Hurukuro dzenhau hadzisi mashoko anonzwika zvawo munguva, idzo idzoro reupenyu hwevagari vemo, dzinobata rwisano dzinorondedzera nezvishuvo zvenhambo dzavo. Kuvambira pamhenderekedzo dzine mabwe dzeAtene yekare kusvikira kunhano dzeChirangaridzo cheLincoln, vakurukuri vakashandisa simba rokutaura kuti varondedzere zvatine mhosva neizvo hurumende dzedu dzine musengwa wedu. Iyi kurukurirano inogara pakati pekodzero nemabasa anosarudzwa navanhu. Kupfurikidza nokunzvera idzi kero dzinonetsa, tinowana zvidzidzo zvisingaperi pakuchengeta rusununguko, kuraira ruramisiro, uye kuzadzika mabasa edu savagari vemo vanoshingaira. Kunzwisisa iyi inhano yokutanga muchinyorwa chitsauko chinotevera chenhau yedu yavose.

Simba Rokutaura Munzanga Inoshatisa

Kutaura kunoshanda kunoita zvinopfuura kupa mashoko; kunoita ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwemirangariro norwuchenjeri. Vanotsamira pazvivako zvokusada kupindura. ($FLT: 3) zvinochinja pfungwa uye zvinokurudzira chiito. Mazita akafanana Frederrick Douglas [[[FL:1]], ] Winston [[FLT]S, chiicho [[FLT], [[FLT]], uye [[FLT] Sourty Truth [[FLD]] ainzwisisa kuti kurwira kodzero kunowanzovamba nomutauro pamusoro porurimi. Magariro aro anoshandiswa kurumbidzika rudzi rwechine?]

Nenzira yakafanana, Franklin D. Roosevelt akashandisa 1941 State of the Union pat states kuti aone chiono chenyika yapashure pehondo yapasi pose yakavakirwa pakodzero dzevanhu vose. Kupfurikidza nokurondedzera “Rusununguko rwekutaura”, rusununguko rwokunamata, rusununguko pakushaiwa, uye rusununguko pakutya. Yakaisazve chinangwa cherwisano yenyika yose. Yakanga isisirizve pamusoro pokudzivirira rudzi asi pamusoro pokuchengeta mupimo wenyika yose wekodzero dzavanhu. Ikoku kuratidzira mano enhau okuita fungidziro dzetsika dzenyika. Ivo havangoratidziri zvavo mipimo iripo; vanozvigadzira nokushingaira, vachiisazve mabhiza matsva nokuda kwezvinofanira kuitwa nenzanga.

Kufundwa kwemashoko aya kunoratidzawo ukoshi hwemashoko akapoteredza. Kutaura kunotaurwa panguva yenjodzi (Hondo yevagari vemo, Kuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi, Mutezo weCivil Rights) kune ukoshi hwakasiyana pane unopiwa munguva yorugare. Kukurumidzira kwenguva inojekesera mashoko omukurukuri. Naizvozvo, kuongorora hurukuro dzenhau kunoda kunzwisisa zvichemo zvakati, kutya, uye tariro dzakazvinyandura. Kuongorora uku kunopa nzwisiso yakakura, yakajeka zvikuru yemawandutsirwe ekodzero, kudzivirira, uye, panguva nenguva, kunosimbisa mativi makuru anobatanidzwa muhurukuro yavose.

Matombo Ekodzero Dzevanhu: Zvatinodzidza Musangano

Mazana emakore, vatsigiri vakarevedzera kuti vape vanhu kodzero dzinokosha uye kuti vade kupiwa kodzero dzavo dzinokosha.

Rusununguko Rwokutaura Negungano

Hakuna maruramiro akatanhamara zvikuru kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshanda kupfuura rusununguko rwokutaura ndangariro yomunhu ndokuungana norugare. Kutaura kwenhau dzinodzivirira iyi kunowanzobuda munguva dzokudzvinyirirwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, mukati mezana ramakore rechi20, vatungamiriri vavashandi namadzimai emishoni vaiwanzosungwa nemhaka yokushandisa idzi maruramiro. Kutaura kwavo kubva panomira kana kuti sero rejeri kwakava netabheti ine simba kuchitendero chokuti kutaura kwakasununguka ndiko maruramiro enheyo kubva kuapo vamwe vose vanobuda. Idzi tsinhiro dzakataura kuti hurumende inonyaradza kusatenderwa. Rura maruramiro okutaura nokuunganidza haaiendimiswi seyamuro, asi secherekedzo pasimba rehurumende, mutoro unogoverwa navagari vose kuvimbisa kuti vadzokerwe vadzokero yavo.

Kodzero Yokuva Nomwero uye Yokururamisira

Chikamu chehurukuro dzenhau chinoratidzira zvikuru kudikanwa kwokuenzana mumutemo. Erizabeth Cady Stanton[FL:1] ye “Kuzivisa kwaMashoko eGaveriaments” (11848) kwakaratidzira noune mutauro weChibvumirano cheKuzvitonga kuti chikwikwidziridza kuvaenzana kwavakadzi, chiito chine simba chaisimbisa kubviswa kwehafu yavagari vemo kubva kuzvipikirwa zvamavambo enyika. [FLT:] Maritin King Jr.[FLT:] [FT]] [ith] ya “Regai kubva kuBirming Jail] ndimumwe mutengi mukuru mukuraira ruramisiro. Mambo haana kungotaura mutemo wakakwirira, uye kuti mutemo hauna murairo wakaipa. [[FLT] pakurwisana kwake namaruramiro avagari vehurumende.[F.3] Chipo] Chipo cha [Idzo] Chinotori chinodikanwa kupfurikidza nechizhinji chinoziviswa nehurumende chinodikanwa kupfurikidza nechakarurama.

Kodzero Yokutamba

maruramiro okuvhota ndiwo mutoo uyo vagari vemo vanodzora nawo hurumende yavo. Zvakawanda zvehurukuro dzinonyandura zvikurusa munhau ikero dzokunyoresa. Susan B. Anthony kutaura kwokuti, “Ichi Chitsotsi ku Vote?” [1873], chakagoverwa pashure pokunge asungwa nokuda kwokuvhota, akaisa nyora sekodzero huru yevagari vemo. Akataura kuti vimbiso yeBumbiro remitemo yedziviriro nokuda kwavanhu yakabatanidza maruramiro okuvhota, maruramiro okuti hakuna hurumende inofanira kuva nebhiriji. Idziro refu kuita mumiririri wechokwadi. Vanoyeuchidza kuti maruramiro okuvhota uye vanoraira kusanokamura nokukamukaka. Mutengi mukuru wezvamatongerwe enyika anosanova anobatanidzwa.

Mari Yemari: Mitoro Yavagari Vemo

Kodzero dzinowanzokurukurwa mukuparadzaniswa, asi hurukuro dzenhau nguva dzose dzinodzibatanidza nemitoro inowirirana. Chaunga chakasununguka hachigoni kurarama pasina vagari vemo vanobatanidzwa, vanoziviswa, uye vanodisa kurega zvimwe zvinhu nokuda kwezvakanaka zvakafanana. Ukama inhau huru yezvikamu zvizhinji zvinokosha zvikurusa zvenhau.

Basa Rebasa uye Kutonga kwoMutemo

Mu “Fural Oration,” [[FLT: 0] yakapemberera hurumende yeAtene yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu asi nokukurumidza akasimbisa mabasa avagari vemo vayo. Akataurira kuti mugari wemo asingatori rutivi muupenyu hwavanhu vose haasati achingova zvake asi asingashandi kuhurumende. Iyi pfungwa iyi (jena democracy) inoda kutora rutivi runoshingaira. John F. Kennedy[[FL:3]] anotanga kutaura mu 1961 kuisa ikoku muchimiro chayo chakakurumbira zvikurusa. “Inobvunza kuti nyika yako haigoni kuita icho nyika yako inogona kuita nokuda kwako. Inogona kuita kuti uite basa nokuda kwenyika yako." Ikoku kusimbisa kuti tifarikanye kukodze maruramiro anofarikanya nokubatira pamutemo. [[FLTY] [FLT] [FY]] mu 1961 anobvisa mugaro wemitemo yomutemo, inoparira kuita mabasa akakurumbira zvikuru kunzanga. Vanoita kuti vashande zviito zvisingadzorwi. Vanoita kuti vatsigiriki vatsiki vatsigiriki vatsiri.

Mutoro Wokungwarira

Mutengo werusununguko kungwarira kunopfuurira. Kutaura kwenhau kunowanzonyevera kuti maruramiro haasati ari okuzvichinja. Thomas Jefferson kwakakurumbira kududzwa kuti “fambiro mberi yomusikirwo yezvinhu idzedzedzero yerusununguko nehurumende kuti iwane.] Nhembedzo dzakatsaurirwa kunzvera simba rehurumende dzinosimbisa basa romugari wemo sewaward. [[FLT:] Anti-FEDRAFY] pepa namanzwi enhau zvinonyevera zvakananga pamusoro pekusimbiswa kwesimba uye kusimbisa kudikanwa kwokungwarira vanhu vose. Muzana ramakore 20, Senter [FLT] [F] [5]

Ruremekedzo Netsitsi Munzanga Yakasiana

Chinetso, chinowanzofuratirwa, mutoro wokubata vamwe noruremekedzo netsitsi. Uyu mufungo mukuru kuna Abraham Lincoln Adiresi Yechipiri yeIntaugial. Nehondo yeChizvarwa chavagari vemo ichiswedera pedyo, Lincoln akadana nokuda kwe “kubatana nemunhu ari wose.” Iye akaumba basa rokuvakazve rudzi kwete serokuranga, asi reyananiso. Kutaura uku kunodzidzisa kuti mitoro yougari hwemo inotambanurira kupfuura mitoro yepamutemo kubatanidza misengwaro yetsika yokusunga zvisungo uye kuremekedza chiremera chavashori vezvamatongerwe enyika. Muhurumende yehurumende yehurumende yese. Muneindero yakasiyana, vagari vemo vemo yehurumende vanofanira kusakurira mano okuteerera mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana neanokosha kwavari uye kuremekedza maererano nomunhu mumwe nomumwe.

Kuongorora Nyaya Mune Zvakaitika

Izvi hazvisi zvinhu zvekare chete; mienzaniso yematauriro anoitwa nevakuru vekare uye mitoro yavanozowana munguva dzenjodzi uye dzemikana.

Gettysburg Kero (1863)

Mumashoko 272 chete, Abraham Lincoln akarondedzerazve kuedza kweAmerica. Akatenderera kubva muhondo chaiyo kuenda kupfungwa yenyika yose: “kuti rudzi urwu, mukutonga kwaMwari, ruchava norudzi rutsva rworusununguko(/naro hurumende yavanhu, nevanhu, harusati ruchizoparara panyika.] Kutaura kwakaumbwazve neHondo yevagari vemo kwete serwisanowo zvayo pamusoro pomubatanidzwa, asi somuedzo wokuti kana rudzi rupirupi norwupi rwakatsauyiswa kuuenzani rungagona kupukunyuka. Chidzidzo chikuru mumutoro wokuchengeta gadziriro yavanhu inorwisana nehurumende. Lincoln akadana vapenyu kuti vazvitsaurire ku “basa rakaderera” rokugadzira basa rine simba.

Rusununguko Runa (1941)

Yakapiwa mwedzi gumi nemimwe pamberi pedenho paPearl Harbor, Franklin D. Roosevelt kero yavanhu yakarongedzerwa kubvisa murangariro wavose pakuzviparadzanisa kuti vatsigire vaAlles. Akanyora mufananidzo wenyika yakavakirwa parusununguko rwavanhu ina runokosha. Iyi yakanga iri mhindu nemhaka yokuti yakakudza rondedzero yehondo yeAmerica kuti ibatanidze maruramiro avanhu. Yakaisa mutoro paUnited States kutungamirira hondo yokurwisana noudzvinyiriri. Freedoms gare gare gare gare yakava divi re [[FLT:] Universition of Human Rightss [[FLT]], inoratidzira kuti kutaura kumwe kupfurikidza nomutemo wamarudzi ose.

Ndine Chiroto (1963)

Zvichida kutaura kukurusa kwemifananidzo munhau yeAmerica, Dr. kero yaMarch paWashington iboka guru mukubatanidza maruramiro nemabasa. Mambo akaomerera kuti vashori vaiva nomutoro wokuita rwisano nechiremera nechirango, “vasingabvumiri kurwisana kwedu nokuoma kuti kuve mhirizhonga. [[FLT] akaumba kurwa kwekodzero dzevagari vemo sechinodikanwa che“ mari” yakanga yaiswa chiratidzo chapamutemo, , chaita kuti rudzi ruzvidavirirwe mapepa arwo. Kutaura kwacho kuve mune chiono charwo chenguva yemberi. Kunodana pavose vari vaviri vachena navatema kuti vashande, kuyeuchidza vazhinji kuti kudiwa kwavo vamene kumaruramiro avaduku.

Handizi mukadzi here? ( 1851)

Kupiwa pakokorodzano yavakadzi muAkron, Ohio, Zvokwadi yeSojourner kutaura kwakaipa kwaidenha nharo dzakapararira dzokuti vakadzi vakanga vasina simba zvikuru kana kuti vaitya kuda maruramiro akaenzana. Kushandisa ruzivo rwavo vamene rwokuzviwanira somukadzi aichimbova muranda, akabvisa ruramiso youchenjeri nokuda kwevatano nedzinza. Kuramba kwake kwakadzokororwa, “Ini mukadzi?” kwakamanikidzira vateereri kuyananisa mirangariro yavo nezvokwadi yechinoitika chake. Uku kutaura irugwaro rwapakuvamba nokuda kwokupindirana, kudzidzisa kuti kurwa kwamaruramiro ekodzero kunofanira kutaura pamusoro perwisano yechienzi yaavo vari pamicheto. Zvokwadi inobatanidza mutoro womunhu amene anodenha.

Zvirongwa zvemazuva ano: Kugara munyika yeInternational and Public Square

Nheyo dzinoiswa muidzi hurukuro dzenhau dzinoshanda zvikuru nhasi, zvikurukuru mumashoko oruzivo rwemichina. Kodzero yokutaura norusununguko, inodzivirirwa navakawanda, zvino inoshandiswa nemabhiriyoni pamasangano enhau. Zvisinei, Mitoro ye inoperekedza urwu kodzero haruna kuchinja, kunyange kana svikiro rina. Musika wepfungwa, pfungwa inovambira kare kuna John Stuart Milll na Justice Oliver Welvell Holmes, inotsamira pakurukurirano yakasimba. Asi misika yemisika inokasarira inobatanidza zvino kusimbisa manyuko nokufunga zvakanaka pamberi pokugoverana zviri mukati.

Kupfuurirazve, mutoro woruremekedzo netsitsi wakakomba zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose. Hurukuro yapaIndaneti kazhinji kazhinji haisati iri yavanhu vokubatira pamwe nechiso. Hurukuro dzenhau dzinotiyeuchidza kuti kuvimbisana kwehurumende kunobudirira kunobatanidza kunyengetedza, kwete kungoshora bedzi. Shingaidziko yokutaura pamusoro pokusaruramisira inofanira kubatanidzwa nouchenjeri hwokuteerera. Sezvo Margaret Chase Smith akatsigira paboka rake amene, vagari vemo vazvino uno vane mutoro wokudenha mashoko asina kururama uye kutuka mukati nharaunda dzavo vamene. Nzvimbo yenzvimbo inogariranwa yamashoko inoda kushingaira, vatsigiri vanotsigira mipimo yeFirst Amendment nepo nevanopa mipiro yenhau apo hurukuro yavose inogona kubudirira.

Mugumo: Kukurukura Kunotsungirira

Hurukuro dzenhau dzakadzika zvikurusa hadzipi mhinduro dzakapfava.Panzvimbo pezvo, dzinomutsa mibvunzo inodenha pamusoro peruramisiro, kuenzana, uye chibairo. Dzinotiyeuchidza kuti kodzero hadzisi maruramiro asingashandi; dzinoda dziviriro inoshingaira. Mitoro haisi mitoro; maropafadzo okurarama munzanga yakasununguka. Kubva mukuraira nokuda kwe “kuberekwa kutsva kworusununguko” kukurota kworudzi runotongwa norudzi rune mavara, aya mashoko anogadza mupimo womufambiro wedu timene. Gadziriro inopfuurira. Mutoro wokuteerera, uye kutaura zvino kwatiri.

Kutora Nzvimbo Dzinokosha Nokuda Kwavagari Vapasi Vazvino Uno

  • Kudzidza zvakaitika kare. Nharo dzinoshandiswa naLincoln, Douglas, uye Mambo hadzisi kusiirwa basa; zvishandiso zvokunzvera nhau dzazvino uno uye kuumba zvibvumikiso zvinoshanda nokuda kweruramisiro nhasi.
  • [ Zivai kuti kodzero dzamunoda dzinova dzakafanana.
  • [ Kushanda nesimba. Chaunga chakasununguka hausi mutambo weshoo. Kutamba, kuzvipira, uye kutora rutivi mukudzora nzanga mitoro inokosha.
  • [ Ivai vangwariri. Kudzivirira masangano edemokrasi uye ita kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vazvidavirire. Iva mutengi anongwarira wamashoko uye dzivisa kupararira kwemashoko.
  • Kunzwira tsitsi. Simba rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu rinoyerwa nenzira yainobata nayo mitezo yayo ine ngozi zvikurusa. Shandisa nheyo yokuti “hapana chaimo" kuukama hwako navamwe.

Kudzidza muhurukuro dzenhau inopfuura kurovedza dzidzo, inhungamiro inoshanda yokuva mugari wemo anowedzera kuvimbisana, ane mutoro, uye anobudirira mubasa rinopfuurira rokuvaka mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru. Mashoko ekare zviedza zvinotungamirira zvazvino. Kodzero dzinokosha dzokutaura, kuungana, uye kuva akaenzana zvinochengetwa bedzi kupfurikidza nokushandiswa kunopfuurira nokudzivirirwa kweaya mabasa. Nhaka yavatauriri vakuru haisati iri mumashoko bedzi avakataura, asi muzviito zvavanonyandura matiri nhasi.