Bazu reGuta Rinodzora rehurumende yeUnited States injini inochinja mutemo kuva chiito. Nepo Congress achinyora mitemo uye matare achiidudzira, iBazu RinoMutungamiriri rinoiparadza chaizvoizvo (jere) richiita basa rezuva nezuva rokutonga rudzi rwavanhu vane mamirioni 330. Bazu iri rinobatanidza Purezidhendi, Mutungamiriri, Purezidhendi, Kabhineti, uye mubatanidzwa mukuru wemasangano ehurumende nedhipatimendi. Kunzwisisa kuti rinoshanda sei kunokosha nokuda kwomugari upi noupi anoda kunzwisisa kuti basa rehurumende rinoshanda sei, kuti miitiro inotapura sei upenyu hwavo, uye kuti simba rinoitwa sei mukunzvera.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo yeBazu Rinotungamirira

Bazu roMutungamiriri rinoumbwa mu Article II yeBumbiro reMitemo reU. Kusafanana neChikamu I (Conret) icho chiri chakarefu uye chine udzame, Chikamu II chipfupi zvikuru, kupa Purezidhendi "Simba rinotonga" uye kumupomera kuti adzorerwe kuti Mitemo ipetwe nenzira yakatendeka. Ichi chirevo chakafanana chakashandurwa zvikuru mumazana maviri amakore, kuchipa kukwidziridza nyika hurusa yehurumende nehurumende ine simba. Bumbiro reMitemo harisati richidudza zvakajeka simba riri rose roukurusaro; panzvimbo pezvo, rinogovera gadziriro yakakudziridza kupfurikidza nokushandisa, Dare gurusaro, uye kutumira zviremera.

Gadziriro huru dzebumbiro remitemo dzinosanganisira:

  • Purezidhendi anobatira shoko ramakore mana uye anosarudzwa kupfurikidza neElectoral College (Article II, Chikamu 1).
  • Purezidhendi ndiye Mutungamiriri wemauto ane zvombo (Article II, Chikamu 2).
  • Purezidhendi ane simba rokuita zvibvumirano (nezano reDare nebvumirano) uye kugadza nhume, vatongi vomubatanidzwa, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru (Article II, Chikamu 2).
  • Purezidhendi anofanira kupa mashoko eCongress pamusoro pehurumende yomubatanidzwa wacho ndokurumbidza matanho (Article II, Chikamu 3).

Nokuda kworugwaro rwakazara, shanyira [[FLT: 0] Tsamba yeNhetembo yeNyika yeBumbiro reMitemo.

Mabasa eCore eBazu raVatungamiriri

Mutungamiriri weBazu anoita mitemo, asi kutaura ikoko kunofukidza mhatsa huru yemibato. Heano mabasa makuru akaputsika:

Kurayirwa uye Kushandiswa

Kana Congress yangopfuudza mutemo uye Purezidhendi akauisa chiratidzo mumutemo, Bazu Rine Mutevedzeri rine mutoro wokuushandisa. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuita mirau, kubudisa nhungamiro, uye kutungamirira zviito zvokuchengetedza. Somuenzaniso, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inonyora mitemo ine udzame yokushandisa Clean Air Act, uye Internal Revenue Service (IRS) inounganidza mitero pasi peInter Reveneve. FYP]

Kutarisirwa kweHurumende

Vapamberi veBazu reGumi reBazi vanotarisira mabasa ezuva nezuva ehurumende yehurumende. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvose kubva pakuendesa tsamba (USPS) kusvika kukutarisira nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu (National Park Service) kuiitisa nzvero yesayenzi (NIH, NASA). Hurumende inoshandisa vashandi vasiri varwi vanenge mamiriyoni 2,1 (kuendesa tsamba nehondo yakapfeka yunifomu) mumazana emasangano nemabasa akaderera.

Kutsvaka Nhau Dzokunze Kwenyika Nokushaya Mazano

Purezidhendi ndiye mumiriri mukuru worudzi. Bhizi reGurukota rinodzorwa neHurumende, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza neBato reHurumende, rinotaurirana, rinoita zvibvumirano, rinotarisira zvibvumirano, uye rinomirira fariro dzeU.S. Purezidhendi anewo simba rokuziva hurumende dzokumwe uye kupinda muzvibvumirano zvehurumende (zvisingadi kuti Dare ritenderwe). National Security Council inoronga muitiro wokumwe nenhau dzouchenjeri.

Murayiro Wehondo Nokuchengeteka Kwenyika

Purezidhendi, saMutungamiriri weChief, anotarisira mauto eU.S. ane zvombo, anobatanidza Hondo, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Space Force, uye Dare reGuva reGuva. Nepo Congress inozivisa hondo nemari zvehondo, Purezidhendi anotungamirira mabasa ehondo, anotuma mauto, uye anobvumira kushandiswa kwechisimba. Dhipatimendi reDefense isangano reBazi reGuru reBazi reGuru reBazi nemari yaro rinodzosesaidzorwa nevashandi.

Kuronga Kutonga Nokudzorera

Mitemo yakawanda inopfuudzirwa neCongress mitsara mikuru inoda mitemo ine udzame kuti ishande. Bazu reBazu reBazi rinopa mitemo kupfurikidza neAdministrative Procedia Act, inoda kuti masangano apedze mitemo inokarakadzwa, agamuchire tsinhiro dzavose, uye mirau yokupedzisira. Iyi mirau ine simba romutemo kutoti yakundwa nematare kana kuti yapunzwa neCongresssionation Review Act.

Kuvakwa Kwebazu Rine Chinzvimbo Chikuru

Bazu Rinotungamirira harisi dare rimwe chete; iboka revafundisi rakaoma rine zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana, rimwe nerimwe rine mabasa nemitoro zvakarondedzerwa.

Purezidhendi

Purezidhendi mukuru mukuru wehurumende, mukuru wehurumende, uye chiso chokufananidzira cherudzi. Kupfuvura mabasa ebumbiro remitemo akatodudzwa, Purezidhendi ane simba risina kurongwa rinokosha: kugadza purogiramu yenyika kupfurikidza neHurumende yeSangano reUnion, kubudisa mirairo yavakuru vakuru inotungamirira kuti mitemo inopetwa sei, uye kuumba murangariro wavose kupfurikidza nezvitarisiko zvenhau. Zvinorayira zvine chiremera chishandiso chine simba, asi zvinogona kuganhurirwa neBumbiro remitemo uye zvinogona kuchinjwa neDare remitemo kana kuti matare. Nokuda kwendazati yezvirevo zvose zvehurumende, ona [[FLT:] FEdaral Registery] ramastery yemist database yezvoukuru.

Mutungamiriri weHurumende Aiva Mutongi

Mutungamiriri weSangano reSangano reSangano reHurumende ane mabasa maviri: (1) kutsiva Purezidhendi kana kuri madikanwa (pamberi pePendement yechi25), uye (2) kubatira saPrezidhendi weDare, uko vanogona kuvhota zvivhoti zvinoparadza zvisungo. Mubasa, Mutungamiriri weSangano anoshandisawo migove yemitemo, anomirira tarisiro pazvinoitika, uye anopa zano Purezidhendi. Mutevedzeri wazvino uno ava anopesvedzera zvikuru kupfuura vatangi vairangarirwa pakuvamba.

Kabhineti

Kabhini ine vakuru vemadhipatimendi 15 anotarisira (vawadhi vehurumende) nevamwe vakuru vakuru venzvimbo yedare (zvakadai seWhite House of Staff neU.S. Trade Declaration). Bazi rimwe nerimwe rine mutoro nokuda kwenzvimbo chaiyo yemitemo. Madhipatimendi azvino ndeaya:

  • Hurumende
  • Mari
  • Dziviriro
  • Mutongi (akaiswa musoro noMutungamiriri Wevatongi)
  • Mukati
  • Kurima
  • Kutengeserana
  • Basa
  • Utano Nemabasa Avanhu
  • Dzimba Nokufambira Mberi Mumataundi
  • Zvekufambisa
  • Simba
  • Dzidzo
  • Nhau Dzevaeni
  • Kuchengeteka Kwenyika Yomusha

Vanoungana nguva dzose naPurezidhendi kuti vape zano pamusoro pemitemo uye varongedze kuitwa kwemasangano ose.

Nhungamiro Dzinozvimirira Nemasangano Ehurumende

Masangano ose eBazi AneGwaro revamiririri ari rutivi rwedhipatimendi rekabhineti.Ndedadada yakadai seCIA, EPA, NASA, uye Securities and Exchange Commission (Masangano eSangano reSangano rePrecial) anoshanda nemwero wakati kuti kuti kuvadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Masangano ehurumende, kufanana nePropal Service neAmtrak, anoshanda semabhizimisi asi ndeehurumende. Masangano aya achiri rutivi rweBhazi reGumi reGumi uye anozvidavirira pakupedzisira kuPurezi.

Hofisi Yeimba Yevachena neHofisi Inotungamirira yaPurezidhendi

Office yeProfesiti yePurezidhendi (EOP) ine masangano anotsigira Purezidhendi zvakananga, zvakadai seHofisi Yokutarisira uye Dhandhimendi (OMB), National Security Council (NSC), Council of Economic Advisers, uye White House Office (inobatanidza mukuru wevashandi, munyori wepepanhau, uye boka rekurukurirano). Masangano iwaya anobetsera Purezidhendi kutarisira dare rehurumende rinopamhindirwa uye kutanga muitiro.

Kupindira Kunoita Bazu Nemamwe Mapazi

Sangano reSangano Rinopa Zvigaro Zvikuru rine simba uye rinodzvinyirira.

Mitemo Yakarovedzwa

  • Congress inodzora mifungo yechikwama. Bazu reGuidhiyoni harigoni kupedza mari pasina kudzorwa neCongress. Ikoku kunopa Congress simba guru kupfuura zvinhu zvokutanga.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chibvumikiso: Dare rinosimbisa kugadzwa kwevakuru vakuru, kubatanidza vanyori veKibstanti, vatongi vomubatanidzwa, uye nhume.
  • [ Kutevedzerwa: Imba inogona kushatisa mutungamiriri kana kuti vamwe vakuru vakuru ve "Triba dzakakwirira neMisdemiors," uye Dare rinotonga. Uku ndiko kunzvera kwokupedzisira pakushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba.
  • Kupasa:[ matare eCongress anogona kuva nokutongwa, kubudiswa kwenhau, uye kunzvera zviito zvebazu ravakuru vakuru. Zvirongwa zvinofanira kushuma kuCongress pamibato yazvo.
  • [ Kukura: Congress inogona kukurira dare rapurezidhendi nevhoti yezvitatu zviviri mumakamuri ose ari maviri.

Kudzvinyirirwa Kwokutonga

  • [[FLT: 0] Tsvunuro yejekiseni:[[FTL:1] matare eFederal anogona kurova zviito zvehurumende zvinoputsa Bumbiro remitemo kana kuti kudarika chiremera chomutemo. Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa mu Pwerestown Comment Comment & Lamp; Tube. V. Sawyer[ [1952] simba rakatanhamara rapurezidhendi kupfurikidza nokurova Purezidhendi Truman mu [FLT]
  • Injuntent: Matare anogona kubudisa mirairo yechinguvana inodzivisa zviito zvevakuru vakuru apo nhau dzinopfuurira.
  • [[FOL:0] Dare reHabeas corpus: rinohwirudzura kuva pamutemo kwetorongo kunoitwa noMutungamiriri, kubatanidza vasungwa paGuantanamo Bay.

Masangano Ane Simba Anonzvera Mamwe Mapazi

  • Simba reVETO: Purezidhendi anogona kuramba mutemo, achimanikidzira Congress kuchinja mutezo kana kuti kuedza kudzora.
  • Mirairo nekamuri: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kutungamirira masangano kuita zviito chaizvo, izvo zvingaumba muitiro pasina mutemo mutsva.
  • Simba rePurezidhendi: Mutungamiriri anogona kupa kanganwiro nokuda kwemhaka dzomubatanidzwa, achigovera cheki pamitongo yekutonga uye muchuchisi.
  • Simba Rokugadza: kupfurikidza nokusarudza vatongi vomubatanidzwa (kubatanidza vatongi veDare Rapamusorosoro) navakuru vakuru vakuru, Purezidhendi anoumba mutongi nesangano kwamakore pashure pokubva pahofisi.

Basa Regadziriro Dzezvirongwa Muupenyu Hwezuva Riri Rose

Vanhu vokuAmerica vakawanda vanokurukurirana neBazi Rinotungamirira kakawanda kupfuura zvavanofunga.

  • Tranportation Security Administration (TSA): Vatakuri panhandare dzendege kuti vamanikidze mitemo yechengeteko yendege.
  • Sacial Security Administration (SSA): Vafundisi vanorega basa, urema, uye vakapukunyuka vanobetserwa namamirioni eAmerica.
  • Food and Drug Administration (FDA): inosimbisa kuti zvokudya zvatinodya uye mirimo yatinoshandisa zvakakotsekana uye zvinoshanda.
  • Nenyika yeMamiriro okunze (NWS): Inogovera kudeya kutaura nenyevero dzemamiriro okunze zvinoponesa upenyu nezvinhu.
  • [[NHAU]] [1] kurukurirano dzechinyakare (FCC): inodzosa redhiyo, terevhizheni, waya, satellite, uye kurukurirano dzetambo.

Aya masangano anoshandisa uchenjeri hwakati mukududzira mitemo, uko kuri chikonzero nei muitiro wokuita mitemo uchisanocherekedzwa kwazvo neindasitiri, mapoka okudzora, uye mapepanhau. Nokuda kwebumbiro remitengo yose, shanyirai .gov rati yamasangano ehurumende.

Utongi Hwehurumende: Simba Nokutsoropodza

Basa rehurumende rechigarire, rebasa mukati meBazu reGuiaunt Branch rinogovera kupfuurira nounyanzvi. Vashandi vebasa vanoramba vari munzvimbo dzavo kunyange sezvo vatarisiri vanochinja, vachivimbisa kuti hurumende inogona kushanda mukati mekuchinja. Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti sangano rinogona kuva rinononoka, risingawirirani nokuchinja, uye risingawirirani nevhoti. Kukakavadzana pakati pavanogadzwa vezvematongerwe enyika (vanoda kuita zvirongwa zvaPungererisita) navashandi vebasa (vangaronga mipimo yesangano) ndiwo musoro unodzokorokorodzazverwa muhurumende yazvino uno.

Miitiro yokutarisira yehurumende inobatanidza Office of Management and Baccultural (iyo inohwirudzura mitemo yesangano nebhajeti), muongorori mukuru (anonzvera tsvina, kubiridzira, uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira), uye Office yeHurumende Yokuzvidavirira (inoongorora mapurogiramu ehurumende eCongress).

Makepi uye Kudzikama Mumuitiro: Mienzaniso Yazvino Uno

Kuti unzwisise kuti tsika yacho inoshanda sei munguva chaiyo, funga nezvokufambidzana kuchangobva kuitwa uku:

  • [[FLT: 0] Conrenoral poenas: Apo vakuru vakuru vebazu vanoramba kubatira pamwe nenzvero, matare pane dzimwe nguva anopindira. Somuenzaniso, Dare Gurusa rakasarudza muna 2020 kuti vaPrezidhendi havana dziviriro yakakwana kubva kutsotsi rehurumende (Trump v. ).
  • Mirairo inodzorwa nedenho dzedare: Mirairo yavakuru vakuru inoverengeka inobva kumiitiro yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi yakavharwa kana kuti kuchinjwa nematare ehurumende, ichiratidzira basa redare redare mukunzvera simba revakuru vakuru.
  • Impundament Control Act: Muna 1974, Congress yakaganhurira simba raPurezidhendi rokuramba kushandisa mari yakafanira (chitsama), ichiraira Purezidhendi kutsvaka tendero yesangano pamberi pokunyima mari. Iyi yakanga iri mhinduro yakananga kukushandiswa kwaPrezidhendi Nixon kugadziridza zvinhu zvinokosha zvemitemo.

Chikonzero Nei Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri Richikosha Kwauri

Nguva iri yose yaunokumbira kuti uwane pasipoti, kugamuchira cheki yeSocial Security, cherechedza chiyeuchidzo chezvokudya, kana kuti boka rendege, uri kubetserwa ne (kana kuti kushandira pamwe) Bazu reGuta Rinotungamirira. Purezidhendi anogadza mashoko nenhungamiro, asi zviuru zvavashandi vehurumende vari mumasangano munyika yose vanoputsa mitemo. Kunzwisisa iri bazi kunokupa simba rokuita kuti upinde nehurumende yako / $8backy kupfurikidza nokuvhota muvhotaro yapurezidhendi, kutsinhira pamiraurongwa, kukurukura nenhume dzako pamusoro pezviito zvesangano, kana kuti kunyange kutoshandisa basa romubatanidzwa wehurumende. Brantstabhuro raMakurusaro hausi mumiriro iri kure; igadziriro yehurumende yeAmerica, inoshanda zuva riripo kuti ive pamutemo.

Nokuda kwokupinda kwakadzama zvikuru mumashandire anoita Bazu reGuru, White House inogovera nhepfenyuro yapamutemo pa House.gov. Unogonawo kunzvera USA. gov peji pamapazu matatu ehurumende nokuda kwezviwanikwa zvokuwedzera.

mhedziso

Bazu reGuta Rinopa ngwariro ndiro rinooneka zvikurusa uye kazhinji kazhinji rine simba zvikurusa pamapazu matatu ehurumende. Nepo vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vachitya mukuru mukuru, vakazivawo kudikanwa kwechiremera chimwe kuti chitsigire mitemo, kuraira mauto, uye mufambiro wokumwe. Mumazana maviri amakore, dzikamo yachinja, uye Bazu reBazu reBazi reBasa rinoLanga raMakuru rakura zvikuru uye rava nesimba. Kunyange zvakadaro rinoramba richidzorwa nechero kuvakuru vakuru vakuru veHurumende, unenge wakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuti pave nehurumende yako.