Mavambo Ekodzero Dzevagari Vemo muMuitiro Weruramisiro weAmerica

Ukama pakati pekodzero dzevagari vemo neruramisiro yeutsotsi muUnited States hunomirira imwe yenharaunda dzine simba zvikurusa nedzinokwikwidza. Iyi mhesano inotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwenzira iyo chaunga chinorondedzera nayo kururama, kuenzana, uye ruramisiro mumutemo. Nokuda kwavadzidzisi vapamutemo, vadzidzi, uye varapi, kunzwisisa iyi nzvimbo kunoda zvinopfuura kuziva nomusoro mitemo namashoko enhau (w) inoda kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwenzira iyo kurwisana kwenhau kunopfuurira nayo kuumba dzidziso yapamutemo nemiitiro zvokuchengeta.

Kodzero dzavagari vemo mukati meruramisiro yamatsotsi dzinobatanidza dziviriro parusaruro, vimbiso dzemuitiro wakafanira, uye maruramiro okubatwa zvakaenzana panhambo iri yose yomuitiro wapamutemo, kubva mukunzvera kupfurikidza nokutongwa, kutongerwa, uye zviitiko zvapashure pebvumirano. Gadziriro yapamutemo inodzora idzi dziviriro dzakavapo kupfurikidza nedudziro yebumbiro remitemo, mutemo wehurumende, uye zvisarudzo zvokutonga izvo zvinogamuchira chinja kwemiitiro yenzanga neyezvamatongerwe enyika.

Iyi tsinhiro inonzvera nheyo dzenhau dzekodzero dzavagari vemo mururamisiro youtsotsi, inonzvera zvinoitika zvemitemo zvinokosha, inokurukura rwisano dzazvino uno, uye inorangarira nzira iyo masangano edzidzo anogona nayo kushongedzera vadzidzi kupinda nenhau idzi dzakaoma nenzira ine revo.

Kukanganiswa Kwenhau Yomutemo Wekodzero Dzevanhu

Kubva Pakuvakazve Kuenda KuNguva Yamaruramiro Avagari Vemo

Chinotangira kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu mukutonga kwemhosva kunobva muBhuku reChirungu reYakaitirwazve pashure peHondo yevagari vemo.

Zvisinei, chipikirwa chekugadziridza chakatsiviwa nemitemo yeJim Crow, shandurura, uye kubvisa vagari vemuAfrica kubva kudziviriro dzedare routsotsi. Chibvumirano chinoisa purogiramu dzemitemo yeTsitsi neMadokoro Matema zvinoparadzisa nenzira inobudirira upenyu hweBlack nepo zvichiramba dziviriro dzapamutemo. Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusarudzo muna Plesby v. Ferguson (1896)[FL:1] chakabatanidza "BHANDURO asi yakaenzana", kuchigovera chifukidzo chapamutemo chamakumi amakore erwusarurano pamutemo.

Sangano razvino uno rekodzero dzavagari vemo rama 1950 nama 1960 rakadenha zvakananga ichi chirongwa. Vaiti vemitemo, magweta, uye vagariwo zvavo vakaisa upenyu hwavo mungozi kuti vade kubatwa kwakaenzana mumutemo. Nhamburiko dzavo dzakabudisa mutemo wokuchinja ndokumanikidzira matare kurangarirazve dzidziso dzakamira kwenguva refu idzo dzakanga dzapfuudzira dzinza mukati metsika yeruramisiro.

Mitemo Mikuru

Chibvumirano cheCivil Rights Act cha1946 chiri mutemo wehurumende wekodzero dzevanhu wakakwana munhau yeAmerica.Musoro wechiito chacho unorambidza rusaruro pahwaro hwedzinza, ruvara, kana kuti mavambo orudzi mupurogiramu dzinogamuchira betsero yemari yehurumende, iyo inobatanidza masangano akawanda ehurumende nedare rinotonga romunzvimbomo.

Voing Rights Act ya1965 yakadenha miitiro yokuvhota youtsotsi iyo yakatapura nenzira isingaenzaniswi nzanga shoma. Nepo isiri zvakananga pamusoro peruramisiro youtsotsi, gadziriro dzokuchengeta utsotsi dzakabetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti nzanga dzinotapurwa zvikurusa nemiitiro yeruramisiro youtsotsi dzingagona kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo mumuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika uye vamiriri vakasarudzwa vanozvidavirira kufariro dzavo.

Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Stact ye 1968 uye gadziriro dzemari dzakatevera dzehurumende dzakaita masangano okubatanidza mari yehurumende nekodzero dzavagari vemo. Chisimba Chiitiko neLaw Emplactment Act muna 1994 zvakabatanidza gadziriro dzinoda kuti hurumende dzigamuchire mari dzokuvaka jeri kuti dzishandise mitemo yezvokwadi mumitemo, mutemo wakabatsira zvikuru kusungwa kwavazhinji. Ikoku kuratidzira kuti mutemo wehurumende unogona sei kuva nezvose zviri zviviri zvakavavarira uye zvisina migumisiro nokuda kwekodzero dzavagari vemo.

[[FLT: 1]] [[FLT] Miganhuro yakakwirira yedare inoratidzira miganhuro yapamutemo yeSangano dzeChourt Shaidzo dzeChivi yeChivi chePostment Againtion muChigratialgist [[FLT2]] [FLT] , kunyange zvazvo zvichisimutsidzira dzimwe migariro dzavanhu, zvichiva zvinobvira kupfurikidza nokutsanangura mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akasiana adzo akasiana.[FFFFFFFFF] [FFF:]] [

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)] inoramba iri imwe yechisarudzo choutsotsi chinosanozivikanwa zvikuru. Dare rakaramba richirangarira kuti ropafadzo yeFindrencement inorwisana nokuzvidira inoda kuti mapurisa azive vanonyumwira kodzero yavo yokuramba vakanyarara uye kodzero yavo yokupa zano vasati vabvunzurudzwa. Miranda yazova chinhu chinofananidzirwa negadziriro yeutsotsi yeAmerica, kunyange zvazvo kurukurirano dzichipfuurira pamusoro pokushanda kwavo mukudzivirira vanhu vasina dziviriro.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) yakatanga maruramiro okupa zano nokuda kwavapomerwi vanopomerwa mumiitiro youtsotsi yehurumende. Iyi chisarudzo chakaziva kuti kusvika kune revo kururamisiro kunoda ratidziro yapamutemo, pasinei zvapo nepfuma yemari yomukwiridziridzo. Pasinei zvapo neiyi vimbiso yebumbiro remitemo, gadziriro dzavose dzinoramba dzichiri pasi penyika, mitoro inokurira, uye chipikirwa chomufananidzo wakakwana chinoramba chisingazadziki nokuda kwavakwirirwi vazhinji.

Batson v. Kentucky (1986) yakananga rusaruro rwedzinza mukusarudza vatongi. Dare rakaramba kuti vachuchisi havagoni kushandisa denho dzokudzivisira kuti vatongi vasave vakavakirwa padzinza ravo bedzi. Iyi chisarudzo chakanangidzirwa kubvisa mutoo mumwe uyo fungidziro yedzinza yakatapura nawo mutoo wokutonga. Zvisarudzo zvakawedzerwa Batson kuruvara rwechirume, kunyange zvazvo nzvero yedare inopfuurira kunyora ganhuriro dzedzinza mukusarudza dare rinokarakadza ganhuriro dzomutemo.

Kurangwa Uye Kutongerwa Rufu

Furman v. Georgia (1972) yakabvisa kwechinguvana mirau yose yerufu muUnited States. Dare rakawana kuti kushandiswa kwokuzvidira nokusachinja kwechirango chorufu, zvikurukuru kunyoreswa kwayo kuVatema vakwirirwi naavo vakauraya vachena, vakaputsa kurambidza kweSendment kwechirango chine utsinye nechisina kurovedzeka. Chisarudzo chacho chakaparira dandadzo pakuurawa kwamakore kusvikira muna 1976, apo Dare rakatenderwa miraudzo yakadzokororwa mu [[FLT:] Greggv. Georgia

Nzvero dzinopfuurira kunyora kusawirirana kwedzinza muchirango chorufu. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti vakwirirwi vanopomerwa vanyajambwa vachena vane bviro huru yokugamuchira chirango chorufu kupfuura avo vane vanyajambwa vari Vatema, kunyange apo vanodzora nokuda kwezvimwe mativi. izvi zvakawanikwa zvinomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti chirango chorufu chinogona kupiwa nenzira yakaenzana mukati menzanga inotenderwa nedzinza.

Miller v. Alabama (202) na Graham v. Florida (2010) yakakurukura kuranga kwavana vanopara mhosva, kutakura upenyu ihwohwo hwechikonzero husina kuganhurirwa nokuda kwemhosva dzepwere dzisiri dzechinyakare. Zvisarudzo izvi zvinoratidzira mipimo inochinja yetsika nokuziva kuti kuderera kwevachiri kuyaruka kunoda fungidziro dzakasiana kupfuura vatadzi vakuru.

Nhau Dzazvino Uno Pakupesana Kwamaruramiro Avagari Vemo Neruramisiro Youtsotsi

Utsinye Hwemapurisa Nekuzvidavirira

Zviitiko zvikuru zvinobatanidza kushandiswa kwamapurisa zvakaunza ngwariro yakamutsidzirwa kukuputswa kwamaruramiro avagari vemo mukati mekuchengetwa kwomutemo. Rufu rwavanhu kubatanidza George Floyd, Brenna Taylor, Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, uye vamwe vasingaverengeki vakanyandura kutsutsumwa munyika yose uye kuraira kuti pave nokuchinja kwegadziriro. Izvi zvinoitika zvinozivisa mitoo inopfuurira yesimba rakanyanyisa, zvikurukuru mukurwisana navanhu vatema neLatino, uye zvinomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pokuzvidavirira.

Federal maruramiro avagari vemo anopinzwa mu 18 U.S.C. 76 242, iyo inopinza muutsotsi maruramiro echivoko namaune pasi poruvara rwomutemo, inogovera mutoo mumwe wokutaura pamusoro pomufambiro wamapurisa. Zvisinei, uku kupomera kunotarisana nemhinganidzo dzapamutemo dzinokosha, kubatanidza chinodikanwa chokubvumikisa kuva nevavariro yamaune kusingapanikiriswi kune mufungo. U.S. Department of Justicial Rights Division [[[[FLT:]]] Department yeProfilence] yakanzverawo nzira yokunzvera nayo pasi pe 34 U.C.

Mitemo yokuzvidavirira yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo inobatanidza madare anotarisira vanhu, zvinodikanwa zvekamera zvedare, uye kunzvera kwokuzvimirira kwemibato iyi yakabatanidzwa. Kushanda kweiyi nhano kunoramba kuchikwikwidzwa. Nzvero pamakamera omutumbi inokarakadza kuderera kwakaderera kwakaderera mushandisirwa kwezvinoitika mumimitengo yakati, asi ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwoga harugoni kupedza nhau dzetsika nedzemiitiro yetsika mukati memapatopu. Mutemo wakadai seGeorge Floyd Justice in Policilling Act, iyo yakapasa Imba asi yakakundikana kuva mutemo, inokarakadzwa kurambidza zvivharo, kugumisa dziviriro kwakakodzera, uye kuvamba kunyoresa mapurisa kusazvibata.

Kuvengana Kwakawanda Nemisiano Yamadzinza

United States inokamura vanhu vakawanda kupfuura imwe nyika ipi neipi munyika. Vanhu vanenge 1,9 miriyoni vanochengetwa mumajeri ehurumende neehurumende uye majeri omunzvimbomo, neBlack America vakasungwa panenge nekashanu mwero wevachena veAmerica. Uku kusaruramisira kuripo padanho riri rose retsika youtsotsi, kubva pakusungwa, kupwiswa, kutongerwa, uye kusunungurwa.

Hondo yeMirimo, yakatanga muma1970 ndokusimbiswa mumakumi amakore akatevera, yakaita rutivi rukuru mukutyaira mwero yokusungwa nemhatsa dzamarudzi. Kunyange zvazvo mwero yokushandisa mirimo yakafanana mumapoka amarudzi, vaBlack America vakasungwa ndokuiswa mujeri nokuda kwemhosva dzemirimo pamwero yakakwirira zvikuru. Mitsetse miduku, mitemo miduku, uye zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa zvokwadi zvakabvisa chisarudzo chedare uye zvakaparira mitongo ine utsinye yakadzika zvikuru pavapondirwi vashomanene.

Musi weChiito cheFour Step ya2018 yakamirira nhamburiko dzokuvamba kukurukura mimwe yeiyi mitongo inopesana. Murayiro wakaderedza mitsetse yakaganhurirwa yakafanira nokuda kwemhosva dzakati dzemirimo, wakakudza "parati yengozi" kubvumira vatongi kuisa mitsetse pasi pemifungo inomanikidzirwa, uye zvinoshanda nenzira inoshanda zvakashandiswa paFair Sentensigling Act yeChirect ye 2010 kuderedza miraudzo yeccaine. Kunzvera kwapakuvamba kunokarakadza chiito chakaderedza mitsetse nokuda kwezviuru zvikuru zvevaparadzi vemirimo vasina masimba, kunyange zvazvo tapuro yayo pamiitiro yakapararira yedzinza mugadziriro yehurumende yave yakaderera. Hurumende yakaderera, kubatanidza kugadziridzwa kwemhosva dzakati, uye kugadziridzwa kwemitsetse yemitsetse, zvakawana matura mumativi akawanda.

Kudzidza Nezvesayenzi Nekodzero Dzevanhu

Kuwedzera kwezvishandiso zvokuongorora zvinhu (jekiseni) zvinoshandiswa pakuongorora zvinhu, kuongorora masero, masero okuedzesera, uye kufungidzira kuti mamiriro emitemo ezvemitemo epanzvimbo yacho achange ari epachivande, mashandiro anoitwa mapurisa anenge achinetsa kudzora mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende.

Ruzivo rwokuziva vanhu rwave ruchiratidzwa kuva nemhesano dzakakwirira nokuda kwavanhu vane ganda rakasviba, zvikurukuru vakadzi vane ruvara. Maguta anoverengeka, kubatanidza San Francisco, Boston, uye Portland, akarambidza kushandiswa kwehurumende kworuzivo rwokuziva chiso. Federal Trade Commission uye masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo akakumbira nokuda kwemamoresa ebasa romutemo kusvikira kururama neitiro yetsandanyama zvataurwa.

Maarufabheti echipopari anonzvera maatomu enhau anoratidzira nharaunda umo utsotsi hunodeya kuonekwa. Vatsoropodzi vanopikisa iyi miitiro inopfuuridzira mitoo yenhau yokunyanyova mizhinji munharaunda duku, vachiparira zvisakiso izvo zvinobatanidza kusawirirana kuripo. Basa re ACLU] rezvoruzivo rwokunzvera [ rinosimbisa mirangariro yerusununguko rwevagari vemo yeizvi zvishandiso uye vatsigiriri vezvinodikanwa zvokuona zviri pachena, kunzvera kwazvikwanisvo zviripo, uye mubatanidzwa wenzanga pamberi pokushandisa basa.

Kudzivirira kweGavhura kweChina pakunzvera kusina mufungo nehosha kwakadenhwa nokunzvera kwemichina. Dare Rapamusorosoro mu Carpeent v. United States (2017) raidavira kuti mapurisa anowanzoda maruramiro okuwana zvinyorwa zvenzvimbo yeserura yeserura, achiziva kuti mano okunzvera anoshandiswa paruzivo rwazvino uno anoratidzira fariro dzakavanzika idzo Repumende yeChina inofanira kudzivirira. Ichi chisarudzo chinoratidzira kudisa kweDare kuchinjika kwedzidziso dzebumbiro remitemo kuti dzichinjike, kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwaro kumimwe mitoo yokunzvera kusati kwadzidzwa kusingadzokororwi.

Zvirongwa Zvepamutemo Zvokuderedza Kupunzwa Kwekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Chikamu cha 1983 uye Kubatana Kunokwaniriswa

42 U.S.C. 76 1983 inogovera motokari huru nokuda kwavanhu vamwe navamwe kukukwirira hurumende navakuru vakuru vehurumende vomunzvimbomo, kubatanidza vakuru vakuru vemapurisa, nokuda kwokuputswa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo. Uyu mutemo unobvumira vadzori kutsvaka kuvadziko nokuda kwokushaiwa kwemitemo kwakaitwa muruvara rwomutemo wehurumende. Chikamu 1983 kuzvidavirira kwave kuchibetsera mukugadza kuzvidavirira nokuda kwekusazvibata kwamapurisa, kunyange zvazvo ichitarisana nemhinganidzo huru.

Kudzivirirwa kwakakodzera idzidziso inoumbwa nedare inodzivirira vakuru vakuru vehurumende pamhosva dzehurumende kutoti mufambiro wavo wakaputswa zvakajeka maruramiro akasimbiswa kana kuti ebumbiro remitemo. Matare anoshandisa nzvero yamativi maviri: kana maidi achiratidzira kuputswa kwekodzero yebumbiro remitemo, uye kana kodzero iyoyo yakasimbiswa zvakajeka panguva yokuputswa. Vatsoropodzi vanopikisa kuti kudzivirira kwakakwaniriswa kwazova mhinganidzo isingakundiki yokuyamutsirwi, zvikurukuru mumhaka dzine chokuita nezvimiro zvitsva zvomufambiro wakaipa kana kuti apo matare akaderera asina kunyora zvakananga maidi chaiwo panhau inokurukurwa.

Dare Rapamusorosa rakaramba kudzokororwazve dzidziso inodzivisa kubatwa nehosha yakakwaniriswa, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vatongi vakataura kuitira hanya pamusoro pokushandiswa kwayo. Zvikarakadzo zvapamutemo zvokuvandudza kana kuti kubvisa kudzivirirwa kwavakakwaniriswa zvafambira mberi pamwero wehurumende, naColorado, New Mexico, New York, Connecticut, uye vamwe vanoshandisa matanho anoganhurira dziviriro mukutonga kwedare rehurumende. Uku kuvandudza kwehurumende kunomirira fambiro mberi inokosha mukuchengetwa kwamaruramiro avagari vemo, sezvavanogadzira nzira dzokuzvidavirira idzo mutemo womubatanidzwa unoganhurira zvino.

Kuongorora Kwomuitiro

Nzvero dzetsika dzeFederal dzinogovera mumwe muitiro wokubata nokuputswa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo mukati memasangano anochengeta mutemo. Apo Department of Justice inonzvera ndokuwana chisakiso chine mufungo chokudavira kuti sangano rinopinda mumutoo kana kuti muitiro wokuputsa mutemo, ingatsvaka mutemo wokubvumirana kana kuti kunyora dare rinoda chinjo.

Mirayiro yakabvumira yakaita chinjo mugadziriro dzamapurisa munyika yose. Murayiro wokubvuma unodzora Seattle Police Department, somuenzaniso, wakada chinjo kuti ushandise mitemo yepepureyi, kupindira kwenjodzi nokuda kwavanhu vane chirwere chendangariro, uye kudzivirira kwetsika kwakaipa. Mitezo yeIndependero inotarisira kutevedzerwa, uye matare anochengeta simba rokuita kuti zviitwe. Zvisinei, kushanda kwemitemo inotsamira pachido chezvamatongerwe enyika chakasimba, pfuma yakakwana, uye kuvimbisana kwenzanga. Kunzvera pamusoro petapurofiti yavo refu kunoramba kuchibatanidzwa, nedzimwe fundo dzinowana kuvandudza zvumo zvezvematongerw pashure pokuongorora.

Kudzidzisa Kodzero Dzavagari Vemo Neruramisiro Youtsotsi Mukirasi

Kudzidza Kuverenga Zvinyorwa Zvepamutemo Zvinonetsa

Vadzidzisi vanotarisana nedenho yokubetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri gadziriro yedzidziso yomutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo nokushandiswa kwawo chaikoiko kwenyika. Kukudziridza kurava nokunyora kwapamutemo kunotsoropodza kunoda kupfupikisa kupfuura nhau kuti vaongorore kuti mutemo unoshanda sei mumashoko akapoteredza, uyo anobetserwa nedudziro dzakati, uye kuti mitemo yapamutemo inobatira sei nezvimiro zvenzanga.

Kusvika kunoshanda kunobatanidza kusanoraviwa kwamanyuko makuru akadai semifungo yeDare guru, mitemo yehurumende, uye mirayiro yokubvumirana pamwe chete nezvinogoverwa zvechipiri zvinogovera mashoko enhau netsinhiro dzinotsoropodza. Vadzidzi vanobetserwa nokunzvera kuti vatambudzi vakasiana sei vateshi venhau, magweta anodzivirira, vatongi vapurisa, vatsigiri venzanga . Kurovedza kwekurukurirano, kubatanidza kutaura kwokunyepedzera uye zvirongwa zvokunyora mitemo, zvinogona kubetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa mwero wapamutemo nenoshanda wekodzero dzavagari vemo.

Kutsigira Kururamisira Kwedzinza Nenzanga

Kudzidzisa kodzero dzevagari vemo mururamisiro youtsotsi kunoda kuvimbisana kwakananga nedzinza uye kusaenzana kwegadziriro. Kurangarira kworuvara kunobata mitemo yapamutemo seisinotora rutivi uye inoshanda munyika yose kunodzikatidza nzira idzo rudzi runoumba nadzo gadziriro yeruramisiro. Kunzvera kunoratidzira kuti misiyano yedzinza iripo papfundo riri rose rechisarudzo, uye ufakazi hwemifungo hunofanira kuzivisa kurukurirano yekirasi.

Kusimbisa ruzivo runobva kunyanzvi dzedzinza dzinotsoropodza, masayendisiti enzanga, uye vezvenhau vemitemo kunopfumisa kunzwisisa kwavadzidzi. Mabasa anonzvera mugariro wecarceral, ukama pakati pedzinza nomutemo woutsotsi, uye ganhuriro dzechinjo dzapamutemo dzinogovera zvishandiso zvemitemo zvokurangarira zvikakavadzano zvazvino uno. Pulse Society Foundations yokudzidzisa zvinhu [ zvinopa gadziriro dzokubatanidza maruramiro avagari vemo enhau kunhamburiko dzenguva ino dzeruramisiro youtsotsi.

Kudzidza Kwakaitwa Munharaunda

Kubatanidza kudzidza kubatanidzwa kwenzanga kukuita kuti vadzidzi vanzwisise kodzero dzavagari vemo nenhau dzeruramisiro. Kudzidza basa nehofisi dzinodzivirira vanhu vose, zvirongwa zvokusava nemhaka, mapurogiramu okudzorwa nevasungwa, kana kuti masangano emapurisa okuzvidavirira kunogovera mikana yokudzidza inopfuura. Vadzidzi vanogona kucherechedza kuti mitemo yepamutemo inoshanda sei mukushanda, kunzwisisa mitemo inotarisana navatsigiri navanachiremba, uye kutanga unyanzvi hwokugona kubatira kubasa rine revo.

Zvirongwa zvokunzvera zvinoshanda namasangano enzanga zvinobvumira vadzidzi kunzvera nhau dzomunzvimbomo dzakadai semiitiro yebheyi yemabhero, mitemo yechikoro kusvikira kutorongo, kana kuti zvirongwa zvemapurisa zvokunzveresa. Zvirongwa izvi zvinogadzira mari inosvikwa inozivisa kurukurirano dzemitemo uye inoita kuti nzanga dzive nesimba. Kudzidza kwenzanga kunoda kugadzirira nokungwarira, kurangarira kwakarongwa, uye ukama hunosimba pakati pamasangano edzidzo nenzanga.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Mukodzero Dzevagari Vemo Neruramisiro Yeutsotsi

Kariro Dzokuchinja Dzinotsigirwa Nomutemo

Makore achangobva kupfuura aya akaona mubato wemitemo unowedzera uchibata nenhau dzekodzero dzevagari vemo mukutonga kwemubatanidzwa wehurumende, wenyika, uye nzvimbo. Zvikarakadzo zveFederal zvakabatanidza George Floyd Justice in Policing Act, Empathy Act, Act yeMutengi (inopa pource cocaine kushurikidza crack/kubvisa muganhu wekodzero dzevagari vemo), uye Four People Act (kubatanidza gadziriro dzokuvhota dzinowirirana navanhu vanobatanidzwa mururamisiro). Nepo chinjo huru yehurumende yakabvumikisa kuva isingabudiriri, chinjo dzewe dzinopfuurira dzinopfuurira kupfurikidza navatakuri vemitengi vemiteshi, kuisa mitemo yedare, uye mirayiro yevakuru.

California, New York, Illinois, Oregon, uye dzimwe nyika dzakaita matanho okutaura nezvokuzvidavirira kwemapurisa, kushandura, kugadzirisa mabhero, uye ruramisiro yepwere. Nhamburiko idzi dzenzvimbo dzapasi pevhu dzinoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri bviro neganhuriro dzekusvika kwemitemo. Kuchinja kazhinji kazhinji kunotarisana nezvinetso, kudzivisa kutevedzerwa nefariro dzakadzika midzi, uye migumisiro isingadiwi inoda kugadziriswa kunopfuurira.

Kubvumira Kushanda Nokuronga Munzanga

Mugariro wekodzero dzavagari vemo wapanguva ino wakava nokukwira kwe "gweta rokushanda," mutoo unoisa magweta savatsigiri vane midzi inoronga panzvimbo pavatyairi vakuru vechinjo yenzanga. Magweta eboka anoshanda kutsigira zvinodikanwa namazano zvenzanga dzinotapurwa, achigovera unyanzvi hwapamutemo apo achiva nechokuna noutungamiriri hwenzanga panharidzano namazano.

Nzira iyi inoratidza zvidzidzo zvinobva musangano rekodzero dzevanhu, umo rukundo rwepamutemo rwemasangano akaita gadziriro idzo vatsigiri vesangano vaigona kushandisa. Mienzaniso yeContemporary inobatanidza magweta anoshanda nemasangano eBlack Live Confect, mapoka ekodzero dzokutamira kune dzimwe nyika, uye masangano ejeri anobvisa kodzero dzemapurisa kuti apedze mari yebhegi rokuvhara majeri. Ukama pakati pevatsi vepamutemo uye masangano enzanga hunomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pemiganhu yomutemo sechishandiso chokuwana ruramisiro.

Makambani Ane Kodzero Dzevanhu Munyika Yose

Kutanga kwekodzero dzevagari vemo kunobatanidza kubatanidza mipimo yekodzero dzevanhu yemarudzi ose mukutonga kwemhosva kwemudzimba. United States yakatendera zvibvumirano zvinoverengeka zvekodzero dzevanhu zvinokurukura nhau dzoutsotsi, kubatanidza Convention yaMarudzi Ose pakubviswa kweMitemo Yedzinza neSungano yeInternational on Civil and Politic Rights. Nepo izvi zvibvumirano zvisiri kuzviparadza zvoga uye zvisingaiti kodzero dzechiito mumatare eU.S., zvinogovera miitiro yetsika dzokuongorora maererano nemitemo yeU.S.

Masangano ekodzero dzavanhu kubatanidza Amnesty International neHuman Rights Watch akapupurira kuti maruramisiro outsotsi eU.S. anoputsa mipimo yamarudzi ose, kubatanidza kuratidzira kwedzinza, kushandiswa kwamasimba, uye migariro yokusungwa. Human Rights Watch inoshanda paruramisiro namaruramiro avagari vemo [ inoratidzira kuti gadziriro dzamarudzi ose dzinogona sei kuzivisa maruramiro enyika yose enyika uye kugovera dzvinyiriro yokuwedzera nokuda kwechinjo.

mhedziso

Kuwiriraniswa kwekodzero dzevanhu neruramisiro yeutsotsi kunomirira kupesana kwemitemo kwakasimba uye kwakakwikwidzana nerwisano dzenhau, kududzira kwebumbiro remitemo, chiito chemitemo, uye chiito chinopfuurira.

Kubva panheyo dzinovakirwa mukugadziridza zvinhu kusvikira kunharo dzenguva ino pamusoro pemapurisa, kuongorora, uye kusungwa kwavazhinji, mutemo wekodzero dzevanhu unopfuurira kushanduka - chinja mukuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu uye kusaenzana kunopfuurira. Zvirongwa zvemitemo zvinodzora nzvimbo iyi zvose zviri zviviri zvinomanikidzira uye zvinogonesa nhamburiko dzokuita ruramisiro huru, kugadzira nzvimbo dzokuva nomutemo nepo zvichiisawo ganhuriro dzinoratidzira kusimba kwomutemo mumigariro yakafara yenzanga.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi, fundo yekodzero dzavagari vemo neruramisiro youtsotsi inopa mikana yokukudziridza kutsoropodza kurava nokunyora pamutemo, kubatanidzwa nenhau dzenzanga dzinodzvinyirira, uye kugadzirira nokuda kwemabasa akatsaurirwa kufambisira mberi ruramisiro. Kupfurikidza nokutarisana nezvose zviri zviviri kubudirira nokukundikana kwomutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo, zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi zvinogona kuvaka pabasa raavo vakauya kare vachisundira kutsika yapamutemo yakarurama zvikuru neinotendeseka nokuda kwavose.