Kutanga Kupa Mitemo

Kukura nokushandiswa kwomutemo wokuvhota kunoumba musimboti wekudzora kwedemocracy. Iyi mitemo inotema kuti ndiani anogona kuvhota, mavhoti anoiswa sei nokuverengwa, uye kuti maruwa akasarudzwa anokweva sei. Anoumba zvakananga kururama nokugona kushambadza kwevhoti. Kunzwisisa kunyorwa kwemitemo yokuvhota. Kubvira pakunzvera kwokutanga kusvika pakuita zvizere. Kunokosha nokuda kwemunhu upi noupi anofunda nezvehurumende, nhau yavose. Nyaya ino inonzvera chikamu chimwe nechimwe chebasa iroro, denho huru yemitemo inotarisana, uye zvidzidzo chaizvoizvo zvenhau zvinojekesa zvose zviri zviviri miraudzo nekusashanda kwehurumende. Kunzvera kukuru kwemitemo yazvino uno uno. [FLT:] Hurumende yeStatesturective [FFFM]

Mavambo Okupa Mitemo Yokudzidzisa

Kupa mitemo inoshanda mukati megadziriro yemitemo yakaoma nebumbiro remitemo. MuUnited States, Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa chiremera chikuru chokugadza mitemo yesarudzo, pasi pemitemo yehurumende neutariri hwedare. Iyi gadziriro mbiri inoumba basa rakamanikana remiraudzo inosiana zvikuru nehurumende. Mitemo yehurumende inoshandura zvikurusa inobatanidza Kuisa kodzero dzekodzero dzemunhu pa6565] [[FLT] [1], inorambidza kusarura ganda mukuvhota, uye Help America Vote Act ye 2002, iyo inosuma mipimo yemichina yokuvhotera uye pamutemo. Mitemo yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi yana yakana miramira mipimo pamavhotera, mavhotera, mapotoota, mapepa, mapepa apotoodha, naepect adzo.

Muitiro wokutanga mutemo wokuvhota hauna kutevedzerwa. Kuumbwa nesimba revatongi, kutonga kwedare, pfungwa dzavose, uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Vagadziri vemitemo vanofanira kudzikamisa zvinangwa zvinokwikwidzana: kuva nechokwadi chekuchengeteka kwevhoti, kukurudzira muvhoti, uye kuramba vachivimba nevanhu nemigumisiro yesarudzo. Uku kuoma kwepfungwa kwakanyanya zvikuru munguva yokuwedzera kworuwa uye kuparadzirwa kwemashoko asina kururama.

Chikamu 1: Kutsvakurudza uye Kuongorora

Chisarudzo chipi nechipi chisati chanyorwa, vagadziri vemitemo kana kuti mapoka ezvokuvhota vanowanzoronga kunzvera kuti vaone zvinetso mugadziriro yazvino inosarudzwa. Iyi nhano inobatanidza kuunganidza mashoko pamuvhoti, mwero yokunyoresa, mitoo yokubatanidza, uye mhinganidzo yokutora. Vanzveri vanganzvera sarudzo dzakapfuura, vhota, uye kunzvera zvakaitika zvedzimwe nyika. Somuenzaniso, mashoko anorangarira kunyoresa kwokuvhota kwoga kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji anonzvera mifananidzo yakashandiswa muOregon navamwe vanogamuchira pakuvamba.

Zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoitwa muchikamu ichi zvinosanganisira:

  • Kuongorora mitemo yehurumende neyahurumende iripo, pamwe chete nezvisarudzo zvedare zvine chokuita
  • Kutarisira nzvero dzechinjo dzinokarakadzwa nemari
  • Kuonana nevatungamiriri vesarudzo, masangano ekodzero dzevanhu, uye nyanzvi dzedzidzo
  • Kuongorora miitiro yakanakisisa yemarudzi ose yokutarisira vatongi

Ruvara rweiyi nzvero runopesvedzera zvikuru budiriro yenhano dzinotevera. Mutemo usingazivi zvakanaka unogona kutungamirira kumiuyo isingakanwi, yakadai sokubvisa vavhoti vakakodzera kana kuti kugadzira mitsipa yokudzora. Brennan Center yeChirevo nguva dzose inobudisa mishumo yokunzvera ine udzame pamusoro pemitemo yokuvhota iyo inozivisa vose vari vaviri vaiti vemitemo nevoruzhinji.

Chikamu 2: Kudzokororwa Kwomutemo

Kunzvera kwangozivisa chinodikanwa chakajeka . zvakadai sokuderedza mitsetse mirefu panzvimbo dzinovhota kana kuti kudzivisa kubvisa vavhoti(vavhoti) kana kuti vashandi vavo vanotanga kunyora mutengi mutero wacho. Uyu muitiro unoda ururami mumutauro kudzivisa zvisakiso izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kuzvinetso zvapamutemo. Vagadziri vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mutemo unowirirana nezvinodikanwa zvebumbiro remitemo, kubatanidza dziviriro pasi peVoting Rights Act ne - Excial Protection Claus.

Zvinhu zvinoumba kunyorwa kwedanho zvinosanganisira:

  • Richirondedzera ukuru uye zvinangwa zvomutemo wacho, kazhinji kacho pa “kuwana” chikamu
  • Kuonesa maatomuni enguva uye nzira dzokutsigira nadzo mari
  • Kubatanidza gadziriro dzokutarisira, kuchengetedza, uye kuunganidzwa kwamaidi
  • Kugadzirisa kusawirirana kungangoitika nemitemo iripo

Mubatanidzwa wekuvhota wakakomba papfundo rino. Mapoka okuvhota, vakuru vakuru vesarudzo, uye masangano ekodzero dzokuvhota kazhinji kazhinji zvinogovera chibvumikiso pamutauro wefora. Somuenzaniso, mapoka ekodzero dzehurema angakurudzira nokuda kwemichina yokuvhota inosvika, nepo mabharani wenyika angakumbira kujekeswa pamisi inosvika. Chikamu chokunyora chinowanzobatanidza kudzokororwa kuzhinji pamutemo pamutemo usati watangwa.

Misungo Inozivikanwa Navose Mukurwisa

Gadziriro dzamashoko dzisina kunaka dzinogona kuita zvirevo kana kuti kuisa zvinodikanwa zvisiri zvechokwadi. Sarudzo ya 2000 yapurezidhendi muFlorida, iyo yaibatanidza kuvhiringidza zvirongwa zvokuvhota nokuitirana nharo, yakatungamirira kukuvandudza kukuru kwokunyora muHelp America Vote Act. Vagadziri vazvino uno vanofanirawo kutsanangura ngozi dzebutiro rekombiyuta, zvakadai sokuvimbisa kuti gadziriro dzokuvhota dzamagetsi dzine mapeji epepa. Mibatanidzwa yakafanana nePennsylvania yakatarisana nokujekeswa pamusoro pokuvimbika kwemichina yavo yokuvhotera, ichisimbisa kukosha kwomutauro wakananga mumitemo.

Chikamu 3: Kuongorora Pachena uye Kuitisana Nharo

Kana bhiri remitemo ratangwa, rinovhurwa nguva yakati kuti riongororwe nevanhu. Chikamu ichi chakagadzirirwa kuunganidza pfungwa dzakasiyana - siyana ndokuumba kubvumirana (kana kuti kuchinja kunokarakadzwa) kunenge kuchitevera. Kunzwa kunobvumira vagari vemo, nyanzvi, uye mapoka ezvifariro kupupurira. Vaiti vemitemo vangaita misangano yehoro yetaundi kana kuti kukoka tsinhiro dzakanyorwa.

Kunzvera pachena kunobudirira kunogona kuzivisa miuyo isingadeyi kuonwa. Somuenzaniso, chikarakadzo chokuda chiziviso chakasimba chemifananidzo chinganzwika kuva chine mufungo, asi chipupuriro chinobva kuvavhoti vakwegura vasina marezenisi okutyaira kana kuti vavhoti vane madhigidhi asingawirirani nechitarisiko chavo anogona kuratidzira mhinganidzo chaidzoidzo dzenyika.

Nzira Dzokunyora

  • Kutongwa kwavose pamberi pematare emitemo
  • Kuongorora nokunyora mashoko paIndaneti
  • Kupfupikisa kwenzanga kunogamuchirwa namadare esarudzo omunzvimbomo
  • Kubatana nehurumende dzemadzinza kana kuti mutauro muduku

Chikamu chokunzvera chavose chinowanzova nzvimbo yehondo nokuda kwenhauro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinokwikwidzana. Kufukidzwa kwenhau dzenhau nenhimbe dzokushandisa zvigaro zvokunyengera zvinogona kukudza manzwi akati apo zvinonyura vamwe. Pasinei zvapo neidzi denho, kurangana kwakasimba kunovandudza kuva pamutemo kwokupedzisira. Nokuda kwokunyudza kukuru zvikuru muchimiro chemitemo yeSarudzo yavose, Dare reRekudzora pamipingo yemipingo.

Chikamu 4: Mutemo Unotendera

Kana paine chibvumirano chekunyora mashoko ehurumende uye paine mashoko avose, mutemo wacho unofamba uchiita mugadziriro yemitemo. Munyika dzakawanda, mutemo unofanira kupfuudza makamuri ose ari maviri edare (uye dzimwe nguva siginicha yedare) kuti ave mutemo. Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira basa redare, nharo dzepauriri, kugadziriswa, uye kuvhota pakupedzisira.

Key steps in legislative approval include:

  • Kuhwirudzurwa kwedare nokubhadharwa, uko gadziriro dzinogona kuwedzerwa kana kuti kubviswa
  • Kunzvera kwemari kuti uone ndyiko kuvanobhadhara mitero
  • Gakava rezvirugu, kazhinji kazhinji rinonyandura uye rinokamuranisa zvikuru
  • Kugadzirisa kusiyana kweshanduro dzeImba nedzeDare
  • Chikuru chevane chiremera kana kuti siginicha

Revo yomutemo ndiyo umo masimba ezvamatongerwe enyika anooneka zvikurusa. Mapati angasunda nomumabhiri netsigiro duku yebipartisa, nepo mapoka maduku angashandisa nzira dzemiitiro kunonotsa kana kuti kuuraya mutemo. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, vanabusters neparamende zvazova zvakarovedzeka mukurukurirano dzekodzero dzokuvhota. Somuenzaniso, [[FLT: 0] Nokuda kweInsty Act (H.R. 1) kupfuura Imba muna 201 asi yakachengetwa muDare reRegameter, inoratidzira kuti mitemo yokuvhota inogona sei kuumba mitemo yokuvhotera.

Chikamu 5: Kushandisa

Kana mutemo wokuvhota wangoitwa bedzi, basa chairo rinovamba. Kushandiswa kunoda kushandira pamwe pakati pevakuru vakuru vehurumende nevakuru vakuru vesarudzo dzomunzvimbomo, vatengesi vemichina yokusarudza, vashandi vezvokuvhota, uye vavhoti. Nhambo yokuchinja inogona kusiana mumwedzi namakore, kuchitsamira pakuoma kwechinjo. Mutemo unoraira michina yokuvhota mitsva, somuenzaniso, ungada kuwana kwamakore akawanda nokurovedza.

Mabasa anokosha okushandisa anobatanidza:

  • Gadzirisa mapepa okunyoresa evhoti uye mapurogiramu esoftware
  • Kurovedza vashandi vesarudzo nevazvipiri pamaitiro matsva
  • Kuedza uye kuongorora zvokuvhota
  • Kudzidzisa vanhu kuti vazive kuti zvinhu zvachinja
  • Kuronga kuti zvigadzirwa zvisashanda kana kuti njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga

Kushandiswa kunowanzova uko mutemo wakasanotevedzerwa unobatira mhinganidzo dzinoshanda. Kuronga nguva dzinobvira, mari isina kukwana, uye kudzivisa kunobva kuvakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo kunogona kudzongonyedza kunyange chinjo dzakakurumbira. Kutenderera kwokusarudza 2020 kwakaona nyika dzakawanda dzichiparapatika kuti dziite kuvhota posi yakawedzerwa mukati medenda, kuchitungamirira kukunonozeka mukuverenga bhora nematare. Kuronga nokungwarira nepfuma zvakakwana hazvigoni kuitwa nenzira inobudirira. Center yeEx yeExFIncotion Intion & Research inogovera chiitiko pamusoro pokuti kana kuti mashandire anoshanda nenzira inobudirira gadziriro itsva dzokuvhota.

Zvinetso Mukuronga Mitemo

Pasinei zvapo nomuitiro wakarongeka, mhinganidzo dzakawanda dzinogona kusekesa kutangwa kwemitemo yokuvhota yakanaka.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kudenga

Mutemo wokupa wazova imwe yenhau dzinotsiva zvikuru mune zvamatongerwe enyika zvazvino uno. Vatongi vanobva kumapati akasiana kazhinji kazhinji vane mirangariro yakasiana zvikuru pamusoro pokuti mitemo yemavhota, kuvhota kwapakuvamba, kana kuti mapepa apakuvamba epositi anowedzera unyengeri kana kuti kuwedzerwa. Uku kubatana kwenyika kunogona kutungamirira kuruvara, uko chinjo ine revo isingabviri pasina kupfupika kukuru. Kunyange apo mitemo inopfuura, vanowanzoshorwa mudare navashori.

Nzvero Yapamutemo Neyokutonga

Mitemo yakawanda yokuvhota inotarisana nemhesvanyo yapakarepo. Mapoka akafanana ne American Communist Union ne[FLT] ] .Nhengeta yeVakadzi [[FLT]] yemhosva dzenhau dzenguva dzose dzinotaura kuti mitemo mitsva inoputsa Mutemo weKodzero kana kuti weMitemo. Matare angapa mitemo inononotsa kana kuti kuputsa. Somuenzaniso, mutemo wokuvhotera waTexas (SB1) wakatarisana nemhosvorano dzinodenha dzakawanda pamotokari yokuvhotera nzvimbo dzinovhota. Kusava neawa 24 dzemitemo kunogona kudzivisa vaiti vemitemo kuronda pakuronda.

Mashoko Asina Kururama uye Kuvimbwa Nevanhu

Kupa mitemo kwakangofanana nekwakarerekera kunhema. Kutaura kwenhema pamusoro pounyengeri hwakapararira hwevavhoti kana kuti sarudzo kungabvisa chivimbo chavanhu ndokuparira dzvinyiriro yemitemo inoganhurira. Nenzira yakapesana, kutya kudzvinyirirwa kwevhoti kunogona kutungamirira kukuraira chinjo dzisingashandisi kana kuti dzisiri madikanwa. Nhimbe dzechitsama panhau dzesarudzo kazhinji kazhinji dzinova nzvimbo dzehondo nokuda kwenhema, kuchikuita kuti kuomere vavhoteri kunzwisisa pesvedzero yechokwadi yemitemo inokarakadzwa.

Mazano Okushandisa Mari

Kushandisa mitemo mitsva yokuvhota kunodhura. Kupomera kunofanira kuronga midziyo mitsva, rovedzo yavashandi, uye kupedza nzanga. Mirangariro miduku ine bhajeti yakaganhurirwa ingaparapatika kuti iwirirane, kuchitungamirira kumhatsa mumashandisirwe emitemo. Mari inodzorwa, yakadai sezvipo zvinobvumirwa neHealp America Vote Act, inobetsera asi kazhinji kazhinji haisati yakakwana nokuda kwavanokwira zvikuru.

Kuongorora Kupa Mitemo

Mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo inoratidza kuoma kwedanho rimwe nerimwe nezvidzidzo zvinodzidzwa.

Murayiro Wokutsigira Kodzero Wa1965

Zvichida mutemo wokuvhota wapashure zvikurusa munhau yeU.S., Voting Rights Act yakatanga kubva musangano ramaruramiro avagari vemo. Nzvero nokunzvera zvakapupurira miitiro yokusasarura yakapararira, yakadai senzvero dzokunyora nokuvhota. Kudzorwa kwakabatanidza kubvumirana kwokungwarira pakati pavanoronga mitemo, kubatanidza vatsigiri vakuru saSenator Mike Mansfield. Kubvunza kwavose kwakatanga kupfurikidza nokuramba kukuru uye uchapupu kubva kuvatsigiridzi vekodzero dzakafanana naJohn Lewis. Kutendera kwemitemo kwaida kukunda kubuda kwePrecinest. Kudzosera kwakaitwa kwakakurumidza asi kwakasangana nokuramba kwokutanga kubva mune dzimwe nyika. Zvisaruso zvapamusoro mu [FLT:] Sup:] Sol County. Varcercer [FFFF:1]

Kubatsira kwa2002 Kunoitwa neAmerica

Anzi aite mudavidzo kunjodzi yapurezidhendi ya 2000, HAVA akatanga Evotion Aption Application Commission, akagadza mipimo miduku yemichina yokuvhota, uye nyika dzinoda kuti dziite gadziriro dzokuvhota. Chikamu chokunyoresa chakapesvedzerwa zvikuru nezvinoitika muFlorida uye nouchapupu hwakabva kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vedare. Kutaurirana kwavose kwakaganhurirwa nemhaka yekurumidziro yejeri , vatongi vaida chigadzikiso pamberi pekuvhotera kwa2004. Kudzosera kwakaratidza kuva kwakaoma: nyika dzakawanda dzakaposha miganhu yokubvisa midziyo yokubudisa magetsi, uye chinodikanwa chepepa chakaramba chiripo kwemakore. HARA kazhinji kacho chinodudzwa senhau apo kupindira kwehurumende kwakavandudza mamwe mativi okutonga kwesarudzoro asi kwakadzika mitoro yakakwirira.

Kuchinja Kwezvirongwa zveGeorgia kwa2021

SB 202, yakaitwa muna 2021, yakanga iri mumwe wemitemo yokuvhota inomutsa nharo zvikurusa mumakore achangobva kupfuura. Yakatanga zvinodikanwa zvitsva zvemuvhoti nokuda kwavashaiwi venzvimbo dzokuvhota, zvakaganhurirwa kuisa nzvimbo dzebhokisi, uye maawa okurega kupera kwevhiki apakuvamba akaganhurirwa. Nzvero nenzvero namatanho okunyora pamutemo zvakaitiswa zvikurukuru navapi vemitemo veRepublican avo vakapikisa kuti mutemo waizodzorera chivimbo mukuvhota pashure pezvirevoradzo mukusarudzo. Kunzvera kwapamhiko kwavose kwaparuzhinji kwakabatanidza sei kusawirirana kwekodzero kwavagari vemo, nechimiro chemitemo chemitemo.

Miitiro Yazvino Uno Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Miitiro inoverengeka iri kubuda sezvingabvira ichaumba makore gumi anotevera okuchinja.

Kunyoresa Mubatanidzwa Wezvigadzirwa Zvemagetsi Zvinongozviitikirawo

Zvibvumirano zvinopfuura makumi maviri zvino zvine kunyoresa kunozviitikira kwoga, uko kunonyoresa vagari vemo vakakodzera apo vanobata namasangano ehurumende seDMV. Iyi chinjo yakaratidza chipikirwa mumwero inowedzera yokunyoresa apo inoderedza zvikanganiso.

Kugadzira Mazai

Kuvhota kwapachivande kuri kuwedzera kuwanda mumitemo yemanisiparati uye vanotaura kuti kunoderedza nzanga uye vanovimbisa tsigiro yavazhinji nokuda kwavawiri. Vashori vanomutsa funganyo pamusoro penyongano yomuvhoti uye kuwanda kwokuverenga. Miitiro yeLegislatis yokugamuchira RCV yakabatanidza nhimbe dzedzidzo dzavose namabasa okuita mhindu avose.

Mipimo Yokusachengeteka

Zvichitevera kunetseka pamusoro pekupindira kwedzimwe nyika musarudzo ya2016, nyika dzakawanda dzakaita kuti mitemo ipedze miganhu yokuvhota.

ID Yenzwi uye Ufakazi Hwokuva Mugari Wemo

Mitemo yeID yakaramba ichipokanidzwa zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzakatanga kuita zvinodikanwa zvikuru zveID, nepo dzimwe dzakawedzera dzimwe nzira dzinotsiva. Kuda kuratidzwa kwougari hwemo kuti unzi ugari hwekunyoresa kwave kuchipesana zvikuru, nemitemo yedare inodzivisa mitemo yakadaro muKansas neArizona. Kukurukurirana kunoramba kuchisimbisa kuoma kuripo pakati pekuchengeteka nokuwana uko kunoratidza mutemo wokuvhota wazvino uno.

mhedziso

Muitiro wokukudziridza nokushandisa mutemo wokuvhota irwendo rwakawanda runoda nzvero yokungwarira, kunyora kwakananga, kunzvera kwavose, kubvumira kukuru kwemitemo, uye kushanda kwokungwarira. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine ngozi dzacho nemikana. Partisan simba, denho dzapamutemo, uye zvisakiso zvemitemo zvinogona kubvisa kunyange chinjo dzakasano, sezvo fundo dzeRecodetion Act, HAVA, uye Georgia SB 202 dzinoratidzira. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mhindumupindu yokunyoresa kubhalisa, kuvhotera kwakarongwa, uye kudzorwa kweInda kunofanira kuratidzira kuti gadziriro inogona kugadziridza zvinetso zvitsva. [FFF] Nheswo yoga yapa nguva dzose, nokuda kwezvirongwa zvinopfuvura , nokuti: [F4]