Mhiko youpurezidhendi yebasa ndeimwe yamagamuchidzanwa anogarisa naanokosha zvikurusa muAmerica. Makore mana ari ose, purezidhendi achangobva kusarudzwa anodzokorora aya mashoko makumi matatu namashanu (kana kuti akati zvikuru nesimbiso yorudzidziso yokusasarudza) mukati momutambo wokutsaurira. Mhiko yacho haisiwo muitirowo zvawo; chinodikanwa chemitemo, chipikirwa chavose, uye chiratidzo chikuru chomutemo. Mashoko amene ane mazana amakore ouremu hwenhau, ururami hwemitemo, uye revo yetsika. Kunzwisisa chifananidzo chiri seridziro yemashoko mamwe namamwe, mavambo echinjo yeAmerica yokudzora, uye nheyo dzinogara dzinobatanidza rudzi pamwe chete.

Mavambo Enzvimbo Yemaoath

Mhiko youpurezidhendi yakavakirwa muChikamu II, Chikamu 1, Claus 8 cheUnited States Constitution. Framers, vachenjeri vesimba ravakuru vakuru pashure pechinoitika chavo choumambo hweBritain, vakatsvaka kuita musengwa wakananga, unosungirwa pamutemo uyo ungarondedzera ganhuriro nemabasa zvoupurezidhendi. Kusafanana nezvipikirwa zvemhiko zvakawanda, iyi mhiko inorairwa mumutemo: hapana purezidhendi anogona kuva nenzvimbo kutozosvikira vaitora.

Gakava ReKokorodzano Yebumbiro reMitemo

Mukati mezhizha ra1787 muPhiladelphia, nhume dzakakakavadzana basa chairoiro romutungamiriri mukuru. Vamwe vakaitirana nharo nokuda kwomutungamiriri akasimba, nepo vamwe vakatya kudzorwa kudzvinyirira. Kubatanidzwa kwemhiko chaiyo kwakanga kuri kubvumirana ne(kwaizoyeuchidza purezidhendi kuti chiremera chavo chakapiwa, kwete chagara chirimo. Rugwaro rwacho rwakanyorwa neDare reSteam, iro raibatanidza Gouverneur Morris, uye rakagamuchirwa negakava duku. Manyoro apakuvamba anoramba akasachinja, testamendima yezvakafanoziva vavambi. Chigadziriso bedzi chakauya ne [[FLT:]] Dempletement [ict1] (ratisimukirwa muna 1933), iro rakasunda Zuva rekuvamba kubva muna March 4, asi chibvumirano chimene chakaramba chakafanana.

Mugodhi Wokutanga waGeorge Washington

Pana April 30, 1789, pavharanda reFederal Hall muNew York City, George Washington akaisa ruoko rwake paBhaibheri ndokudzokorora mhiko yakaitwa naChancellal Livingston. Mukuwirirana negamuchidzanwa, Washington akawedzera mashoko naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari" pamugumo, kunyange zvazvo vanyori venhau vakakurukura kana ikoku kwakaitika chaizvoizvo. Livingston akaziviswa zvakakurumbira, "Monde George Washington, Purezidhendi weUnited States," uye kufara kwakakwira kubva muboka. Nguva ino yakagadza muenzaniso nokuda kwechinoitika chakakomba nouremu hwechiratidzo cheshoko riri rose mumhiko.

Revo Yamashoko

Chikamu chiri chose mumhiko youpurezidhendi chine revo dzakasiana dzapamutemo nedzokufananidzira. Rugwaro rwakazara, sezvinotaurwa muBumbiro reMitemo, ndi: I ndinopika zvakakomba (kana kuti ndinosimbisa) kuti ndichashandisa nokutendeka Hofisi yaPrezidhendi weUnited States, uye kuti ndichada zvakanakisisa zvesimba rangu, chengeta, dzivirira uye dzivirira Bumbiro remitemo reUnited States.

Ndinopika kwazvo (kana kuti ndisimbise)

Chitsama chokutanga chinosimbisa ukoshi hwechipikirwa. Shoko rokuti "kasimba" rinoratidzira kuti ikoku hakusati kuri kutaurawo zvako asi musengwa unosungisa unoitwa pamberi pavose nomutemo. Mubereki "kana kusimbisa" yakanga iri wedzero yamaune kuwiriranisa vapanduki vorudzidziso, vakadai saQuaker, vairamba kupika mhiko. Iyi ndima inoratidzira kuzvipira kwamadzitateguru kurusununguko rworudzidziso nokuparadzaniswa kwechechi nehurumende. Nhasi, purezidhendi vanodokuva vanosarudza nguva dzose "zvipfeko," asi chisarudzo chinoramba chiri chiratidzo chine simba chokupika.

Mubati wenyika yeUnited States unobata novuchokwadi

Chitsama ichi chinosimbisa kuvimbika kunzvimbo, kwete kubato ripi neripi, kana kuti munhu mumwe." Nenzira yokuvimbika" zvinoreva kuvimbika, kuvimbika, uye kunamatira kumabasa akapiwa neBumbiro reMitemo nemitemo. Shoko rokuti "Sectip" rinoyeuchidza purezidhendi kuti basa ravo nderokuita mutemo, kwete kuuita kana kuufuratira. Iyi mhiko yokuuraya nenzira yokutendeka inheyo yokuparadza masimba.

Kusvika pakanakisisa pasimba rangu

Uku kubvuma kwokuzvininipisa kunogadza mupimo wechokwadi. Purezidhendi haakarirwa kuva akakwana asi kushandisa nhamburiko yavo yakazara zvikurusa. Kuzivikanwa kwokukanganisa kwomunhu kwakabatanidzwa nechinodikanwa chokushingaira. Uku kutaura kwakataurwa mumashoko enhau (somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Andrew Johnson akashandisa "kuisvonaka kwemano angu" mukati mechinjon Era, uye kwakakumbirwa munharo pamusoro porusando rwapurezidhendi nohugwinyiriro rwendangariro.

"Parasha, dzivirira uye dzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States"

Iri idi remhiko. Zviito zvitatu . "Defend" zvinoraira kurwisa kwokukanganisa rugwaro rwenheyo rwenyika, kudzivirira, uye kudzivirira. "Preserve" zvinokarakadza kuchengeta Bumbiro remitemo sezvariripo, kwete kuichinja kana kuti kurwuderedza. "Deving" zvinoreva kurinda patyisidziro dzomukati kana dzokunze. "Defend" zvinoraira kurwisa kwokushingaira kurwisa kuedza kupi nokupi kwokukanganisa rugwaro rwenheyo rwenyika. Pamwe chete, vanosunga purezidhendi ari wose kuti vatsigire mutemo, kunyange kana usiri kufanira kana kuti usingadiwi. Chiratidzo ichi chave hwave hwakavakirwa pamabasa apurezidhendi weHabeaspus's panguva yeHondo yeChizvarwa chapasi penyika kuRalmarted kukanganwira Richard Nixor.

Zvinhu Zvokufananidzira Zvembeva

Kupfuura mashoko amene, muitiro wokupika wakapfuma nokufananidzira.

Bhaibheri ne"Saka ndibetserei Mwari"

Kunyange zvazvo Bumbiro reMitemo risingadi Bhaibheri kana kuti mashoko okuti "Naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari," anenge purezidhendi ari wose akashandisa Bhaibheri ndokuwedzera mashoko acho. George Washington akatanga iyi gamuchidzanwa, uye rave richiteverwa nguva dzose chifo chezana ramakore rechi20, kunze kwaTheodore Roosevelt (1901) uyo asina kushandisa Bhaibheri. Bhaibheri kazhinji kazhinji ndiro rimwe rerevo renhau: Washington rakashandisa Bhaibheri rakakumbirwa muMasonic rehotela; Harry Truman akashandisa maBhaibheri maviri (Masonic neBhaibheri remhuri); Barck Obama akashandisa Bhaibheri reLincoln. Kuwedzera kwa "Son betsera Mwari" kunosimbisa kurema kwechipikirwa, asi rinomutsawo mibvunzo pamusoro pokuparadza chechi nehurumende. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, vamwe vakasarudza kugumisa pasina kunyora mashoko kana kuti varatidze kutenda kwavo.

Basa Reruramisiro Huru

Bumbiro reMitemo rinotaura kuti purezidhendi anotora mhiko, asi haatauri pachena kuti ndiani anoishandisa. Mugamuchidzanwa, Mutongi Mukuru weDare Rapamusoro reUnited States anoita mhiko.Ichi chisarudzo chinofananidzira kuzvimirira kwedare uye pfungwa yokuti purezidhendi anodzorwa nedudziro yebumbiro remitemo. Apo purezidhendi vaviri `Calvin Coolidgege muna 1923 uye Lyndon Johnson muna 1963 vakapika pashure pokuurawa kwedare, vakaita mhiko yacho mumiganhu yapachivande; Coolidge akapiwa nababa vake, aisafanira, nepo Johnson akanga ane mutongi woruwa. Munhau yose iri miviri, mudare rakadzokororwa gare gare gare gare neMutongi Mukuru wedare. Kutonga kwechipo kwaLydon Johnson kunoyeuchidza kuti purezidhendi webazu redare pamusoro pomutemo.

Chitendero Chiri Kumadokero kweCapitol

Kubvira pakutsaurirwa kwokutanga kwaRonald Reagan muna 1981, mhiko yakaitirwa West Front yeUnited States Capitol, yakatarisana neNational Mall neWashington Monument. Iyi nzvimbo yakasarudzwa kuratidzira kuoneka kwazvo(* purezidhendi anochengetwa kwete bedzi nezviremera asi norudzi rwose. Capitol amene anomirira bazu remitemo, rinosimbisa kuparadzana kwamasimba. Apo mhiko inopedzwa, purezidhendi anowanzopa hurukuro yokutanga inopa pamisoro yechinzwano, muitiro, uye chiono, asi mhiko imene inoramba iri chinhu chinodikanwa mumutemo icho chinorevesanongetevedzerwa purezidhendi.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kududzwa Kwokufananidzira

Vamwe purezidhendi vakawedzera batano dzavo vamene. Muna 1961, John F Kennedy akashandisa kurasika kweKaturike panzvimbo peBhaibheri (Bhaibheri remhuri reFitzgerald). Muna 2009, Barack Obama akagumburwa zvishoma namashoko acho, achimutungamirira kudzokorora mhiko yacho pachivande naMutongi Mukuru Roberts zuva rakatevera kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti kukwana kwebumbiro remitemo kunorangarirwa nenzira yakakomba sei. Purezidhendi Trump akadzokorora nenzira inobudirira mhiko muna 2017 pasina kukanganisa kupi nokupi, asi kushandisa kwake kwakadzokororwa kwamashoko okuti "Naizvozvo ndibetsere Mwari" mukati mekuoneka kwapachena akakwevedza ngwariro kuchinhu chorudzidziso rwemhiko.

Revo Nokuda Kwehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Chibvumirano ichi chinosimbisa miganhu yesimba guru uye chinovimbisa kuzvidavirira mugadziriro yokuongorora uye kudzikamisa zvinhu.

Kusimbisazve Kutonga kwoMutemo

Nokupika kuti vachengete, vadzivirire, uye vadzivirire Bumbiro reMitemo, purezidhendi anobvuma kuti chiremera chavo chinotorwa kubva pa(/FLT][FLT][1] mutemo wehwaro wenyika. Iri ibwe rekona rehurumende inosarudzwa neAmerica: hapana munhu, kunyange mukuru mukuru, ari pamusoro peBumbiro reMitemo yemitemo. Dare rapamusoro rasimbisazve nheyo iyi muzviitiko zvakadai se [FLT]] United States v. Nixton[FLT][FLT]][774]), apo Dare reSaunier Nixon rakaraira kubudisa marekopoka, kududza kutsigira mutemo wemitemo pamusoro peropafadzo yakakwirira. Kupika kunoita kuti pave nomusero mukuru wetsika anogona kudzorwa naAndroffne, naDelsonson, naDnown, naDonn.

Kukurudzira Kupiwa Kwesimba Kune Rugare

Makore mana ari ose, chinoitika chemhiko yokuita mhiko chinoratidzira chinjo kubva kuhurumende imwe kuenda kunotevera, muitiro une rugare nenhevedzano uyo uri chiratidzo cheteramo yedemokrase. Mukundwi anokundwa anobvuma, uye mukundi anodzokorora mashoko mamwe chetewo anoshandiswa naGeorge Washington. Uku kupfuurira kunosimbisa kuti hofisi inokosha zvikuru kupfuura munhu. Muna 2021, pasinei zvapo nedenho dzisina kumboitika, Purezidhendi Joe Biden akaita mhiko kuCapitol, achisimbisazve gamuchidzanwa. Zvisinei, magakava achangobva kupfuura apa napakuchinjwa kworugare kwesimba akasimbisa kuderera kworumano rwetsika ino; mhiko yacho imene inobatira sechiyeuchidzo chokuti purezidhendi ari wose anofanira kuisa kuvimbika paBumbiro remitemo paChestikiro.

Kuzvidavirira Kupfurikidza Nokurayira

Mhiko yacho inogovera hwaro hwekusateerera. Bumbiro reMitemo rinorondedzera "mhosva huru nemhosho" sezvikonzero zvokubvisa, uye kurasika mhiko yakadai sekupfurikidza nepejury, kudzongonyedzwa kweruramisiro, kana kuti kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba. Hurumende yose iri miviri Nixon (akasiya pamberi pokusatevedzerwa) naPurezidhendi Clinton (aipomerwa asi asina mhaka) vakapomerwa kutyora mhiko yavo. Purezidhendi Trump akashorwa kaviri, nenyaya yokutanga kududza kuti "budissssssva simba" nokuda kwokumanikidza Ukraine kunzvera kuputsa basa rokushandisa nokutendeka basa. Nokudaro chipikirwa chinoramba chiri chishandiso chinotsoropodza nokuda kwokuva nomutungamiriri wehurumende kuzvidavirira kumitoro yavo.

Kurwisana Nedenho Kumubhedha

Munhau yose yeAmerica, mhiko yapurezidhendi yakaedzwa nenjodzi dzezvamatongerwe enyika, hondo, uye njodzi dzebumbiro remitemo.izvi zvinoitika zvinozivisa kuti kufananidzira mhiko yacho kune simba sei uye kunokwikwidzana sei.

Kupera Mukati Mehondo Yavagari Vemo

Kutsaurirwa kwokutanga kwaPuerce Lincoln muna 1861 kwakaitika sezvo nyika nomwe dzeMadokero dzakanga dzatoparadzaniswa. Sezvaakamira paEast Portico yeCapitol, rudzi rwakamuisa padanho rehondo yavagari vemo. Mhiko yaLincoln .Kupika kwaLincoln (*kuzodzivirira, nokudzivirira"ivapo.) Akagumisa kutaura kwake kwokutanga necherekedzo neche-pamberi-nyoro ku "ngirozi dzatina chisiko chedu," asi iye amene akaisa kuti ashandise simba kana kuri madikanwa kuchengetedza Union. Kupfurikidza nehondo, Lincoln akakudza simba guru guru (g., anodzosa) achidudza pembedzokero yake seruraniso. Vezvenhau vaidavira kana mamwe mabasa ake akaputsa mutemo, asi iye amene akadavira kupfurikidza nokuidzivirira rudzi rwacho.

Maoath Mana eFDR uye Amendeji yeChi20

Franklin. Roosevelt ndiye bedzi purezidhendi akatora mhiko kana (1933, 1937, 1941, 1945). Mhiko yake yechitatu muna 1941 yakaitika sezvo Hondo Yenyika II yairwiwa muEurope, uye yechina pana January 20, 1945, yakanga iri mhemberero duku paWhite House nemhaka yehondo. Amendement yechi20 yakanga yasunda musi wokutsaurirwa kusvikira kuJanuary 20, kuchinja mufananidzo kubva kunhambo yapakuvamba ye "Lame Duck". Mhiko dzeFDR dzakasimbisa kupfuurira kwoutungamiriri mukati menhambo yenjodzi, asi yakamutsawo itiro pamusoro pesimba rapurezidhendi neganhuriro. Yakatungamirira kuChibvumirano cha 22, icho chinoganhurira kumashoko maviri.

Nhevedzo Dzazvino Uno Padudziro YeOath

Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, kwave kune nharo pamusoro perondedzero ye "kuuraya nenzira yokutendeka". Vamwe vapurezidhendi vakabudisa mashoko okusaina vanozivisa kuti havasati vachizomanikidzira mitemo yavanorangarira kuva isingawirirani nemitemo, vachidudza mhiko yavo kudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo. Vatsoropodzi vanoramba ikoku kusekesa kuparadza masimba. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwemirairo yavakuru vakuru namapoka zvakaruramiswa napurezidhendi sorutivi rwebasa ravo ku "kuita nokutendeka". Iyi kurukurirano inoratidza kuti revo yokufananidzira yemhiko inochinja nedare rimwe nerimwe, bva nechepakati pepiso yayo kuBumbiro remitemo.

Murangariro Wokuenzanisa: Mamwe Matanda Enyika

Nepo mhiko yapurezidhendi weAmerica yakasiana mukutaura kwayo nokudzika mitemo, dzimwe nyika dzine mhemberero dzakafanana dzinoratidzira mipimo yadzo dzimene. Somuenzaniso, mutungamiriri wehurumende weCanada anopika chinzvimbo nemhiko yokuvimbika kuna Mambokadzi. Purezidhendi weFrance anopika ku "remekedza nokudzivirira" masangano eFithripu. Mambo weBritain, apo anoshongedzwa, anoita mhiko yokutsigira Chechi yeEngland nemitemo yenyika. Chipikiso cheU. S. Chipikiso chinosiana nemhaka yokuti chinonangidzira paBumbiro remitemo, kwete pamunhu upi noupi, boka, kana kuti mumwari wedangwe reRepublicration.

Mutambo Wemaoath Ne Amendement Yechi20

Gadziriro yeChi20, yakatenderwa muna 1933, yakachinja musi wokutsaurirwa kwapurezidhendi kuvambira muna March 4 kusvikira muna January 20. Ikoku kwakanga kune revo dzokufananidzira: kwakaderedza nhambo ye "danda rembava" pashure pesarudzo yaNovember, ichivimbisa kuti purezidhendi mutongi aigona kuita mhiko ndokuita mabasa nokukurumidza munjodzi. Kugadziriswa kwakajekesawo kuti kana mutongi akafa asati afa, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi-atongi akava purezidhendi mukuru. Iyi gadziriro yakaedzwa muna 1963 apo Lyndon Johnson akatora mhiko maawa pashure pokuparadzwa kwaPrezidhente Kennedy; chinjo ine rugare yakasimbisa kugadziridzwa kwetsika yetsika yeAmerica. Kutaura chaiko kwapamhiko kwakaramba kusingachinjiki, asi nguva zvino inosimbisa nheyo yokusarutsira.

Kubatana Kwakabva Kune Vamwe Kuti Tizoverengazve

mhedziso

Mashoko emhiko youpurezidhendi anopfuura zvikuru muitiro wakanyorwa. Vanotsigisa kuva napamutemo kwebazu rinotungamirira mugamuchidzanwa rebumbiro remitemo iro rakatsungirira kwaanopfuura mazana maviri amakore. Kuvambira pakurukurirano dzavafundisi muPhiladelphia kusvikira pamutambo wakakomba pamatanho eCapitol, mhiko inofananidzira kuzviisa pasi kwoushingi kwesimba kumutemo. Purezidhendi mumwe nomumwe anodzokorora mashoko aya anofanira kugara nhaka ukoshi hwenhau nokuvimbwa kwavanhu. Munhambo yokuva nezvamatongerwe enyika nedenho, mhiko inoramba iri chiyeuchidzo chine simba chokuti Pricieon ihofisi yebasa, yakasungirwa nezvido zvakakwirira zvikurusa zveRepabhublic. Savagari, tinofanira kuteerera nokungwarira mashoko iwayo.