Basa renhengo yedare rinobetsera vatongi iko kuumba dare remitemo. Kunzwisisa kodzero nemitoro zvinouya neiri basa kunokosha kuti pave nechokwadi chokutongwa kwakarurama uye kutsigira nheyo dzeruramisiro. Kubatira padare rinobetsera vatongi isati iri basawo zvaro asi kushandiswa kukuru kwevagari vemo — iro rinoumba zvakananga mashandisirwe emitemo uye magadzirirwe anoitwa kusawirirana. Gore rimwe nerimwe, mamiriyoni eAmerica anogamuchira mazita, bva vakawanda vanoziva zvishoma pamusoro pezvinobatanidzwa. Nyaya ino inogovera kutarira kwokupedzisira pakodzero nemitoro yemitezo yedare, kubva panguva yokukokera kupfurikidza nechisarudzo chokupedzisira, uye anopa nhungamiro inoshanda nokuda kwokuzadzika uku kusungirwa kukuru kwedare.

Hwaro Hwebasa reJury

Basa reJury rakabva muSixth and Sevente Confecters kuBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rinovimbisa kodzero yokutongwa nedare risingasaruri mumhosva uye mumatare. Gadziriro inovimbisa kuti zvisarudzo zvepamutemo hazviitwi nomutongi mumwe kana kuti mukuru mukuru wehurumende asi neboka revagari vemowo zvavo vanoratidza tsika dzenzanga uye pfungwa dzavo. Vatongi vanoita sevatsvaki vechokwadi, vachiyera uye vachisarudza mhosva, mutongi achirayira mutemo. Kuparadzana kwemasimba kunodzivirira vakwiridziridzi uye vanochengetedza chivimbo chavose mujaji.

Jury Chii Chiri Basa?

Basa raJury rinobatanidza kudanwa kutora rutivi mukutonga uko uchateerera ufakazi hunopiwa mudare ndokubetsera kusarudza muuyo wenhau. Kune marudzi maviri makuru ematare amatare: petit jajir, iyo inosarudza kutonga kwavagari vemo kwakawanda neutsotsi, uye dare redare ramagariro [[FLT] ramakuru] dare, uko kunotema kana chikonzero chiripo chokupa mhaka munhau dzakakomba. Vagari vazhinjisa vanodana nokuda kwebasa kubatira padare rinobetsera. Muitiro unovamba namakokota anobva kudare, anoteverwa nechisarudzo chedare (zvinotyisa), ipapo muedzo umene, uye pakupedzisira kusvika chisarudzo.

Kukosha Kwokushanda Muchechi

Kutora rutivi mubasa redare rinobetsera vatongi kunokosha nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka:

  • Rinovimbisa kuti zvisarudzo zvapamutemo zvinoitwa neboka revezera ravo. Vatongi vanomirira kudindirwa kwenzanga, kuchiunza mifungo yakasiana - siana kukurangarirwa kwoufakazi.
  • Rinosimudzira kubatanidzwa mutsika dzemitemo. Vamiririri vanowana nzwisiso yakananga yemashandire anoita matare, inosimbisa kuvimbisana kwehurumende uye chivimbo mururamisiro.
  • Inobetsera kutsigira maruramiro kukutonga kwakarurama sezvinovimbiswa neBumbiro reMitemo. Pasina vatongi, hurumende kana kuti vapfumi vaigona kushandisa pesvedzero isakafanira pamiuyo.
  • Rinobatira sechekero pasimba rokutonga nerokuchuchisa. VaJuries vanogona kusunungura kunyange apo mutemo unoratidzika kuva unonongedzera kukuva nemhaka — mufungo unozivikanwa sokuparadzanya kwedare rinobetsera vatongi — kunyange zvazvo ikoku kusingatongorairwi.

American Bar Association inogovera kumwe kurava pa [[FLT: 0] kanzira yedare redare redare reAmerica [[FLT: 1].

Kodzero Dzenhengo YechiJudha

Kodzero idzi dzinochengetedza kuperera kwedare rinenge richitongwa uye dzinoita kuti vatongi vakwanise kuita zvinhu vasingatyi kana kuti vasingakurudziri.

Kodzero Yokusasarura

Mutongi ari wose ane maruramiro okusasarura uye kusasarura. Ikoku kunoreva kuti haufaniri kuva nemirangariro ipi neipi yakafanotaurwa pamusoro penhau yacho kana kuti mativi anobatanidzwa. Mukati mokushata kukuru, vatongi nagweta vachabvunza mibvunzo yokuziva mirangariro inobvira. Kana uchifunga kuti haugoni kuva akanaka, une maruramiro okutaura ikoko nenzira yokutendeseka. dare ipapo ringakupembedza. Kusasarura inzira mbiri: dare rinofanira kukudzivirirawo pakuratidzirwa kumashoko okunze (zvakadaro senhau) uko kungagona kushatisa rutongeso rwako.

Kodzero Yokuvanzika

Vatongi vane kodzero yokuchengeta zvakavanzika pamusoro pekurangarira kwavo. Zvinokurukurwa mukamuri redare rinobetsera vatongi zvinofanira kuramba zviri voga kuti vadzivirire kutendeseka kwomuitiro wokuita zvisarudzo. Uku kuvanza kwakavanzika kunobvumira gakava rakazaruka, rokutendeseka pakati pavatongi pasina kutya kuongororwa kana kuti kutsiva. Pashure pokutonga, matare akawanda anorambidza vatongi kunyora mashoko enhau, kunyange zvazvo mamwe mativi achibvumira kuziviswa kwapashoma pashure pokunge chisarudzo chapera. Kupunzwa kwechivi chedare redare redare kana kuti kunyange mhosva dzoutsotsi kunogona kutungamirira kukuzvidza dare kana kuti kunyange mumigariro yakati.

Kodzero Yokubvunza Mibvunzo

Vatongi vazhinji zvino vanobvumira vatongi kuisa mibvunzo yakanyorwa nokuda kwezvapupu, izvo mutongi achazvihwirudzura pamberi pokubvunza. Uku kwakarurama kunobetsera vatongi kunzwisisa zvizere uchapupu hwakaoma — somuenzaniso, mukusashanda zvakanaka kwezvokurapa kana kuti nhau dzakarongwa. Usazengurira kusimudza ruoko rwako kana uchida kujekeswa pamurayiridzo wapamutemo kana kuti nhau yakajeka. Mutongi aripo kuti abatsire, kwete kumisa.

Kodzero Yokuramba Kurayiridzwa Kusina Kufanira

Kana mutongi akapa mirayiridzo inoratidzika kuva isiri yapamutemo kana kuti isina kururama, vatongi vane maruramiro okuramba kuitevera. Iyi maruramiro anokosha kukuchengeta perero yebasa redare rinobetsera vatongi. Somuenzaniso, kana mutongi akakuraira kushurikidza pasinei zvapo nokupanikira kune mufungo, unosungirwa nenzira yetsika kutevera mutemo sezvaunounzwisisa — ungagona kubatanidza kuzvidza murairidzo iwoyo. Zvisinei, uyu mugariro wakanyanyisa; mukushanda, vatongi vanofanira kupa miraidzo yakavakirwa pamuenzaniso. Vatongi vanofanira kutsvaka kujekeswa nguva dzose kana vachidavira kuti murairidzo hauna kufanira.

Dzimwe Kodzero

  • Kodzero yokuva akasununguka pakutsiva.[[FLT: 1] nemitemo yehurumende zvinorambidza vashandirwi kupfura, kutyisidzira, kana kuti kuranga vashandi nokuda kwokubatira mudare rinobetsera vatongi. Kana ukatarisana nokutsiva, une dziviriro yapamutemo.
  • [ Kodzero yokuwana pokugara pakafanira. Kana une urema kana kuti mugariro wokurapwa, dare rinofanira kugovera pokugara zvakadai semidziyo yokuteerera, kusvika pawiricheya, kana kuti kuzorora kwomuraudzo.
  • [ Kodzero yokuripirwa (mudzimwe nyika). matare mazhinji anobhadhara mari yezuva nezuva nendyiko dzekufamba. Nzvera nedare romunzvimbomo nokuda kwezvitsama zvakati.
  • Kodzero yokunyora zvinonyorwa. matare mazhinjisa zvino anobvumira vatongi kunyora zvinonyorwa mukati mokutonga kuyamura yeuko mukati mokurangarira.

Website yepamutemo yeUnited States inogovera chitsama chine udzame chezvikwaniriso , kusapinda, uye kodzero.

Mabasa Omumwe Mutezo Wokuvi

Pamwe chete nekodzero dzavo, nhengo dzedare rinobetsera vatongi dzinewo mabasa anokosha anofanira kutsigirwa kuti pave nemhosva yakanaka.

Kupinda Dare

Rimwe remitoro mikuru yomutongi nderokupinda marusando edare sezvinodikanwa. Zvibvumirano zvinogona kudzongonyedza mutoo wokutonga uye zvingatungamirira kumigumisiro yepamutemo. Kana ukadanwa, unofanira kuoneka pazuva rakatarwa kutoti wapiwa kusundwa kana kuti kupiwa dare. Kusava kwenguva refu kunogona kuguma nokuzvidza dare, faindi, kana kuti kunyange nguva yomujeri mumhaka dzakanyanyisa. Kana kumuka nokukurumidza mukati mokutonga, dare rinozivawo mhaka yakakomba; chikwata chose chokutonga — vatongi, vatongi, zvapupu, uye vamwe vatongi — vanotsamira pamunhu aripo panguva inoteverwa.

Kuteerera Uchapupu

Vadzori vanofanira kuteerera nokushingaira ufakazi hunopiwa mukati mokutonga. Ikoku kunobatanidza kupa ngwariro kuuchapupu, mirangariro younyanzvi, uye ufakazi chaihwo. Kuteerera kwokushingaira kunoreva kunyora zvinonyorwa kana zvikabvumidzwa, kudzivisa zvinotsausa (foni dzinofanira kunyaradzwa ndokuraswa), uye kusaita mhedziso dzapamberi penguva. Chisarudzo chinofanira kuvakirwa paufakazi hunobvumwa mudare bedzi — kwete pazivo yomunhu oga, ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwomunhu oga, kana kuti fungidziro. Usaita kunzvera kwako umene: hapana kunzvera, shanyo dzapanzvimbo, kana kuti kurukurirano navanonzvera paIndaneti pamusoro penhau yacho.

Kuda Kushamwaridzana Nevamwe Vaya Vari Kutambura

Pashure pokutonga, vatongi vanofanira kuita noune nevamwe vavo vatongi kuti vape chisarudzo. Izvi zvinoda kukurukurirana pachena, kuremekedza, uye kurangarira mirangariro yakasiyana. Mutongi mumwe nomumwe ane maruramiro okuchengeta murangariro wake amene, asi vavariro ndeyokusvika chisarudzo chimwe chete (mumitongo yeutsotsi) kana kuti kunyanyisa. Kurega kutaurirana kunobatanidza kukurukura ufakazi, kushandisa mirayiridzo yemitemo, uye kushanda nokusabvumirana. Vatongi vanobudirira vanoteerera zvikuru sezvavanotaura, vodzivisa kudenha kwomunhu oga, uye kuramba vakananga pamaidi. Kana mutongi akaramba kuita namaune kana kuti kungongoitawo zvake, zvinokanganisa.

Kupa Mhiko Yakanaka

Vatongi ndivo vane mutoro wokupa chisarudzo chakavakirwa paufakazi hunopiwa mudare. Kunokosha kudzivisa mirangariro yomunhu oga ndokunangidzira ngwariro pamaidi enhau yacho. Chisarudzo chinofanira kuratidzira icho ufakazi hunobvumikisa — kunze kwepanikiro ine mufungo mumhaka dzoutsotsi, kana kuti kupfurikidza nokurangarira ufakazi munhau dzehurumende. Vajeri havafaniri kurangarira chirango, tsitsi, kana kuti murangariro wavose. Kana usingagoni kufuratira mirangariro yako, unofanira kuzivisa mutongi kuti ugone kupembedzwa. Pashure porutongeso, matare mazhinjisa achakuonga nokukusunungura; mumimwe mitemo, ungakumbirwa kuramba uchiwanika nokuda kwechigaro chenguva pfupi.

Kusarudza Jury (Mutambo Wakaipa)

Kunzwisisa zvakanyanyisa — muitiro wokubvunza vatongi vanobvira — kunokubetsera kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri kodzero dzako nemitoro kubvira panguva yaunopinda mudare. Mutongi namagweta vanobvunza mibvunzo yokuziva tsvetedzo dzipi nedzipi kana kuti rwisano dzingakudzivisa kuva asingasaruri. Unofanira kupindura nokutendeseka uye zvakakwana. Usaedza kuvanza tsvete kuti upinde kana kuti urege kutongwa nedare; ikoko kunokurira donzo romuedzo wakarurama. Kana une nhamo — yakadai sechinetso chikuru chemari kana kuti misengwa yokutarisira — ungakumbira kupembedzwa. matare mazhinji anoregeredza basa kuzuva rakati wandei.

Mukati mekudenha, magweta angashandisa denho dzinoparadza (kudzivisa mutongi pasina kupa chikonzero) nedenho nokuda kwechisakiso (kusasarura rusaruro). Une maruramiro okuziva chikonzero nei uri kudenhwa nokuda kwechisakiso, kunyange zvazvo kusati kuri nokuda kwokudenha. Rusarura, chive chirume, kana kuti kumwe kurova kwokudzima. Kana ukadavira kuti wakadenhwa nemhaka yorusaruro, ungamutsa chirambidzo kupfurikidza nezano rako umene, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kusingawanzowaniki.

Vatongi

Kuti uite mitoro yako zvinobudirira, unofanira kunzwisisa maitiro makuru okutonga.

  1. [[FT:0] Kutaura kuvhura: Attorney nokuda kwerutivi rumwe norumwe dzinoratidzira zvadzinoda kubvumikisa. Izvi hazvisi ufakazi asi mamepu emugwagwa.
  2. Kupiwa kwoufakazi: Mupurisa kana kuti muroveri mhaka anotanga kupa nhau yake, kubatanidza chipupuriro nezviratidziro. Kuzvidzivirira ipapo kunopa mhaka yakwo. Ruvara rumwe norumwe rungapa zvapupu zvinoyambuka. Ndirwo mwoyo wokutonga.
  3. [[FLT: 0] Tsvakauro:[[FLT: 1] MaAttorney anopeta ufakazi ndokuitirana nharo chikonzero nei vatongi vachifanira kuwana nyasha dzavo.
  4. [[[FRAT:0] Miraidzo yematuro: Mutongi anorava nheyo dzapamutemo dzaunofanira kushandisa kumaidi awawana.
  5. [ . [ Iwe navatongi biyako munokurukura nhau yacho muri moga ndokusvika chisarudzo.

Kana chirambidzo chichitsigirwa, furatira chipupuriro; kana chikanyanyotongwa, ungarangarira; usasarudza kutozosvikira pashure pokugumisa nharo, uye ramba wakazaruka ndangariro pakurangarira.

Matambudziko Akasangana Nenhengo DzechiJudha

Mitezo yeJury ingatarisana nezvinetso zvinoverengeka mukati mebasa rayo zvinogona kutapura mano ayo okuita mabasa ayo.

Kunetseka Mupfungwa

Kunzwa ufakazi munhau dzakakomba — zvikurukuru utsotsi hwamasimba masimba, kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana, kana kuti kuvadziko dzinorwadza — kunogona kuva kunorwadza mundangariro. Vadzori vangatambura funganyo, funganyo, hope dzinovhunduka, kana kuti kunyange zviratidzo zvedzvinyiriro yapashure pekunzwa. Kunokosha kutsvaka tsigiro kana kudikanwa. matare mazhinji anopa mabasa okupa zano kana kuti muitiro wakavanzika kutaura nomutongi pamusoro penhamo yako pasina kuzivisa zviri mukati mako. Yeuka kuti uri kuita basa ravose riri madikanwa; mhinduro yako yemirangariro ndeyenguva dzose. Pashure pokutongwa, kutaura nanyanzvi kunogona kukubetsera kuita chinoitika. National Center for State Couts inogovera zviwiro zvemari ye [FLT:] jumania yefunganyo.[FLT: 1]

Kuzvipira Panguva

Basa reJury rinogona kuraira musengwa wenguva inokosha, uyo ungarwisana nemisengwa yomunhu oga kana kuti yebasa. Nepo miedzo yakawanda ichigara mazuva mashomanene chete, mimwe — zvikurukuru mhaka dzakaoma dzevagari vemo kana kuti kutonga kwoutsotsi hwehurumende — inogona kushanda mavhiki kana kuti kunyange mwedzi. Kuronga mberi kunogona kubetsera kutarisira mutoro uyu. Kuisa mushandirwi wako nokukurumidza, somutemo wehurumende unorambidza kutsiva basa redare redare. Kana kutonga kwacho kuchikarirwa kuva kurefu, mutongi angabvunza pamusoro penhamo dzakanyanyisa. Muzvinoitika zvakadaro, ungarevererwa kana kuti kunonoka. Kubhadharwa nokuda kwemikoro yakara (kana mushandirwi wako asingakubhadhari apo unenge uchibatira) uye kuronga kutarisirwa kwavana kana kuti kutarisira kupfumba kupfuvura nguva mberi.

Kunzwisisa Nhau Dzemitemo Dzakaoma Kunzwisisa

Vatongi vangabvunza kuti zvinhu zvipi nezvipi panhau dzemitemo zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Vangada kubvunza mibvunzo uye kutsvaka kujekeswa pazvinenge zvakakodzera. Musanyara kuibvuma. Mutongi anogona kutsanangura pfungwa dzepamutemo, uye unogona kukumbira makopi akanyorwa emirayiridzo. Munyaya dzemirayiridzo — dzakadai sekakavadzano dzakajeka kana kuti kubhadharwa kwenyaya — mutongi negweta vanowanzopa uchapupu mumashoko akajeka. Kana shoko richiri kuvhiringidza, rikakwidziridza munguva yokufunga; vatongi biyako vanogona kuva nenzwisiso, kana kuti unogona kutumira tsamba kumutongi. Sangano yose inotsamira pakunzwisisa kwako.

Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Nemiuyo

Kunzwisisa izvi kunoita kuti uve nechivimbo chokushumira usingatyi.

Scenario Protection / Consequence
Employer retaliation Federal law prohibits termination, threats, or demotion. Violators may be liable for lost wages, reinstatement, and damages. View DOL fact sheet.
Juror misconduct (contacting a party, doing outside research) Can lead to mistrial, contempt of court, or even criminal charges. Judges take misconduct very seriously.
Failure to appear without excuse May result in a fine (typically $100–$500) or contempt order. Some courts issue bench warrants.
Disclosing deliberative discussions publicly Potential contempt charge. Post-verdict disclosure may be allowed in some states but not during deliberations.

Mazano Anoshanda Okushumira Semurwi

  • Gadzirira dare. Uya nebhuku kana kuti laptop (kana zvichibvumirwa) nokuda kwenhambo dzokumirira, asi iva akagadzirira kutarisa mukati mokutongwa. Siya foni nemimwe midziyo mumotokari kana kuti kuidzima chose chose.
  • [ Zvipfeko zvebhizimisi zvakakodzera. zvipfeko zvebhizimisi zvapanguva dzose zvinoratidza ruremekedzo nokuda kwedare.
  • [ Tora zvinonyorwa. Kana dare richibvumidza, kunyora maidi makuru, cherechedzo dzinopupurira kuvimbika, uye nhamba dzoufakazi. Shandisa peni nepepa zvakagoverwa nedare.
  • [[FT:0] Gara wakarongwa. Chengeta bheji rako rejuror, miraidzo, uye zvinonyorwa muvhozhokero imwe.
  • Usakurukura mhaka yacho kunze kwekamuri redare rinobetsera vatongi. Usati nemhuri, shamwari, kana kuti kunyange vamwe vatongi kusvikira kurangana kwavamba.
  • [[FT:0] Kumbira betsero kana ichida. Kana uchinzwa wakurirwa, wavhiringidzika, kana kuti unorwara, zivisa beilfif.
  • [[FT:0] ramba uchiziva. Usasarudza kuva nemhaka kana kuti kusava nemhaka kutozosvikira wanzwa ufakazi hwose nemiraidzo. Chinja murangariro wako mukati mokurangarira kana ufakazi huchikuraira.

mhedziso

Kubatira somutezo wedare rinobetsera vatongi ibasa rinokosha rinouya nezvose zviri zviviri kodzero nemitoro. Gadziriro yacho inotsamira pavagari vemowo zvavo vanodisa kuteerera, nenzira isina ruramisiro, uye vanopa chisarudzo chakavakirwa pamutemo noufakazi. Nokunzwisisa dziviriro dzinopiwa kwauri — kusasarura, kuvandika, mano okutsvaka kujekeswa — uye kupfurikidza nokuita misengwa yako yokupinda, kuteerera, uye kutora rutivi mukurangarira, unogovera kune rimwe ramasangano anokosha zvikurusa ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Nguva inotevera yaunogamuchira dare rinobetsera, kurangarira kwete somutoro asi somukana wokutsigira ruramisiro munzanga yenyu.