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Chii Chinonzi Electoral College? Nhungamiro Yakakwana KuAmerica Muitiro Wokusarudza Wakawanda

Makore mana ari ose, vaAmerica vanotora rutivi mumuitiro wehurumende yeruzhinji unovhiringidza vazhinji uye unokangaidza vamwe: kuvhotera kwapurezidhendi kupfurikidza ne Electoral College panzvimbo pokunangidzira vhoti yakakurumbira. Iyi tsika yamakore 235 yagara yakapa mapurezidhendi mashanu avo vakarasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira, ngwariro yengwariro pachiverengero chiduku chenyika dzinotenderera, uye yakatanga kurukurirano isingagumi pamusoro perusarudzo. Bva inoramba iri mutoo wemitemo wokusarudza mutungamiriri mukuru weAmerica, gadziriro dzokuumba, mavhotera, uye mugariro umene wezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kunzwisisa urezvi Electoral College inoshanda [ hakusati kuri kungoda kuziva kwedzidzo chete (inokosha kunzwisisa chikonzero nei nhimbe yavadavidzi vemapurezidhendi kwadzinodaro, nei mavhoti achiratidzika kuva ane basa kupfuura mamwe, uye nei nhamburiko dzokuchinja dzichikundikana kakawanda pasinei zvapo netsigiro yavose yechinjo. Iyi nhungamiro ine revo yakakwana inonzvera makambani eElectal College, nhau, betsero, zvisakiso, uye gakavadzano dzinopfuurira kuita kuti ive zvichida sangano renyika yenyika yedemocracy.

Zvidzidzo Zvinotsanangurwa

Kushandiswa Kwebumbiro Remitemo

Electoral College idare ravavhoti 538] vanosarudza nenzira yakarongwa Purezidhendi naMutungamiriri weUnited States. Panzvimbo pehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakananga apo muvhoti anowana, America inoshandisa iri boka revatsigiri iro Vavambi vakaumbwa muChikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo, gare gare gare yakachinjwa neProfesi ye12 Redermende.

Gadziriro inomirira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati pezviono zvitatu zvinokwikwidzana paConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo:

  • Kusarudza kunoitwa neCongress (kurambidza kudzora mutemo pamusoro pomukuru mukuru)
  • Vhoti yakakurumbira yakananga (iyo nyika duku dzaitya yaizovaderedza)
  • Chisarudzo chehurumende (chinochengeta hurumende asi chichiganhurira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu)

Electoral College yakabuda sechibvumirano chehurumende chokubvumirana, ichidzikamisa pesvedzero yehurumende nesimba rehurumende uye ichiparira chipukunyuko pakati pavanhu nehurumende (icho Alexander Hamilton akadana kuti dziviriro mukurwisana ne "chinetso nenyongano.)

Kubatanidzwa Kunoita Miti Yemari

Nyika imwe neimwe inogamuchira vhoti dzakaenzana nemhedziso yayo yose yeCongress :

  • 2 Vasarudzi vayo (Hurumende yose ine maviri)
  • Mamwe mavhoti akaenzana nevamiririri vayo vepaImba (vagari vemo vanoitwa nevagari vemo)
  • Washington D.C. anowana mavhoti 3 akasarudzwa kupfurikidza ne 23 Demendment

Iyi nzira inoita mhatsa inofadza. California, nyika ine vanhu vakawanda zvikurusa, ine mavhoti 54 (52 Vamiririri + 2 Sanitors) nokuda kwavanhu 39 mamirioni(87 000) vagari vepoti imwe chete. Whoming ine vhoti 3 dzavanhu 580 000 pa 193 000. Ikoku kunoreva kuti muvhoti weWyoming ane chinenge [.7 kanopfuura Elctoral College pesvedzero yepage [

Nhamba Yamashiripiti: 270

With 538 total electoral votes, a candidate needs an absolute majority of 270 to win the presidency. This isn't just a plurality—finishing first isn't enough. You need more than half, which becomes crucial in close elections or when third-party candidates win electoral votes.

Kana pasina mutsigiri anosvika 270 (asati aitika chifo cha 1824), sarudzo inoenda kuImba Yavamiririri, uko nhume imwe neimwe yehurumende inowana vhoti imwe pasinei zvapo noukuru — ichipa Wyom simba rakaenzana neCalifornia mukusarudza purezidhendi.

Kushanda Kunoita Electoral College: Muitiro Wakazara

Danho 1: Kusarudza kwaNovember

Apo vaAmerica vanovhota nokuda kwapurezidhendi, ivo chaizvoizvo vavhotera muvhoti wavavhoti vakavimbisa kurangana. Vavhoti ava vanowanzoti:

  • Vatsigiri veboka navatsigiri
  • Vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vehurumende
  • Vatungamiriri vebato rehurumende
  • Vanhu vakabatana nomunhu anoda kubhabhatidzwa

Vavhoti vazhinjisa havatongozivi kuti ava vavhoti ndevapi, -- mazita avo haawanzooneka pamapepa. Panzvimbo pezvo, mavhota anoratidza mazita avada kugadzwa, nenzwisiso yokuti kuvhota nokuda kwomuvhotisi wavo kunoreva kuvhotera vavhota.

Nhano 2: Nyika Paji neChitarwa

inopa mitongo inotsiva D.C. shandisa masangano okuwana-arose umo mutsigiri anogamuchira mavhoti akawanda zvikurusa (nyange kana asiri mazhinjisa) anowana mavhoti ose ehurumende. Masangano maviri bedzi anosiana:

MAINE naNebraska anoshandisa [ mutoo woruwa [

  • 2 vhoti dzinosarudzwa dzinoenda kumukundi wenyika yose
  • Mavhoti akasarudzwa asara anopiwa neruwa rwesangano
  • Izvi zvinogona kuparadzanisa mavhoti akasarudzwa nehurumende (sezvakaitika muMaine muna 2016 uye 2020, Nebraska muna 2008 uye 2020)

Gadziriro yokukunda inoumba nenzira inoshamisa nzira yenhimbe. Kuwina California 50.1% kusvikira ku 49.9% kunopa mavhoti 54 anosarudzwa sokuwina 70% kusvikira ku 30%. Ikoku kukurudzira vanoda kukwikwidza kuisa ngwariro pamaruwa nepo vachifuratira Hurumende "dziridziko".

Nhano 3: Musangano weElectoral College waDecember

PaChipiri chokutanga pashure peChitatu chechipiri muna December, vavhoti vanosangana mudzimbahwe rehurumende yavo kuti vavhote. Uku hakusi kuungana kwerudzi. (8) hakuna musangano mumwe we "Electoral College". Panzvimbo pezvo, misangano 51 yakaparadzana inoitika panguva imwe cheteyo.

Nyika dzakawanda dzinosunga zviri pamutemo vavhoteri vevavhoti kuti vasarudze kupfurikidza nemitoo yakasiyana - siyana:

  • [ mitemo yeruwa[ inoda kutendeka (masangano 33 pamwe ne D.C.)
  • [ Mitemo yokuvhota kusina kutenda inobatanidza faindi inosvika $10 000]
  • Urongwa hwokutsiva hunobvumira vamwe vavhoti kutsiva vasaruri vasina kutenda
  • [[[FRANT:0]Pregita [ pamberi pokuisa urongwa pauri

Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa muna 2020 mu Chiafalo v. Washington yakatsigira maruramiro ehurumende okushandisa zvipikirwa zvokusarudza, nenzira inobudirira kugumisa chinoitika chakatoitika chavasarudzi vasina kutenda chinochinja miuyo.

Nhano 4: Kuverenga Masangano uye Kusimbisa

Pana January 6, Joint Session of Congress inotora vhoti dzinosarudzwa, purezidhendi anotungamirira, dzimwe nguva achitofanira kuzivisa kukundwa kwavo vamene, sezvakaita Al Gore muna 2001 uye Mike Pence muna 2021.

Muitiro wacho unowanzofamba zvakanaka, asi Electoral Count Act ya1887 (yakavapo muna 2022) inogovera miitiro yokuramba:

  • Zvinhu zvinoda kutsigirwa nekamuri rimwe chete kana hafu
  • Kukakavadzana kwemaawa maviri kana kuti kwekamuri rimwe nerimwe
  • Vose vanofanira kuvhota kuti vatsigire kuramba kuramba vhoti dzinosarudzwa

Kurwisa Capitol musi uyu waiwanzoitwa musi waJanuary 6, 2021 kwakaratidza kuti chitendero chakashata chinogona kukanganiswa.

Danho 5: Kutsaudzira

Mukundi anotora hofisi masikati pana January 20, achipedza muitiro murefu wakavamba nenhimbe huru kazhinji kazhinji makore maviri pamberi pezvi.

Zviroto: Kukakavadzana Kwokuchengeta Electoral College

Kudzivirira Kupesvedzera Kuduku Kwehurumende

Vatsigiri veFelectoral College [[FLT: 1] vanopikisa gadziriro inodzivisa nhimbe dzapurezidhendi kuva dzakananga chose chose panzvimbo huru dzechiverengero chavagari vemo. Pasina iyo, vapapatidzi vanganhimira bedzi munharaunda huru dzeguta, vachifuratira itiro hanya dzomumaruwa nedzeruwa duku.

Masimba egadziriro yazvino anoda kuvaka mibatanidzwa yakasiana---tsaukana muupenyu. Kuwina kunoda kufadza kuvarimi muIowa, vashandi vefekitari muMichigan, vapunzi muFlorida, uye vashandi vemichina muNorth Carolina. Uku kuparadzirwa kwenyika kunovimbisa purezidhendi kurangarira fariro dzomuruwa dzakasiyana - siyana.

Nyika duku dzinogamuchirawo ngwariro isingaenzaniswi nechiverengero chadzo chavagari vemo. Mavhoti mana avavhoti vana vaNew Hampshire haafaniri kuva anokosha zvikuru, bva mugariro wadzo woruvara runochinja mativi unoita nhimbe huru. Muvhoti yakakurumbira yakachena, vadaviri vangafuratira mamirioni 1.4 New Hampshirites chose chose.

Mativi Anokurudzira Akafara

Electoral College inokurudzira vanoda kufunda nomwero vanogona kukwezva mumativi ose. Kuhwina mavhoti 270 kunoda kuhwina mubatanidzwa wehurumende dzemhevedzo dzeNorthern East, nyika dzedzokuMadokero, uye mibatanidzwa ine mwero yeMidrost.

Gadziriro yacho inokurudzirawo vanoda kuvaka mvumo dzakabatana dzinopfuura mibatanidzwa yechiverengero chavagari vemo. ARepublican anofanira kuwina nzvimbo dzomumusha dzine mwero; muDemocrat anoda maodromagracy okumaruwa. Uku kuvaka mubatanidzwa kunoparira purezidhendi nemirairo huru kupfuura vhoti yakakurumbira yakakurumbira ingaparira.

Kugovera Miuyo Yakakomba

Electoral College kazhinji kazhinji inopfuura micheto yamavhoti akakurumbira, ichigovera zvakajeka murairo uye kudzivisa gakava munyika yose. Muna 1960, Kennedy akawina vhoti yakakurumbira ne 0.17% asi akawana rukundo rwakaisvonaka rwa303-219. Kubudirira uku kunogona kugovera dzikamo nomutemo.

Gadzirirowo inoratidzira kudzimwe nyika panzvimbo pokuda kuti nyika dzose dziwanzwe. Nhamba ya 2000 Florida yakanga yakashata zvakakwana; fungidzira mhirizhonga mumativi ose 50 enyika. Electoral College inoita kuti makakatanwa ashaye mavhoti mashomanene muCalifornia kuti asanyandure nyika yose.

Kuchengetedza Mubatanidzwa

Electoral College ine nheyo dzechikwata chenhau pakati pegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo reAmerica. Manyika anoshandisa sarudzo dzawo amene, anogadza mitemo yawo amene (namaganhu emitemo), uye anochengeta revo yawo semapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pemapoka ehurumendewo zvawo.

Iyi nzira yehurumende inobvumira kuedza − Maine naNebraska mutoo woruwa, kuedza kuvhota kwakatanhamara, uye mitemo yokuvhota yapakuvamba yakasiana-- siyana. Vhoti yakakurumbira yenyika ingada kuti miitiro yesarudzo ive yakaenzana, kuderedza udzori hwehurumende.

Kuchengeta Kutsiga Kuviri

Electoral College inodikanwa navanohwina vanogamuchira chisiko chose [[FLT: 0] inoita kuti gadziriro ine mativi maviri . Mapoka echitatu haawanzohwina vhoti dzevhoti, anokurudzira mapoka makuru akaungana panzvimbo peparamende dzechiEurope dzinoda hurumende dzakavhengana.

Nepo vachiganhurira chisarudzo, idzi dzikamo dzinoreva kuti America inodzivisa kuumbwa kwezvinetso zvehurumende zvinotambudza dzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu.

Mapokani: Kurwisana NeElectoral College

Kubereka Kunosarudzwa Nehurumende

Kutsoropodza kukuru zvikurusa kwakapfava: mutsigiri ane vhoti shomanene anogona kuwina. Ikoku kwakaitika muna 1876, 188, 2000, uye 2016, naPurezidhendi Hayes, Harrison, Bush, uye Trump vachitora basa pasinei zvapo nokurasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira. Muna 2016, Hillary Clinton akagamuchira mavhoti anenge mamiriyoni matatu kupfuura Donald Trump brump bva akarasikirwa na27-304 muvhotaro dzinosarudzwa.

Ikoku kunoputsa nheyo huru yedemocracy . iyo voruzhinji vanofanira kutonga. Hakuna imwe hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inobvumira mupedzi wechipiri kuwina. Gavhuna, vamiriri, meya vose vanoda rukundo rwakawanda; purezidhendi bedzi anobvumidza vakundi vakakurumbira kukunda.

Vatsoropodzi vanopikisa ikoku kuderedza kuva pamutemo. Mapurezidhendi anogona sei kutaura mirairo apo vavhoti vazhinjisa vanoda mumwe munhu? Uku kushaikwa kwapamutemo kunogona kunetesa purezidhendi mudzimba nomumarudzi ose.

Denho Yesimba

Muwiridziri mukuru anoreva mabhiriyoni amavhoti haana basa nenzira inobudirira. MuRepublica muCalifornia kana kuti Democrat muAlabama anoziva vhoti yavo yapurezidhendi haisati ichizotapura muuyo. Ikoku kunoparira zvinetso zvinoverengeka:

.Nderedzerwa kudzorwa: Kusarudzireiko apo miuyo inofanorongwa? Nyika dzakakotsekana dzinoona kuderera, kuderedza kutora rutivi kwedemokrasi. Muna 2020, Wisconsin akaona 75% yemabhandero marefu mukupesana ne67% muNew York isingakwikwikwidziri.

Manzwi aisateererwa: Vavhoti veTrump muCalifornia na 3,8 mamirioni Biden muTexas havana kutaura nenzira inobudirira mukusarudza purezidhendi. Vhoti dzavo dzakanyangarika mugoverano yose.

Chinokosha chisingaenzaniswi[[FLT: 1]: Nyika inosarudza ukoshi hwevhoti. Muvhoti weFlorida anotonga nhau zvikuru; muvhoti weHawaii anonyoresa. Rotari yenzvimbo inoputsa nheyo yokuenzana kwomuvhoti.

Kukanganiswa Kwehurumende

Electoral College inonangidzira ngwariro yose pa nyika dzemakwikwi. Muna 2020, 96% yezvinoitika zvenhimbe zvakaitika mumaruwa 12. Vaida kufunda vakaita zviitiko zvenhimbe mu 33 pashure pekokorodzano.

Izvi zvinokonzera zvido zvisiri izvo:

  • Forida's vakwegura [[[FLT: 1] vanosunda mutemo weMedicare
  • Pennsylvania shacking inopesvedzera muitiro wesimba
  • [ Michigan vashandi vemotokari [
  • [[[FURO:0] Varimi veIowa[ vanosarudza mari yokurima

Munguvayo, indasitiri yezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu yeCalifornia, nharaunda yesimba reTexas, uye indasitiri yezvemari yeNew York (ndapaduku) inogamuchira ngwariro yakaderera yapurezidhendi nemhaka yokuti nyika dzavo hadzina makwikwi.

Kunogona Kuitwa Nouduku Hwokutonga

Electoral College inoita kuti pave nomutemo wakaderera wegadziriro yetsika [ kupfurikidza nemiitiro mizhinji:

SATE Bias: Sezvo nyika iri yose ichiwana vatendi vaviri pasinei zvapo navagari vemo, nyika duku dzinopinzwa kupfuura dzose. Nyika duku dzine 20 dzine vamiriri 40 vanomirira vanhu vane mamirioni 35; mamirioni 40 eCalifornia ane vasandisi vanongova vaviri chete. Iyi mirangariro inochinjirwa kuvhota.

GERYMAndering Programs[[FLT: 1]]: Munyika dzinoshandisa mitoo yoruwa (kana kuti kana ikava yadziridzwa zvikuru), maruwa akarongwa angagona kusarudza mavhoti akasarudzwa, kuchibvumira mapoka maduku kuwina madzoro.

Tsarudzo dzechitsaru: Kana sarudzo ichienda kuImba, hurumende imwe neimwe inowana vhoti imwe. Nyika 26 dukusa dzinomirira 17% yavagari vemo dzingagona kusarudza purezidhendi.

Kudzvinyirira Mapati Echitatu Nokuvandudzwa

Muwino weElectoral College wekukunda chisiko chose nechinodikanwa chikuru zvinodzivisa nenzira yemubato wechitatu pamakwikwi. Vatatu vanowina 20% munyika yose asi vasingahwinwi nyika ipi neipi vanogamuchira mavhoti asingasarurwi. Izvi zvakaitika kuna Ross Perot muna 1992/19% yamavhoti, mavhoti akasarudzwa namane.

Iyi ganhuriro inodzvinyirira uye inodzivisa pfungwa itsva kupinda mumatongerwe enyika makuru.

Kupindira Kukuru Kwenhau Nenjodzi Dzakaitika Kare

Njodzi ya1876 Yakakonzerwa neTilden

76 sarudzo[[FLT: 1] yakadokuputsa hurumende yenyika yeAmerica. Democrat Samuel Tilden akawana vhoti yakakurumbira ne 3% ndokutungamirira 18465 muvhoti dzevhoti, imwe kuperevedza yorukundo. Mabhoti makumi maviri akakakavadzana akabva Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina, uye Oregon akaparira njodzi.

Congress yakagadzira Electoral Commission chaiyo yakapa mavhoti 20 ose kuna Republican Rutherford Hayes pamativi ebato. Democrates akabvuma izvi bedzi pashure pokunge vaRepublica vabvuma kugumisa kugadziridzwazve kwenzvimbo, vachisiya vaAmerica vachiisa kudzvinyirira kwaJim Crow. Electoral College yakatengesa chaizvoizvo kodzero dzevagari vemo nokuda kworugare rwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Chiratidzo cheZuva cha2000

Sarudzo yakasvika kumavhoti 25 eFlorida. Pashure pomwedzi wemivhoti, matare, uye "kukwidza chad" nharo, Dare rapamusoro re5-4 mu Bhush v. Gore[FLT] akarega kurondedzera, kupa Bush musara wa5373-voti Florida uye purezidhendi pasinei zvapo nokurasikirwa namavhotera 544 000 munyika.

Ikoku kwakafumura kukuvadzwa kweElectoral College:

  • Muchimbi weruwa kupfurikidza nokuvhota nokunatsa uye mapurani okuvhota
  • [[[FUNDO:0] kupindira kwechiJudician kubvumira matare kusarudza purezidhendi
  • nhambo dzenguva dzeArbitria dzinoisa mhedziso paruramo

Mugumisiro wacho wakava nokuchinja kwakawanda kwesarudzo asi kwakasiya kuvakwa kweElectoral College kusingachinji.

2016 Trump-Clinton Shock

2016 yakaratidzira[ Electoral College yazvino uno. Clinton akahwinwa namavhoti 2.87 mamirioni (muganhu mukurusa wevhoti wakakurumbira nokuda kwomuvhoti anorasika nokusingaperi. Trump's 77 744-vota akabatanidzwa muMichigan, Wisconsin, uye Pennsylvania akaendesa denderen.

Ikoku kwakanga kusati kuri kunyanyisa asi kusarura kwakarongwa kwourongwa. Democrates dzinopa ngwariro nenzira inowedzera mumaguta, "kuvhota" mukuhwina nyika. Republicas yakapararira nenzira inobudirira mumativi emaruwa nomumahombekombe, ichiita kuti Electoral College ive nokubudirira. Iyi nzvimbo inoumba inoreva Democrates inoda miganhu mikuru yakakurumbira kuti iwane Electal College.

Matambudziko 2020 uye January 6

2020 Sarudzo yakazivisa Electoral College vurneribitation. Pasinei zvapo nemicheto yevhoti yeBiden's ine mamirioni 7 uye 306-32 yorukundo rwevhoti, zvinetso zveTrump zvakadokubudirira kupfuurira:

  • Sarudza zvirongwa zvokuvhota apo Republics munyika nomwe Biden akawana magwaro etsoropodzo
  • Kunzwa zvichidiwa navakuru vakuru vehurumende ku "wana" mavhoti kana kuti kuramba chitupa chekuvhota
  • Kuramba kuvamba kunoedza[ mukati mekuverenga kwaJanuary 6
  • Dzvinyiriro yaPurezidhendi yeVhositi yeVice yokuramba vhoti dzakasarudzwa pasina muganhu

Kudenha kwaJanuary 6 Capitol kwaivavarira kuvhiringidza kuverenga kwevavhoti, kuchifumura kuti miitiro yakaoma yeElectoral College inoparira sei mikana yokupandukira iyo isati yaizovapo muvhoti yakakurumbira yakananga.

Kuchinja uye Zvisipo

Kufambira Electoral College

Chinjo yakananga zvikurusa([[FL:0] gadziridzo yevhoti yakakurumbira yakananga]

Kubatanidza zvinodikanwa[: Zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvezvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare, ipapo zvikamu zvitatu nezvina zvemitemo yehurumende zvinofanira kubvumira. Nyika duku dzinobetserwa negadziriro yazvino dzinogona kumisa chinjo.

Chaizvoichoiwo: 33 nyika dzine mavhoti asingasviki 11 uye dzinobetserwa nokunyanyoshandiswa. Kuwana maruwa 38 kuderedza simba radzo dzimene kunoratidzika kuva kusingabviri.

Pfungwa dzavose dzinowedzera kutsigira kubviswa kwechakaipa chacho, uye dzinoratidza 60 - 65% yokutsigira kuvhota kwakakurumbira.

National Popular Vote Interstate Compact inopa mugumo unodzorwa patendero rebumbiro remitemo. Mitemo inovimbisa vhoti dzayo kumurambira muvhoti akakurumbira worudzi inowanzongotaura kuti inobatanidza mavhoti 270 akasarudzwa.

C Mamiriro ezvinhu azvino[[FLT: 1]]: 17 batanidza D.C. yakumbanira, inosvika mavhoti 209 akasarudzwa (77% enzira yokushanda nayo. Zvisinei, ose inyika dzeDemocratic-leaning. Hapana nyika dzeRepublican dzakakumbanira, kudzoreka fambiro mberi.

Mibvunzo yeLegion: Vatsoropodzi vanopikisa chibvumirano chinopesana neBumbiro reMitemo raClaus anoda mvumo yebvumirano yebvumirano yehurumende. Vatsigiri vanoinyora kuti inongova bedzi simba riripo rokugovera vavhozhokeri.

Nharo: Chii chinoitika kana nyika dzikarega kana dzarasikirwa? Basa raizorondedzera sei?

Altavia yakavakirwa paruwa

Kukudza Maine neNebraska munyika yose kwaizo mukombe wevhoti dzevhoti dzedare rehurumende kupfurikidza noruwa rwedare ramaruwa kubatanidza mbiri nokuda kwavakundi venyika yose.

[[FURO:0] Mapazi[:

  • kuchaita kuti nzvimbo dzakawanda dzive nemakwikwi
  • Zviri nani kuratidza kusiyana - siyana kwemamiriro ezvinhu
  • Sangano rehurumende rinoramba

[[[FRA:0] Mitemo yemabhakitire

  • Kutungamirira kwaizosarudza vatarisiri
  • Chinogona kuita mavote akakurumbira zvikuru/electal-vote
  • Kunowedzera mikana yakaoma uye kufambisa muviri

Kuongorora kunokarakadza kuti Romney angadai akahwina muna 2012 mugadziriro ino pasinei zvapo nemuganhu weObama une mamiriyoni mashanu wevhoti, kuchiratidza kuti kudzora kwaigona sei kupinza mukutonga kwevashoma.

Kugara Kunzvimbo Dzinogarwa

Nyika yaigona kuvhota mavhoti akasarudzwa zvakafanana kuzvikamu zvevhoti. Kuwina 60% yePennsylvania kwaizobudisa 12 yamavhoti ayo 20 akasarudzwa.

[[FFO:0] Bhenefit[[FFL:1]:

  • Vhoti iri yose inokosha kwose kwose
  • Vapindi vechitatu vaigona kukunda vavhoti vakasarudzwa
  • Kuderedza kutonga kwehurumende

[[FAMU:0] Zvikamu[[[CHOKWADI:1]:

  • Hapana angada kusarudzwa angasvika 270, achikandira sarudzo kuHouse
  • Zvinoda kugamuchirwa sevana vasiri vavo kuti zvidzivise kubvisa vabereki vapakuvamba
  • Vavhoti vanovhota zvikamu zviduku - duku vanoita kuti kuoma kunzwisisa

Nzira Yakabatanidzwa yeCongress

Kupinda kwemhiko kwaizo muvhoti imwe yakasarudzwa paruwa rwedare pamwe chete nevhoti dzinodzorwa nokuda kwemibato inohwina. Ikoku kwakasiana nomutoo wazvino kupfurikidza nokubvisa mavhoti akasarudzwa nehurumende yose.

Ikoku kwaizoparira maruwa 435 amakwikwi pamwe chete nevavariro dzinofadza nokuda kwenhimbe dzenyika yose. Zvisinei, kwaizowedzera zvinoshamisa ukoshi hwegerrymandering uye kungabereka miuyo yakanyongana.

Chikonzero Nei Electoral College Ichipfuurira Pasinei Zvapo Nokutsoropodzwa

Kuvaka

Electoral College inopukunyuka nemhaka yokuti avo vane simba rokuichinja vanobetserwa nayo:

State Ncinci Senators: Vasarudzi vanobva kunyika dzinopfuura havasati vachizoderedza pesvedzero yadzo. Vamiriri veIsvomhesvet havasati vachizovhota kuita kuti Wyoming isare isashanda mune zvamatongerwe enyika zvoupurezidhendi.

[ Betsero dzeHurumende: Nyika dzinobatanidza dzinogamuchira mari yehurumende, yamuro dzengwavaira, uye ngwariro yomuitiro. Kuregerereiko iyi michina?

Party Clauditions: Republicas dzinobetserwa neElectoral College revolution. Nei dzingabvisa betsero?

Ngozi Yokuvharwa

Kunyange vatsoropodzi veElectoral College vanotya migumisiro isingakarirwa:

Campaign Mari: Sarudzo dzakakurumbira dzingatova dzinodhura zvikuru here? Ko mabhiriyoni angava nepesvedzero huru here?

Retai Chaos: Sarudzo iri yose yapedyo ingatanga kurondedzera mwedzi inogara munyika yose here?

Urban Dominance: Nzvimbo dzomumaruwa dzingafuratirwa chose chose muvhoti yakakurumbira here?

[[FT:0] Kuda kudzora [: Ko kudzora hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kungagonesa here mademocracy kukunda nokuwanda kwezvizhinji?

Kutya uku kunonzwisisika, kumwe kwakanyanyisa, kunoparira kusarura.

Ruremekedzo Rwebumbiro reMitemo

VaAmerica vazhinji vanorangarira Bumbiro reMitemo serinoyera, vachiita chinjo dzokuvaka dzinzwe sedzisingakodzeri. Electoral College, pasinei zvapo nezvikanganiso zvayo, inotakura kusakendenga kwaVavambi. Kurisiya kunonzwa sokusiya chiAmerica chimene.

Iyi shingiro yebumbiro remitemo inodzivisa kunzvera kunonzwika. Vatangi vamene vaikarira kugadziridza kwenguva dzose kwebumbiro remitemo nemitemo,(*) kwaizokatyamadzwa kuti takava bedzi nedzinochinja 27 mumakore 235.

Nguva Yemberi yeElectoral College

Kuchinjana kwevagari vemo kungadzoserazve Electoral College nenzira yomuzvarirwo:

Sun Belt Growth: Texas, Florida, Arizona, uye Georgia vari kuwana vhoti uye vava makwikwi. Ikoku kungagona kubvisa betsero yeRepublicans Electoral College.

Rust Belt Decline: Michigan, Pennsylvania, uye Wisconsin vari kurasikirwa nepesvedzero ine mwero, sezvinobvira vachideredza ukoshi hwavo hwakadzikatidzwa.

[[FORT:0] Upfuvuri hwemabhangi: Kukura kwenzvimbo dzemetro munyika dzakambotsvuka (Atlanta, Phoenix, Houston) kwaigona kuparira nyika dzedemocrat dzisati dzagona mumakumi amakore.

Kuchinjana uku kungaita kuti Electoral College ive mumiririri wakawanda (oka tsveyamisa pfungwa itsva dzatisati tambogona kufanotaura.

Kutapura Kwezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rungagona kutapura Electoral College kusvikira:

Micro-Tation : Mashoko makuru anobvumira kuvhota kusingaenzaniswi, kuchigona kuita kuti nyika dzakawanda dzikwikwidze kupfurikidza nenhimbe dzokuvhiya.

. . . . "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------kakava, inoita kuti pave nevhozhori yevhokorori.

Online Organing[[FLT: 1]: Maturusi echronic angagonesa vanhu vechitatu kukwikwidzana nenzira inobudirira zvikuru nokuda kwamavhoti anosarudzwa.

Kuvhota kwakachengeteka kungagona kuwedzera, kungachinja mamiriro ezvinhu.

Kururama Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Zvematongerwe enyika zveAmerica zvinotarisana nokuona zvinhu sezvazviri zvingaitika izvo zvingavhiringidza Electoral College ine simba:

[[FLT: 0] Kuisa panzvimbo yechipo kana kuti yezvokushandisa : Kana vavhoti vakadzidza pakoreji vachipfuurira kuratidzira Democratic nepo vasiri vavhoti veRepublican, nyika dzakapfuura dzingava dzakakotsekana apo nyika dzakakotsekana dzinova makwikwi.

Racial Depolazation: Kuvhota kwakarurama kwechiSpain kungagona kuita kuti nyika dzeSouthwest dzive namakwikwi nepo nyika dzeMadokero nechiverengero chikuru chavagari veBlack dzichiramba dzakakotsekana.

Geographic Gazer: Kupfuurira kweguta/ruwa rungaparira nyika dzakawanda dzinodimbuka nyika nenzvimbo shomanene, simba rokupa ngwariro munhamba dukusa inoramba iripo yenzvimbo.

Mugumo: Kubvumirana Kusina Kukwana Kwehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Electoral College inomira sechiteshi chikurusa chekusagona kudzora ruzhinji rweAmerica(a gadziriro yakagadzirirwa nguva yakasiana, kupedza zvinetso izvo zvisati zvichiripo apo Vavambi vasati vatongofungidzira. Inoshandura sarudzo yapurezidhendi kubva kumakwikwi amarudzi kuva hondo dzehurumende neruwa, inosimudzira mamiriro enzvimbo yenzvimbo pamusoro pedemocracy, uye inogonesa miuyo inopesana nechido chakakurumbira.

Bva inopfuurira, yakadzika midzi kwazvo mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo reAmerica iro rinoratidzika kuva risingabviri. mativi amene avatsoropodzi anoshurikidza `mamiriro ezvinhu maduku anotora simba rose, kukunda kusina kunanga, kutsiva kusingatsaurwi (kunotsiva kunobetsera uye kuchazvidzivirira zvinotyisa. Electoral College yazova soudemocracy imene: tsika yakaipisisa kunze kwedzimwe dzose dzatinotya zvikuru kuedza.

Kunzwisisa Electoral College kunoreva kurwisana nemibvunzo inokosha pamusoro poubati ushe hwehurumende hweAmerica.

Iyi haisati iri mibvunzo yedzidzowo zvayo. Sezvo America ichitarisana nokuderera kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, uye kudzokera kudiroruzhinji munyika yose, Electoral College inowedzera kutema kwete bedzi kuti ndiani anova purezidhendi asi kana vanhu vachigamuchira purezidhendi iyeyo sewapamutemo. Gadziriro iyo inoramba ichiparira njodzi dzinoparira kurasikirwa nevoruzhinji mukuva nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Gakava reElectoral College harisati richizonyangarika nemhaka yokuti rinoratidzira kusagadzikana kukuru munzanga yeAmerica (pakati pemaguta namaruwa, kwakasiana----phasiana uye kwounganiri, zviono zvehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kusvikira America yapedza idzi rwisano huru, Electoral College icharamba iripo: inotsoropodzwa navazhinjisa, inochinjwa naasina, inosarudza mapurezidhendi kupfurikidza nomutoo we 18 wezana ramakore kutamburira kudzora rudzi rwa 21 rwavapfumi.

Kana Electoral College ichizosimbisa kana kuti kuderedza hurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica inotsamira pakuti vaAmerica vanogona kuichinja kuti iratidze tsika dzinosarudzwa nehurumende yegutsaruzhinji asi vachichengeta nheyo dzinobatsira dzehurumende. Kukurukurirana ikoko kunoda kubvumwa nokutendeseka kwezvose zviri zviviri betsero dzechokwadi dzegadziriro yacho neperero kwayo yakakomba yedemocracy. Vagari vemo vanogona kuita zvisarudzo vachiziva pamusoro pokuti sangano iri chairo rakafanirwa nokuchengetwa, kugadziridzwa, kana kuti kuparadzwa.

Electoral College haisi jambwa rehurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica chete, − nerioni rinoratidza kusagadzikana kwedu kukurusa pamusoro pezvinofanira kuva Hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Mubvunzo hausi wokuti yakakwana here; kuti tinogona kuita zviri nani here. Mhinduro iyoyo haisati ichizoumba bedzi sarudzo yomunguva yemberi asi nguva yemberi yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica imene.

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