Basa Renharo Mumasangano Echinzvimbo Chinosarudzwa Nehurumende

Kubvira pamagungano ekare - kare akare evagari vemo muAtene yekare, kurukurirano yavose yakaumbwa semavambo ezvidzo zvehurumende. Nharo dzinogovera njodzi dzisingawanzowaniki, dzine mikwikwidzani umo pfungwa dzinomanikidzirwa kunangana nezvinoongororwa navanhu. Zvinoshandura zvikarakadzo zvemitemo zvisina mufungo kuva nzvimbo dzinooneka idzo vavhoti vanogona kurema, kudenha, uye pakupedzisira kugamuchira kana kuti kuramba. Pasina iyi gadziriro yekurukurirano yakananga nenyevedzo, democracy inova njodzi dzinopinda munhevedzano yezvirevo zvisina kunyorwa, navagari vemo vakaderedzwa kuva vatori vemashoko vanoshingaira panzvimbo pokuvatoridzira mashoko vanoshingaira mumuitiro wokusarira.

Rimwe ramabasa anokosha zvikurusa ekurukurirano ndimano ayo okuita kuti kuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuoneke. Apo vatungamiriri navadaviri vanomira pachikuva kuti vadzivirire zvinyorwa zvavo nezvikarakadzo, havagoni kuvanda shure kwokudhinda kana kuti kushambadzira kwokungwarira. Chimiro chakarangarirwa chisina mufungo, chikanganiso chechokwadi, kana kuti kuramba kupindura mubvunzo wakananga kunova pachena kuvateereri. Iyi dzvinyiriro chaiyoiyo yenguva chaiyo inosunda vapindi kuti vagadzirise nokufunga patsoka dzavo, kupa mufananidzo wakajeka unovanza wokukwanisa kwavo nokuperera. [[FLT: 0]] Kugamuchira pamusoro peMibumbiro yaPrezidhea yenhau [FLT:] yasimbisa kwenguva refu kuti izvi ndiro bedzi mukana wokuti vazhinji vaone vanotungamirira kupfurikidza, vachipindura mibvunzo yakafanana, pasi pemigariro yakafanana.

Kufema Mufundisi Akadzidza

Kupfuura kuzvidavirira kwomunhu oga, nharo dzinobatira sechishandiso chedzidzo chakabatana. Dzinoisa nhau dzemiitiro yakaoma munharo dzisingachinjiki, dzichibetsera vavhoti kunzwisisa kwete bedzi izvo mutengi anodavira asi chikonzero nei vachizvidavira. Gakava rakasanorongwa rinoratidzira mufungo mukuru (kana kuti kushaikwa kwawo) kupfurikidza nezvikarakadzo zvinokwikwikwidza. Somuenzaniso, mukati mekurukurirano pamusoro pechinjo yezvoutano, mutendi angamanikidzirwa kutsanangura kuti ronge rafukidza sei migariro yapamberi, icho chaizoda kuparira, uye ndiani angaripira. Mutsigiri anoshora ipapo anogona kudenha mirangariro iyoyo, kupa maererano kana kuti migumisiro isingadzorwi. Uku kurangarira kunopa vateereri kuchenjera, kunzwisisa kunopfuura kugovera kupi nokumwe kukura kudarika kutsigira kwapa purogiramu kana kuti pepa.

Nzvero yenguva dzose inoratidza kuti vavhoti vanotarira kurukurirano vane bviro huru yokuziva zvakarurama nzvimbo dzavada kufunda panhau huru. Fundo inobva Melikan Economic Review [ yakawana kuti kurukurirano dzapurezidhendi dzinowedzera zvikuru zivo yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru pakati pavagari vemo vasina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira. Iyi tapuro inoziviswa zvikurukuru nokuda kwavaoni vasina kusinwa kana kuti vane mwero ine mwero yefariro iri pakati nepakati mune zvamatongerwe enyika – chaizvoizvo mwero unowanzosarudza miuyo yesarudzo.

Nhoroondo: Makakatanwa Aiumba Marudzi

Gamuchidzanwa rekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika sechinoitika chapamutemo, chavose hachisi chinhu chazvino uno. Idzokorokera kuRome Republic, uko vamiriri vehurumende vaizoitirana nharo uye kupesana nemitemo inokarakadzwa muForum. MuAmerica inodzorwa nehurumende, misangano yehoro yomutaundi yakabatira sezvikonzero zvisina kurongwa asi zvine simba umo vagari vemowo zvavo vaigona kudenha vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo. Iyi miitiro yapakuvamba yakavanzarika hwaro hwezvinoitika zvakaumbwa, zvakabudirira munyika iyo zvino zvino zvino inodzora nhevedzano yesarudzo.

Gakava RavaLincoln - Douglas ra1858

Kazhinji kazhinji yanokorwa mashoko semupimo wendarama wekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica, rwisano nomwe pakati pa Abraham Lincoln naStephen Douglas mukati menhangemutange yeIllinois yakanga inopfuura zvikuru chiono chenhimbe. Yakanga iri kurukurirano huru yorudzi pamusoro pouranda, maruramiro ehurumende, uye nguva yemberi yeUnion. Kukurukurirana kumwe nokumwe kwakatevera nhevedzano yakakomba: rusando rwamaawa matatu nehurukuro dzinochinjana kusvikira kumaminiti 90. Iyi gadziriro inoraira varume vose vari vaviri kukura zvakakwana, inosanotsigirwa. Lincoln akarasikirwa nechigaro cheDare reSamende, kurukurirano yakamuita kuti ave mukurumbira worudzi uye kurondedzera kwapashure kwaizorondedzera kuva constriciveries. Mabhii akakwana anofundwa nhasi mumakositiri ezvamatongerwe enyika senyanzvi dzezvamatongerwe enyika mukunaidzira.

Kukurukurirana kweKennedy naNixon kwa1960

Gakava rokutanga rapurezidhendi muUnited States rakaratidzira nhambo yechinjo mukurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kwenguva yokutanga, mamirioni avaAmerica aigona kuona vadaviri vavo kurutivi rumwe, kwete kungovanzwa chete paredhiyo. Musiyano wemaziso pakati peavhundutswa, akareruka, akacheneruka, akaoneka achibudisa pachena Richard Nixon akabvumikisa kuva ane revo. Vateereri veredhiyo, vakanzwa bedzi zviri mukurukurirano, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vairangarira Nixon muwi; vaoni veterevhizheni vaifarira Kennedy zvikuru. Ichi chinoitika chakaratidzira kuti nhau dzouzivi dzakafanana neshoko, uye chakachinja nokusingaperi kuti nhimbe dzinogadzirira sei nokuda kwekurukurirano, kwete bedzi pamapfundo enhau asi pachitarisiko, chitarisiko chomuviri, uye kuvapo. Kennedy-Nixon anopa chidzidzo chine simba pakati pezvitambiso neratidziro.

VaObama-Romney Vari Kukurukurirana Muna 2012

Munhambo yazvino yenhepfenyuro dzenzanga nenhevedzo dzeawa 24, nharo pakati paBarack Obama naMitt Romney dzakaenzanisira kuti kuongorora chokwadi chaichoicho nerepaIndaneti kunogona sei kunyandura kurukurirano. Basa rakasimba raRomney mukurukurirano yokutanga rakachinja zvinoshamisa, nepo chimiro chaObama chokudenha zvikuru muzvinoitika zvakatevera chakamubetsera kuwanazve nzvimbo. Uku kukurukurirana kwakasimbisawo chinetso che "bingers" – kukanganwa kumwe kupfuudza kurukurirano yemiitiro yetsika. Vanosimbisa kudikanwa kwavaoni kutarira kudarika mativi emitambo uye kurangarira mativi anotevera nenharo dzakava pasi pezvigaro zvinonetsa.

Gadziriro Yenharo Nemhindumupindu Yadzo

Kunzwisisa zvivako zvakasiyana - siyana kunobatsira vavhoti kuti vaone kuti chiitiko chimwe nechimwe chine simba uye chinokanganisa zvakadini.

Gakava Ramagariro Kana Kuti Renhau reOxford-Style

Iyi mirau inodzorwa: mugadziri anoita chisarudzo chimwe, uye rutivi rumwe norumwe runopa kutaura kwokuzarura, kupesana, uye nharo dzokupfiga mukati memiganhu yenguva yakatarwa. Kunzvera kwomuchinjikwa kunowanzobvumirwa, kugadzira zvikanganiso zvakananga zvinogona kufumura zvikanganiso zvine mufungo. Iyi purogiramu inozivikanwa zvikuru mudzidzo uye kurukurirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Inotusa zivo huru nokufunga kwokukurumidza asi inogona kunzwa nenzira yakaoma neyokunyengedzerwa kuvateereri vose. Pasinei zvapo nokushanda kwayo, inoramba iri muedzo wakaoma zvikurusa wenhau dzenharo.

Kukakavadzana Nedzimba Dzeguta

Muiyi fomu, mibvunzo yavaparidzi inobva zvakananga kuvateereri vapenyu vasina kurongeka kana kuti vasingatsivi. Mibvunzo yacho inowanzova yomunhu oga zvikuru uye yakavakirwa muzvinonetsa zvezuva riri rose – ndyiko dzoutano, chengeteko yebasa, dzidzo – kupfuura iyo inobvunzwa navagadziri vemirayiridzi. kurukurirano dzehoro yetaundi dzinogona kuita kuti vadaviri vave vanhu uye kuzivisa mano avo okusonganira navanhuwo zvavo. Zvisinei, ivo vanogadzira mabanza okuita kuti vaparidze, savadai vangashandisa vabvunzi vane tsitsi kupa mifungo yokutaura kwapamberi pakuvamba. Kukurukurirana kwevateereri kunogona kubudisa nenzira isati iri yomuzvarirwo, nguva inopfupika vada kugona kunyora.

Gakava Rezvidhina Nerechokwadi

COVOID-19 yakakurumidzisa kushandiswa kwemabudiro anodokuva ekurukurirano. Madanho anooneka mumastudio ari kure, uye mugadziri wemakombiyuta anotarisira mashoko nevhidhiyo zvinogovera kuva nechokwadi chetsinhano dzine nhevedzano. Nepo idzi kurukurirano dzichirasikirwa nokuvapo chaiko nokusavapo kwemabharani izvo zvinopfuudzira chiso kusvikira kuchimiro, ivo vanowana mano okunongedzera magwaro etsika, kurarama manyuko ezvokuwana zvokudya, uye kunyange kurukurirano. Journal of Democracy yakanzvera kuti zvinyorwa zvemichina zvingawedzera sei kutora rutivi, zvichibvumira vokuendesa mibvunzo yomumaruwa munguva chaiyoiyo. Zvisinei, ngozi yemieuchato yemakombiyuta, inhau yemakombiyuta, uye kupfavisa vashoorwa kwei iyi.

Kutapura Kwendangariro Kwekurukurirano Pamufambiro Wezvinyakare

Kutsvakurudza kwemakore akawanda mune zvematongerwo enyika kunoratidza kuti nharo dzinoita kuti vanhu vasarudze nenzira dzakaoma kunzwisisa uye dzisinganyatsoonekwi.

Kunyengera Netapuro Dzokutsiva

Voters vanowanzoyeuka zvavanotanga kunzwa (kusanzwisisa) nezvavanonzwa zvokupedzisira (kuchinja). Ndicho chikonzero nei mashoko okuzarura nokupfiga akanyatsonyorwa. Kutanga kwakasimba kunogona kugadzira nzira yokuti nharo dzose dzinotevera dzinotsanangurwa nayo, nepo kuvhara kune simba kunogona kubvisa mhosho dzekare. Candidates kurovedza zvikuru kuronga nguva idzi, kazhinji kazhinji vachishandisa kuteterera kwemirangariro - nhau dzerwisano, zviono zvechinzwano chorudzi kusvikira kusinganzwisisiki.

Kusimbisa Zviratidzo Nokusarudza

Vaoni vazhinji havaoni kurukurirano nendangariro yakazaruka. Vanouya nezvisarudzo zviripo, uye vanokombamira kududzira kutaura kusina kujeka sokunotsigira mirangariro yavo yapamberi pezvi. Uku kusimbisa kunoreva kuti gakava rimwe chetero rinogona kuonwa sorukundo rwakajeka navatsigiri vemativi ose. Uyezve, vaoni vangasarudza kutarira bedzi nzvero yepashure yenhau dzinozivikanwa namashoko ane ushamwari, vachisimbisa kududzira kwavo vamene. Vadzidzisi navatungamiriri vehurumende vanogona kupokana navanokurudzira vaoni vanorarama vasina tsinhiro dzinodzokororwa uye kukurukura kurukurirano navanhu vane mirangariro yakasiana.

Basa Rokukurukurirana Zvisina Kutaura

Kutaura kwouso, chimiro, zviito zvemaoko, uye kunyange nzira iyo mutsigiri anomira nayo asati agona kupindura ichiratidza kukwanisa, uchokwadi, kana kuti kutya. Nzvero yakabudiswa mu sayenzi[ yakaratidza kuti rutongeso rwokusagona kutemwa kwakavakirwa pakuratidzirwa kupfupi kwemavhidhiyo echinyaradzo dzinogona kudeya kutaura miuyo yesarudzo noururami hunoshamisa. Nzvero dzinobvumira vavhoti kuona nokunzwa nokuda kwenhambo dzakarebesa.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nenharo Dzazvino Uno

Pasinei nokukosha kwadzo, nharo dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzepanguva ino dzinotarisana nezvinetso zvakakomba zvegadziriro yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu zvinogona kukanganisa chinangwa chadzo.

Miteo Bias ne "Spin Ram"

Kunyorwa kwepashure pechikamu chapashure penhau kazhinji kazhinji kunonangidzira kwete pachinhu chenharo asi pana ani "won" vapapatidzi vakavakirwa pasita, magaffes, kana kuti vasingakanganwiki. Vatori venhau namapepa muimba yokupotedza nhau vasati vava nebanza rokutarira chiitiko chakazara. Iyi inogona kuoneka navanopa mhindu vane unyanzvi pamashoko panzvimbo peavo varipo mitemo inosanofungwa zvakanaka. Mamwe masangano enhau akavamba kugovera kurukurirano isina kuvhiringidzwa kugovera kurukurirano yemakombiyuta uye kunzvera namasangano eidi kuti agoveresai nguva chaiyoiyo, asi nhau huru ichiri kuumbwa nenhambo yamaawa 24 enhau.

Tsika Dzakanaka uye Kunyanyoita Kuti Vanhu Vave Netsika Dzakanyanya

Neganhuriro dzenguva dzinoyerwa mumasekondi nokuda kwemhinduro namaminiti nokuda kwokupazve mhinduro, kurukurirano dzemiitiro dzakaoma kudzorwa kazhinji kazhinji kuva zvitsama zvamashoko zvinodzokororwa. Mubhadharwa angava namasekondi 90 bedzi okutsanangura gadziriro yavo yomutero, kuchitungamirira kukunyanyoshandiswa uko kunogona kutsausa vavhoti. Dzvinyiriro yokubudisa mutsetse unoyeukwa kazhinji kazhinji inopfuura kudikanwa kwokururama nejeka. Uku kuganhurirwa kwegadziriro uko pasina chitsama chegadziriro chinogona kukukurira zvizere; idzvinyiriro yomuzvarirwo pakati pedikanwo yokupfupikisana nokuoma kwehurumende.

Kupesana Kwavose uye Kuchinja Kwepfungwa

Sezvo kupesana kunowedzera, vavhoti vazhinji vanosarudza kuti ndiani wokutsigira kare pamberi pekurukurirano yokutanga, vachikuita kuti vave nebviro shoma yokunyengetedzwa nemashoko matsva. Vateereri vapenyu vanowanzozadzwa navatsigiri vanotsinhanisa vanoombera mutsigiri wavo uye vanoseka muvengi, vachiumba mhoteredzo yakafanana neboka rinoparira mirangariro. Kunyange pakati pavaoni vari pamusha, kombamiro yokutarira bedzi kurukurirano inowirirana nemirangariro iripo inoderedza basa rinobvira rokururamisa retsinhano. Dzimwe hurumende dzakaedza ne "dai redifiti" apo boka rinomirira revavhotera rinotarira kurukurirano uye ipapo rinokurukura mumapoka maduku ane mwero, ayo anogona kubetsera kudzokorodza mirwi yemabhara.

Kugadzirira Nharo: Nhungamiro Inoshanda Nokuda Kwavatori Mundima

Kungava kukwikwidza basa ravose, mudzidzi ari mumakwikwi ekirasi, kana kuti mutungamiriri wekambani anodzivirira chikarakadzo, kugadzirira kunobudirira kwekurukurirano kunotevera gadziriro inowirirana yenheyo.

  • Nzvera zvikuru mativi ose ari maviri enhau. Kuziva zvibvumikiso zvingangovapo zvomushori pachine nguva mberi kunobvumira mukwikwidzani kugadzirira magariro uye kukarira mapfundo asina kusimba. Ikoku kunobatanidza kwete bedzi maidi emitemo asiwo chinyorwa chokuvhota, kutaura kwavose, uye zvirongwa zvokuda kupindura.
  • Kushandisa kuendesa mukusashanda kwenguva. Nharo huru inopiwa zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuti nokukurumidza zvikuru kurasikirwa nesimba rayo rokunyengetedza. Kugadzirira nekaramu, marusando okurekodha, uye kugamuchira mhinduro dzokutendeseka kubva kuvaenzani inovaka nyaradzo iri madikanwa noururami.
  • . Paakanangana nomubvunzo kana kuti denho isinganzwiri tsitsi, mutaurisi ane unyanzvi anogona kuubvuma mupfupi uye ipapo kudzosera kurukurirano kumusoro wakasimba zvikuru. Iyi unyanzvi hunofanira kushandiswa zvishoma kudzivisa kuoneka, asi kunokosha nokuda kwokuramba uri pashoko.
  • [ Gadzirira nguva dzisingakarirwi. Kukundikana kweunyanzvi, kudzongonyedzwa kwevateereri vane utsinye, kana kuti kudenha kwomunhu oga kunogona kukanganisa kunyange mutsigiri akanyatsogadzirirwa. Kuhwirudzurwa kwendangariro kwenzira yokuramba nayo yakadzikama uye yamanomano mudzvinyiriro chinhu chinokosha chokugadzirira.

Nguva Yemberi Yenharo Muupenyu Hwehurumende

Chinangwa chikuru chenharo dzinoda kupokana, kufumura pfungwa, uye kubatsira vagari vemo kuti vasarudze zvavanofunga zvinoramba zvichishanda uye zvinoramba zvichibatsira.

Nharo Chaidzoidzo Nedzakavapo

Unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu hunobatanidza zvingabvumira vavhoti kuva nenharo mumhoteredzo dzinodokuva dzinonzwika, uko vanogona kubvunza mibvunzo yavo vamene, kurangarira mipimo chaiyoiyo yemifungo yemisi inoonekwa, kana kuti kunyange kupindira mubasa romudaviri anotarisana nezvisarudzo zvakaoma. Uku kuumbwa kungawedzera kuvimbisana, zvikurukuru pakati pavavhoti vaduku vakasununguka nezvinobudisa nhau. Bva ivo vanomutsawo funganyo pamusoro pokushandisa zvisakafanira: Mufanikiso chaiye wemunhu angachengetwa kumipimo imwe cheteyo yezvokwadi somunhu mupenyu?

Kupokanidzana Kwenyika Yose

Gadziriro dzetsika dzamarudzi ose, dzakadai sechinjo yomugariro wokunze nedenda, dzinoda kurukurirano yenharo. Tingaona kutanga kwekurukurirano yenyika yose uko vatungamiriri vanobva kumarudzi akasiana - siana vanokwikwidza mitoo pamberi pavateereri venyika yose. United Nations [ yakaedza kurukurirano dzakarongwa, asi gakava retsika rinoramba riri renguva dzose pamwero wamarudzi ose. Kuwedzera uyu muitiro kungagona kusimudzira nzwisiso huru zvikuru nezvidavirira pakati pamarudzi.

Kubatanidzwa Nedzidzo Yemichero

Kuwedzera ukoshi hwehurumende yedemocracy yenharo, zvikoro zvinofanira kubatanidza kurukurirano dzokutarira, kunzvera, uye kunyange kuedzesera kuve zviitiko zvegore. Vadzidzi vanodzidza kuziva ufakazi hune mufungo, uye mirangariro inopesana vakagadzirira zviri nani kuva vatengi vanotsoropodza hurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Programu dzakadai seNational Speech & Debatency Association inotoratidzira kuti muitiro wenguva dzose mukurangarira kwakarongeka unovandudza unyanzvi hwokufunga nebvumirano zvehurumende. Kutambanudza mapurogiramu akadaro kungagona kubetsera kuderedza zvimiro zvekuparadza nokushatisa ndangariro izvo zvinotyisidzira utano hwehurumende dzinosarudzwa napasi pose.

Mugumisiro: Kukosha Kusingaperi Kwenharo

Gakava rezvamatongerwe enyika harina kukwana. Dzinogona kudzorwa nedanho rechikamu, kuderedzwa kuva renharo, uye kufuratirwa navagari vemo vamene vanoda zvikurusa mashoko. Bva hakuna rimwe sangano redemocracy rinopa rwisano yakananga, inooneka yezviono zvinokwikwidzana nokuda kwenguva yemberi. Munyika ine makamuri enzwi, kubvisa, uye kusavimba mumasangano, kutsinhana pfungwa, kusino kusino kusitongori rugwaro rwenhau; muitiro wokurarama uyo unofanira kuramba uchiitwa kuti uvandutsirirwe nokuwana. Vagari vanotarira neziso rinotsoropodza, vanokurukura navanhu vane mirangariro yakasiana, uye vhoti yakavakirwa pachinhu chirevo chenhau panzvimbo pezvipfupi zvacho panzvimbo pezvinoitwa. Muitiro wekurukurirano haisiri bedzi chinhu chitsva chenhau yakare; muitiro unova murarami unofanira kupfuurira kugadziridzwa, uye kutsigirwa.