pezvo, mutongi anotsamira chose chose pane zvinopiwa mudare redare — chipupuriro, zviratidziro, mirairo, uye mirayiridzo yapamutemo. Uku kurangarira pamusoro pechinyorwa ndiko kunoita kuti chisarudzo chedare chive chakarurama nechakarurama.

Mitoro Yomumiririri

Misengwa iyi inotanga nyaya yacho isati yatanga uye inoramba ichiitwa pashure pokunge vatongwa.

Kunyatsoteerera Uchapupu

Mutoro mukurusa womutongi ndewokuteerera ufakazi hwose hunopiwa mukati mokutonga nengwariro isina kukamuraniswa. Ikoku kunobatanidza ufakazi, ufakazi hwenhau, zviratidziro zvezviono, uye zviratidziro zvipi nezvipi zvenziyo kana kuti vhidhiyo. Vadzori vanofanira kushandisa aya mashoko pasina kuachinja kupfurikidza nemirangariro yomunhu oga kana kuti mifungo yakafanofungwa. Kuteerera kunobudirira kunoda kuisa ngwariro, kunyora mashoko (panobvumirwa nomutongi), uye chirango kudzivisa kuita mhedziso nguva isati yasvika ufakazi hwose husati hwapiwa.

Mumuedzo wenguva dzose, ufakazi hunopiwa munhevedzano yakarongeka: kupomera kana kuti kuisa ufakazi kunopa nhau yavo pakutanga, kuchiteverwa nedziviriro. Rutivi rumwe norumwe rungadana zvapupu, kusuma zviratidziro, uye kupa ufakazi hunopesana. Basa rejarimani nderokutora mashoko aya nenzira yakarongwa, kuziva kuti rutivi rumwe norumwe rwoufakazi runowirirana nenhau huru zvikuru. Sezvo New York State Integion Court System[ inopa zano, "Jurress anofanira kuchengeta ndangariro yakazaruka mukati momuedzo, kwete kuumba kana kuti kutaura murangariro kutozosvikira chiitiko chapiwa nokuda kwokurangarira."

Kutevera Mirayiridzo Yomutongi

Mutongi haafaniri kuziva mutemo. Iyoyo inzvimbo yomutongi. Zvisinei, mutongi anofanira kutevera nokungwarira mirayiridzo yepamutemo pamusoro penzira yokushandisa nayo mutemo kumaidi. Iyi miraidzo — inowanzopiwa pamberi pokutonga pakuvamba uyezve — rondedzerai mipimo yapamutemo inofanira kushandiswa. Somuenzaniso, mutongo, mumhaka yetsotsi, mutongi achatsanangura kusava nemhaka, mutoro woufakazi husingapanikirwi nepanikiro ine mufungo, uye mativi chaiwo outsotsi hunopomerwa. Mumhaka yehurumende, mutongi achatsanangura kurangarira kwechiito chenhau nemativi enhau imwe neimwe kana kuti dziviriro.

Basa romutongi nderokushandisa iyi mipimo yapamutemo kuufakazi hwaakanzwa. Kana mutongi akafuratira mirayiridzo yomutongi ndokusarudza mhaka yakavakirwa pazvitendero zvomunhu oga, tsitsi, kana kuti kufungira mano akaipa, chisarudzo chingachinjwa pakukwirira. Tsika dzomuedzo wose dzinotsamira pakutendeka kwedare serakapiwa.

Kuzviita Wega Mukutenda Kwakanaka

Pashure pokugumisa nharo nemirayiridzo yomutongi, vatongi vanorega basa muimba yokutaurirana nyaya yacho vari voga. Kuzvipira muitiro unobatira pamwe umo vatongi vanogoverana tsananguro dzavo dzoufakazi, vanoedzana, uye vashande kuti vabvumirane. Mutongi mumwe nomumwe ane musengwa wokutora rutivi, kuteerera noruremekedzo kune shamwari, uye kudisa kuchinja ndangariro yavo kana vanyengetedzwa nendangariro nerangariro yakanaka.

Kuzvidira haisi kurukurirano inofanira kuhwinwa; ibasa rokutsvaka zvokwadi. Mutongi anoramba kurangarira dzimwe mirangariro kana kuti anodzora kurukurirano anosekesa muitiro wokubvisa rusununguko. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mutongi anongobvuma voruzhinji pasina kutanga murangariro wakasununguka anofuratira mutoro wokubatira nehana. Vavariro yacho chisarudzo chinoratidzira chisarudzo chinorangarirwa kuva chechisarudzo chavatongi vose vejuger, kwete inzwiwo zvaro rine simba zvikurusa mukamuri.

Kuchengeta Chivimbo

Vamiririri vanofanira kuchengeta kurukurirano dzose, ufakazi, uye kurangarira kusvikira chisarudzo chaziviswa mudare rapachena. Ikoku kunoreva kusaisa nzvimbo pasocial media, kusataura kumhuri kana kuti shamwari pamusoro penhau yacho, uye kwete kunzvera kwokunze. Kurasha kunodzivirira kutendeseka kwomuedzo kupfurikidza nokudzivisa pesvedzero dzokunze kushatisa muitiro wokuita chisarudzo chedare. Kunodzivirirawo kuvandika kwamapati nezvapupu. Pashure pokunge kutongwa kwapera, vatongi vanowanzosununguka kukurukura chinoitika chavo, asi kunyange ipapo, matare mazhinji anokurudzira kudzivirira kushatisa chivimbo chapachena muchisarudzo.

Kutyora zvakavanzika kunogona kutungamirira kukuzvidzwa kwemhosva dzedare, faindi, kana kuti munhau dzakanyanyisa, kutonga kusina kururama kunomanikidza mapoka kutangazve muitiro wose wacho pamutengo mukuru kugadziriro yeruramisiro nemapoka.

Kusasarura uye Kudzivisa Mabhiya

Kusarura ibasa rinoyera zvikurusa romutongi. Mutongi anofanira kufuratira rusaruro rwomunhu oga, mirangariro, uye mirangariro yagara iripo pamusoro porudzi rwenhau, mapato, magweta, kana kuti nhau. Ikoku kunobatanidza rudzi, dzinza, rudzidziso, rudzidziso, upfumi, uye rumwe rudzi rupi norupi rwefungira mano akaipa. Kana mutongi akaziva kuti mukati mokutonga havagoni kuva vakarurama nokuda kwechikonzero chipi nechipi, vane musengwa wetsika kuzivisa mutongi.

Kusasarura kunorevawo kudzivisa pesvedzero dzokunze. Mutongi haafaniri kuita nzvero yokuzvimirira paInternet, kushanyira nzvimbo yemhosva, kurava mishumo yenhau pamusoro penhau yacho, kana kuti kubvunza nyanzvi dziri kunze kwedare. Ufakazi bedzi hungarangarirwa hufakazi hunopiwa pakutonga. Iyi ganhuriro haisati iri yakakwana uye haigoni kupiwa.

Kariro Dzomushushi

Kupfuura mitoro yakarongwa, nzanga inokarira vatongi kuzvitungamirira vamene nebasa rounyanzvi, ruremekedzo, uye runako rwevanhu.

Kuremekedza Dare Nevatori Mundima Vose

Dare inzvimbo yakarongwa inodzorwa nemitemo yetsika. Vatongi vanokarirwa kupfeka zvakafanira, kusvika panguva, kunyarara runhare rwavo, uye kudzivisa mufambiro unodzongonyedza. Vanofanira kudana mutongi se “Kukudza Kwako, uye kubata magweta, zvapupu, uye vashandi vedare noruremekedzo. Kuremekedza muitiro wacho kunosimbisa ukombi hwebasa redare uye kuchengeta chiremera chedare.

Kutora Rutivi Runoshingaira Mumaune

Pakurangarira, vatongi vasingashandi avo vakangotaurawo zvavo mhaka kuvamwe vavo uye kumapati. Mutongi ari wose anounza murangariro wakasiana, uye ukoshi hwedare rinobetsera mumhatsa yemirangariro iyoyo. Kutora rutivi kwokushingaira kunoreva kugoverana kunzvera kwako ufakazi, kubvunza mibvunzo yavatongi biyako, uye kutaura kunodenha kunoratidzika kuva kusingaregiki. Hakurevi kuva anokakavara kana kuti kusaremekedza. Kurangarira kwakanakisisa ndiko uko inzwi riri rose rinonzwiwa uye murangariro uri wose unopiwa kunzwiwa zvakanaka.

Kusvika Panguva uye Kupinda

Kutonga kwedare kunoshanda parudungwe rwakasimba. Vatongi vanokarirwa kusvika panguva zuva riri rose rekutongwa, uye kupinda rusando rwuri rwose. Kunonoka kunogona kunonotsa kutonga, kudzongonyedza vatongi, magweta, zvapupu, uye vamwe vatongi, uye mumhaka dzakanyanyisa, zvinoguma nedare rakaipa. Matare anorangarira zvakakomba zvikuru, uye kunonoka kwomuitiro kunogona kutungamirira kukuzvidza zviwanwa kana kuti kutsiviwa nomutongi akasiana.

Kuzarura Mukutonga Kwose

Chimwe chekariro dzakaoma zvikurusa kusvitsa chinodikanwa chokuchengeta ndangariro yakazaruka kutozosvikira ufakazi hwose hwapiwa. Ndokwomuzvarirwo kuti mutongi aumbe chiono chakasimba sechipupuriro chinopedzerwa. Asi basa nderokurerutsa mirangariro iyoyo, kuva anodisa kuidzokorora mukuwirirana noufakazi hwapashure. Mutongi uyo akasarudza ndangariro dzake asati agumisa nharo kana kuti pamberi pomutongi akatoputsa mhiko yokusasarura.

Munhu anobvumawo kuudzwa zvokuita nemitemo, kunyange kana mutemo uchipesana nepfungwa yomunhu oga yokururama. Somuenzaniso, mutongi angadavira somunhu oga kuti mupomeri apomerwa mhaka duku yemirimo anofanira kupiwa mukana wechipiri, asi kana mutemo uchida kupwiswa pahwaro, basa romutongi kutevera mutemo ndokudzorera mutongo unodikanwa namaidi.

Muitiro Wokusarudza: Kuomesa Muviri

Mutongi nagweta vasati vagona kushanda, vanofanira kupukunyuka muitiro wokusarudza unozivikanwa se conoir[[FUT:1]] (shoko rechiFrench rinoreva "kutaura zvokwadi"). Voirjad muitiro uyo mutongi nagwetasi vanopanikira vanokarirwa vatongi vanopanikira kuti vasarudze kukodzera kubatira pasina rusaruro muchinoitika chakati. Uyu muitiro idziviriro yakakomba mukurwisana nechenhema kana kuti neimwe nzira isina kufanira.

Kushanda Kunoita Kufara

Vatongi vanobvira — zvikurukuru vanobva munhevedzo dzevhota, marekodhi erezenisi romuchairi, kana kuti mamwe mapepa avose — vanodanwa kudare ndokuunganidzwa mudziva redare. Mudziva iri, boka rinosarudzwa nenzira isingazivikanwi kuti ribvumwe mudare. Vatongi nagweta vanobvunza mumwe nomumwe anokarirwa nemibvunzo pamusoro pemugariro wavo, zvitendero, uye batano ipi neipi inobvira nenhau kana kuti mapoka.

Mibvunzo inotyisa chaiyo inofukidza misoro yakadai seiyi:

  • Zivo yomunhu oga yenhau yacho, mapati, kana kuti magweta
  • Ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rusati rwaitika negadziriro yapamutemo (sebato, uchapupu, kana kuti mutongi achangobva)
  • Mirangariro yakasimba pamusoro porudzi rwemhaka (muchine muenzaniso, kusazvibata kwamapurisa, kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvokurapa, kuregeredza kwemakambani)
  • Kukwanisa kuva munhu akanaka uye asingasaruri pasinei nezviri kutendwa nomunhu
  • Kutadza kuita zvinhu zvose kungakanganisa kukwanisa kushumira

Chinangwa chacho hachisi chokuwana vatongi vasina kunyorwa — vose vanotonga vanobva muruzivo rwoupenyu uye pfungwa.

Zvinetso Pakusarudza Jury

Vatambi vematare edzimhosva kumativi ose ane kodzero yokudenha vatongi vanokarirwa nokuda kwechisakiso — kureva kuti vanogona kukumbira mutongi kupembedza mutongi akaratidzira rusaruro, rusaruro, kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvisingakwanirisi.

Mukuwedzera, rutivi rumwe norumwe runogoverwa chiverengero chakaganhurirwa chedenho dzinodzivisika, icho chinobvumira gweta kubvisa mutongi pasina kupa chikonzero chipi nechipi. Zvisinei, denho dzinokunda hadzigoni kushandiswa kusarura pahwaro hwedzinza, rudzi, kana kuti dzinza, sezvinotangwa neDare Gurusaimo-soro mu Batson v. Kentucky[ [1986] uye zvinoitika zvinotevera. Kana rutivi runoshora rukafungira rusaruro, dzinogona kumutsa denho, uye mutongi achada boka rinodenha kuti rigove raparirwa nenharo yenhano-murative kana kuti youtmat.

Chisarudzo Chokupedzisira

Pashure pokubvunzurudzwa uye zvinetso, vatongi vokupedzisira vanopiwa nzvimbo inogarwa. Ukuru hwedare rinobetsera vatongi hunosiyana: kutonga kwedare retsotsi kwakawanda kunoshandisa vatongi 12, nepo kutonga kwehurumende kungashandisa 6 kusvikira ku12 zvichitsamira pahurumende. Vatongi vamwe vangasarudzwawo kuti vaenderere kudare kana mutongi wokutanga akarwara kana kuti akarevererwa pakutonga kwacho. Kana mutongi akapikirwa, kutonga kunotanga, uye vatongi vanosungirwa kuti vape chisarudzo chechokwadi chinobva pauchapupu.

Marudzi Ejero

Gadziriro yemitemo inosiyanisa marudzi anoverengeka evatongi akavakirwa parudzi rwenyaya yacho nebasa raanoita.

Magudzanzwi

Vatongi vakuru vanoshanda mudare guru rinobetsera vatongi, mutumbi unounganidzwa kuti usasarudze kuva nemhaka kana kuti kuva asina mhaka, asi kusarudza kana pane chisakiso chinobvira chokupa mhaka mumwe munhu. Kutonga kukuru kwedare kwakavanzika kwakavanzika, uye chipfuro chebvunzurudzo kazhinji kazhinji hachina maruramiro okupa ufakazi kana kuti zvapupu zvinopanwa. Vatongi vakuru vanonzwa ufakazi hunopiwa nomuchuchisi uye vhoti kana vachipa mhaka. Vakuru vatongi vanoshanda chaizvoizvo kwenguva refu zvikuru — mwedzi inoverengeka — uye vanonzwa nhau dzakawanda.

Majeri Anodzivirira

Vatongi vamagandanga vanonziwo vatongi vokutonga — ndivo vanofungwawo navanhu vazhinjisa apo vanonzwa shoko rokuti "jura". Vanobatira pakutonga kumwe, vanonzwa ufakazi, uye vanopa chisarudzo. Vatongi vapatutsi vanoshandiswa muzvose zviri zviviri mhaka dzoutsotsi nedzehurumende. Mumhaka yeutsotsi, vatongi vanotonga vanosarudza kana mupomeri ane mhaka yemhosva kana kuti asina mhaka. Mumhaka yevagari vemo, vatongi vanosarudza kuva nemhaka uye, mune dzimwe zviitiko, chitsama chekuvadziko.

Vatongi Vavagari Vemo

Vatongi vehurumende vanonzwa gakava pakati pemapati avanhu vamwe navamwe — mabhizimisi, kana kuti masangano ehurumende — apo mupurisa anotsvaka muripo kana kuti imwe mishonga, kwete chirango choutsotsi. Mhaka dzavagari vemo dzinobatanidza kutaura kuvadziko yomunhu oga, kuputswa kwekakavadzano dzebvumirano, makakatanwa ezvinhu, uye mutemo webasa unotaura. Mutoro wezvibvumikiso mumhaka yavagari vemo wakaderera kupfuura mumhaka youtsotsi: zvikurukuru kufutunurwa kwoufakazi (zvinobvira zvikuru kupfuura kusadaro). Vatongi vomunyika vanoshandisawo mipimo yakasiana yapamutemo uye vangakumbirwa kugovera mhaka pakati pamabato akawanda.

Vapari Vematsotsi

Vatongi vemhosva vanonzwa mhosva dzakaunzwa nehurumende kana kuti dzehurumende mukurwisana nomupomerwi wemhosva. Mapango akakwirira: mutongo une mhaka unogona kutungamirira kutongerwa, faindi, kutongwa, kunyange rufu. Vapomeri vanofanira kubvumikisa mhaka yomukwiridziridziri pasina panikiro ine mufungo, mupimo wakakwirira weufakazi mugadziriro yapamutemo. Vatongi vedare vanofanirawo kushandisa chisakiso chokuva asina mhaka, uko kunoreva kuti mupomeri wacho anorangarirwa kuva asina mhaka kusvikira ava nemhosva, uye kusava nechokwadi kupi nokupi kune mufungo kunofanira kuguma nokuwanwa kwemhosva.

Mukati Mekutonga: Rwendo Rwenhano RweJero Nenhanho

Kunzwisisa zvinoitika chaizvoizvo mukati momuedzo kunobetsera vatongi kuita basa ravo nechivimbo.

Kutaura Kwokuzarura

Pakutanga kwokutonga, rutivi rumwe norumwe runobudisa mashoko okuzarura. Muchuchisi kana kuti mumiriri wegweta wegweta anotanga kuenda, achionesa ufakazi hwavanoda kupa nenhau yavachataura. Kuzvidzivirira kungapawo mashoko okuzarura, kunyange zvazvo kusati kuchidikanwa. Kutaura kwokuzarura hakusi ufakazi; inyasha. Vatongi vanofanira kuteerera nokungwarira asi kuchengetedza rutongeso.

Kuratidzwa Ufakazi

Uyu ndiwo musimboti wemhosva. Mutongi angapa nhau yavo pakutanga, kudana zvapupu nokusuma zviratidziro. Kudzivirira kune mukana wokuyambuka chapupu chimwe nechimwe. Pashure pokunge mutongi amira, dziviriro ingapa mhaka yake amene, kubatanidza zvapupu noufakazi. Mutongi ipapo angapa ufakazi hunopa ufakazi. Pakarepo, mutongi anotonga pamusoro pezvirambidzo zvinobva kugweta, uye vatongi vanofanira kutevera zvisarudzo zvomutongi pamusoro pezvingarangarirwa.

Kutaura Kunopfiga

Pashure pokunge ufakazi hwose hwapiwa, rutivi rumwe norumwe runobudisa nharo. Iri ibanza regweta rokupeta ufakazi, kusimbisa mapfundo makuru, uye kupikisana chikonzero nei vatongi vachifanira kuwana nyasha dzavo. Kusafanana nokutaura kwokuzarura, nharo dzokugumisa dzingabatanidza kutaura kwokunyengetedza nenyengedzo dzemirangariro, asi hadzisati dziri ufakazi. Varwi vanofanira kuvakira chisarudzo chavo paufakazi hwavakanzwa, kwete pakutaura kwegweta.

Mirayiridzo Yechikoro

Mirayiridzo iyi inorondedzera zvinotevedzerwa kana kuti zvinopomerwa, mutoro wokutsigira, uye dziviriro dzipi nedzipi. Varwi vanofanira kunyora manotsi okungwarira paiyi mirayiridzo. Mumatare akawanda, mutongi anogovera kopi yakanyorwa yemirayiridzo yokuti vatongi vanyorere pakuronga.

Kusarudza Nokupa Mhosva

Vatongi vanorega basa mukamuri rapachivande ndokusarudza mutungamiriri kuti atungamirire kurukurirano. Vatongi vanogona kutora maawa kana kuti mazuva. Vanoongorora ufakazi, vanokurukura mipimo yapamutemo, uye vhoti. Mumhaka zhinjisa dzoutsotsi, chisarudzo chinofanira kuva chimwe. Munhau dzehurumende, dzimwe hurumende dzinobvumira chisarudzo chavazhinji. Kana vatongi vasingagoni kusvika chisarudzo, chinonzi "hung jaji," uye dare risiri iro ringaziviswa, izvo zvingatungamirira kutongwazve nedare idzva.

Matambudziko Anotarisana Nawo Nevaya Vari Kurwara

Kuziva zvinetso izvi kunobatsira vatongi kuti vagadzirire zvinhu chaizvo zvinobatanidzwa mubasa uye kuti vazvitarisire nenzira inobudirira.

Zvinodiwa Mupfungwa Nepfungwa

Mimwe miedzo inobatanidza ufakazi hwakajeka, ufakazi hunokangaidza, kana kuti nhau dzemirangariro zvikuru — zvikurukuru idzo dzinobatanidza masimba masimba, kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana, kana kuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano — dzingava nedzvinyiriro, funganyo, kana kuti kunyange njodzi. matare mazhinji anopa betsero dzokupa zano nokuda kwamatare anoda tsigiro pashure pomuedzo wakaoma. Kunokosha kuti vatongi vabvume aya mirangariro ndokutsvaka betsero kana kuchidikanwa.

Nguva Nokuzvipira Mune Zvemari

Basa reJury rinogona kuva renguva dzokupedzisira, vhiki, kana kuti kunyange mwedzi mumhaka dzakaoma. Nepo vamwe vashandirwi vachibhadhara vashandi mukati mebasa redare rinobetsera vatongi, vakawanda havadaro. Mari inobhadharwa zuva nezuva nedare kazhinji kazhinji ine mwero uye ingasafukidza mibhadharo yakarasika kana kuti ndyiko dzavana. Uyu mutoro wemari unogona kuva mukuru, zvikurukuru kuva kuva dare rinobhadharwa mari shoma. Mamwe masangano akatora nhano kuti awedzere muridzi wedare kana kuti ape kusunungura nhamo, asi kuoma kuri pakati pebasa renyika neidi remari kunoramba kuri nhau inopfuurira.

Mapoka Anoita Mabhuku

Vatongi vangaedza kushayisa simba kuti vanzwiwe; vamwe vatongi vangasada kuchinja nzvimbo yavo kunyange zvazvo vaine uchapupu hunopwisa. Vatongi vanobudirira vanodzidza kutaura maonero avo noruremekedzo, kuteerera nokushingaira, uye kushanda kuti vabvumirane pasina kukanganisa kwavo.

Kutapura Kwebasa reJury Pagadziriro Yeruramisiro

Gadziriro yedare rinobetsera vatongi haina kukwana, asi ndimumwe wemiitiro inovimbwa zvikurusa yokupedza nayo makakatanwa munzanga yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Juries anounza mipimo yenzanga mudare, anogovera cheki yesimba redare nerokutonga, uye anopa pamutemo kumiuyo yemitongo. Nzvero nguva dzose dzakaratidza kuti vatongi vanorangarira mabasa avo zvakakomba uye kuti ruzhinji rwezvisarudzo runosanotsigirwa noufakazi.

Uyezve, basa redare rinobetsera vatongi rine dzidzo yehurumende. Vagari vanobatira padare redare vanowana nzwisiso huru zvikuru yemashandire anoita gadziriro yemitemo, kukura chivimbo chikuru mumatare, uye kazhinji kazhinji kushuma kuti vakaita mupiro une revo kunzanga yavo. Se American Bar Association inotsinhira, "Sangano redare rinobetsera zvikuru muhurumende yedu inosarudzwa navanhu uye nzira yakananga zvikurusa yokuti vagari vemo vatsi vatsi vatsive mukutarisirwa kweruramisiro."

mhedziso

Basa romutongi iropafadzo uye mutoro mukuru. Kubvira panguva yokukumbirwa kupiwa kwechisarudzo, vatongi ndivo musengwa wegadziriro yokutonga. Vanokumbirwa kuteerera nokungwarira, kufunga nokungwarira, kuisa parutivi mirangariro yomunhu oga, uye kushanda pamwe navamwe kuti vasvike chisarudzo chakarurama nechisina ruramisiro. Kariro dzinoiswa pavatongi dzakakwirira, asi dzinewo mufungo: kuremekedza dare, kutora rutivi runoshingaira, kuchengeta nguva, uye musengwa wakatsiga kuufakazi nomutemo.

Kubatira somutongi hakusi nyore nguva dzose. Kunogona kuva kupedza nguva, kunetsa mundangariro, uye kushatiswa mune zvemari. Bva ichiri rimwe ramabasa anokosha zvikurusa evagari vemo anogona kuitwa nomugari wemo. Tsika dzeruramisiro dzinotsamira pavanhuwo zvavo vanoda kupinda mudare, kuita mhiko, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvakaoma zvinotapura upenyu hwavamwe. Kunzwisisa mitoro nekariro zvomutongi inhano yokutanga kukuita basa iroro norukudzo uye kukwanisika.

Kugadzirira kwakanakisisa kune vaya vanokumbirwa kuti vashumire, kuri nyore: kuuya uine pfungwa yakazaruka, uchida kudzidza, uye unoda kururamisira.